高三英语一轮词汇复习教学实施建议.docx

高三一轮词汇复习教学实施建议英国语言学家威尔金斯指出：“没有语法不能很好地表达，而没有词汇那么什 么也不能表达(Wilkins, 1972)。”在高考英语试题中，对于词汇的考查涉及到阅 读、完型、作文等各个题型。因此，考生对于词汇的掌握和运用程度对于高考英 语成绩有着关键性的作用o词汇是高三一轮复习的重头戏，但是高三学生任务重, 时间紧，复习词汇就是词汇的记忆、复现与运用同遗忘作斗争。下面谈谈高三一 轮词汇复习教学的一些实施建议。一、运用听写的方法复习高三的课堂留给学生听写的时间有限，多是抽查式的听写。要求同学们借助 教材、录音等进行自我听写。具体方法是：用一张白纸把教材的单元词汇表的汉 语遮住，背出单词的汉语释义和词性。然后再遮住单词局部，根据汉语释义默写 单词。也可以直接把词汇表的英语局部或汉语局部折起来默写。二、运用构词法复习构词法有合成、转换和派生三种构词基本形式。掌握常见的前后缀的形式、 含义和词性对掌握词汇大有裨益。老师们在复习课本单词时，可以有意整合常见 的词根词缀以及由此构成的单词。比方welcome unit的exchange,涉及到前缀ex-, 可以给学生们整理相关单词如：+it（走）exit出口 做道+pand（展开）-expand扩展，扩张膨胀expansion扩张,开展+plain明白的，explain解危说明 explanation解乐说明+plo（折和+it exploit 利用阴帆开发，exploitation*笈利用,利削，开发+cape斗逢escape逃脱感避防止explorer+plor（喊叫）+eexplore探索，探除，探测探险卷探测;8 +plod（轰鸣）+e explode （使膘炸，煨发 explosion爆炸，爆发 +per（尝试）福+11«111 - experiment 试验，实验 experimental试验（性曲 experienceper（尝试）+i+ence -经历，经验 experienced经验丰富的+cell小室+ent - excellent 杰出的，极好的 excellence优秀，卓越 exhibition优秀，卓越 exhibition+per（尝试）+texpert行家,专家程手 +hibit（占据）exhibit展出，展福展期乩）展览乩，展览（会） +cit（呼唤）+e excite （使）兴奋.激起excitement兴航激动,剌激通过单词designer,可以给学生拓展前缀de-的相关单词，如:+clin（蝮船在"decline降低衰落，谢绝+crc（增长）+ease缓和 decrease （使）M少,（使）变小maiicU命令）-demand要求.蛊要;3$求一二-declarationclar（清IK的）+edeclare宣布，声明，宣称宣告，声明,宣言 +vote表决"devote致力，投入" devotion热爱,攀献忠诚 +bat（JT）+e - debate辩论，争论'debatable有争议的，可争辩的 +sign标记-design设计（图），构思固案-designer设计蜥 +scribe（写）describe描述，描写描绘小£北产场力.二描述，描与，晚明+$troy（建立），destroy破坏盘灭 he determine+term期限+ine下决心决定determination 决心决定determiiied够决的，金定的deliberately+fe.t（打，败） defeat击败战胜 liber（禽量HatLdeliberate深思熟虑的,故意的勿意息故意地常见的刖缀后缀有:意义词缀词例否认前缀ab- anti- dis- il- im- in- ir- mis- non- un- anti-abnormal,unemployment,inconvenient,inexpensive, nonsense, disappear, irregular, impossible, uncomfortable, mislead, mistake, antibody (抗体)使en-encourage, enlarge, enrich, ensure, entitle双bi-bi- bicycle超出，过 度，在 上super- extra- ex-out- over-superpower, extraordinary, outstanding, overflow, overweight, expand, export半semi-semiconductor, semicircle, semimonthly, semifinal刖fore-foreleg, forehead, forefoot, foreground相互，之间inter-international, interaction, internet, interview千kilo-kilometer, kilogram小mini- micro-microsolt, microcomputer, microscope,minibus, miniskirt再次，返回re-rewrite, return, rebuilt, rewind, revision一起co-cooperation, cooperative中间mid-midnight, Mid-Autumn, midpoint, middle, midland多multi-multi- multimedia, multicultural副词后缀-ly-ward(s)-way-wisepossibly, attentively, eastward(s), sideways, clockwise动词后缀-ize -ify -ise -en-yze -ysemodernize, realize, terrify, simplify, realize, apologiz(s)e, soften, widen, shorten, analyze数词后缀-teen -ty -thfourteen, nineteen, fifth, twelfth, twentieth三、运用联想归纳法复习名词 后 缀-er -or -ur -age -ness -tion -ation -ure -hood -al -ing -ee -ility -ism -ment -ty -ship -ese -ist -ian -ion -ance -ence -ity -ant -ent-thengineer, inventor, shortage, kindness, situation, congratulation, culture, neighborhood, arrival, building, employee, interviewee, disability, naturalism, socialism, astonishment, beauty, hardship, Japanese, socialist, musician, impression, merchant, agent, distance, strength形 容 词 后 缀-ful -less -ive -y -ly -able -al -ed -ing -ic -ish -like -some -ous -ible -ical -eous -ious -ant, -ent -ernhelpful, careless, impressive, cloudy, friendly, disable, additional, exhausted, frightening, selfish, dreamlike, troublesome, dangerous, reliable, theatrical, courageous, serious, tolerant, dependent, southeastern事物之间是普遍联系的，词语之间的联系更是如此。通过联想把有关系的词 语放在一起记忆理解能够起到事半功倍的效果。1、运用图形联想复习。金字塔形、头脑风暴、树状图等。如：break+adj./adv./n.: away, off, away, from, down, in, out, into, through, up, one's, promise, the rulecall+ adj ./adv./n.: at, on, in, for, on/upon, up, back, off, sb. for short, sb. namesV+off: turn，break，set，put，get，leave carryV+to: add，get，see，tum, lead，refer，bring，agree，attend object,relatedevote, write,point,supply. stick/hold/keepcompare. 如：(1) 一Thank God you're safe!I stepped back, just in time (比拟：in need, in vain, in case, in brief, in demand, in conclusion .) to avoid the racing car.(2) Pm so glad you*ve come here to see to (比拟：turn to, refer to, lead to, contribute to, devote to, accustom to.) this matter in person.(3)Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can put down (比拟：put out, put away, put into, put off, put on, put together. )almost every word her teacher says.(4) Ok, I've had enough of it. I give up.You can't run away with (比拟：run off with, run up against, run out of.) your responsibilities.3.以用法为基点归纳。如。(1)跟双宾语需用介词 to 的动词：explain (say, announce) + to sb. sth.(2)跟双宾语需用介词 of 的动词：rob (deprive, accuse, persuade, cure, inform, cheat, warn, convince, require, remind) +sb. of sth.(3)动词+sb.+into doing sth.: cheat, fool, terrify, panic, persuade, trick, talk, frighten, force+ sb.+into doing sth.(4) in+n.+of: in +celebration (case, defence, favour, possession, respect, honour, support, front, praise, search, spite, view, need) +of(5)be+adj.+about: be+ angry (curious, excited, particular, worried, certain, glad, nervous, sure, sad, happy, mad, hopeful, careful) +about(6)跟动名词作宾语和不定式作宾补的及物动词：forbid, allow, permit, consider另外还有只用不定式作宾语的及物动词、只用动名词作宾语的及物动词、跟 不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同的及物动词、跟从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气的 词、跟不定式作宾补主动语态中不带to的及物动词、跟现在分词作宾补的及物 动词，以及用于特定句型的词等。通过归纳可以一点带面，形成知识网络，从而提高英语运用能力。四、通过练习巩复习通过做练习可以学以致用，巩固词汇复习成果。学生在平时做的练习题以及 近几年高考试题都可以成为词汇复习的绝佳资料。要把练习过程中遇到的复习盲点及时记下来，然后各个击破。总之，词汇复习方法有多种，最重要的是要进行科学有效地重复复习，克服 单词的自然遗忘。我们要在记忆中复习，在复习中记忆，一步一步层层推进。通 过练习加深对单词的理解和运用。在整个过程中同学们最需要克服的是浮躁的心 理，只有充分经历了这种阵痛，才能尽情地享受收获的喜悦，才会有那种无尽的 幸福感。