解析：山东省潍坊市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末统考英语试题(解析版).docx

高二英语注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂mt o如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在 本试卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题L5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅 读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What are the speakers doing?A. Having a rest. B. Climbing up a hill. C. Waiting for someone.2. When did the man see Jim?A. At 3 o'clock. B. At 4 o'clock. C. At 5 o*clock.3. What does the woman mean?A. Andy finished his homework. B. Andy lost his workbook. C. Andy lied to the man.4. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a theater. B. Tn a shop. C. In a children's park.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. A teacher. B. A movie C. A task.第二节（共15小题;每小题L5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项 中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小 题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What is the man like?A. He is unfashionable.B. He is impolite.C. He is unsociable.14. How does Ted feel about the future of the glacier?A. Unconcerned.B. Confused.C. Uncertain.D. Worried.15. In which section of a website can this text be found?A. Energy Frontier.B. Earth Observatory.C. Climate Action.D. Space Exploration.【答案】12.C13. B 14. D 15. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了南极洲的思韦茨冰川浮冰量在过去30年里增加了一倍，引起 了人们的关注。文章通过两张照片来解释了这一变化，并说明了科学家对此的看法。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段 “Antarctica's Thwaites Glacier has been in the spotlight in recent years, as scientists have undertaken a multi-part international project to study the vast glacier from all angles. The urgency comes from observations and analyses showing that the amount of ice flowing from Thwaites-and contributing to sea level risehas doubled in the past three decades. Scientists think the glacier could witness even more dramatic changes in the near future.（南极洲的思韦茨冰川近年来一直是人们关注的焦点，因为科学家们已经开始了一项由多 个部分组成的国际项目，从各个角度研究这片巨大的冰川。这种紧迫性来自于观察和分析，这些观察和分 析表明，从思韦特流出的冰的数量在过去30年里增加了一倍，而这些冰是导致海平面上升的因素之一。 科学家们认为，在不久的将来，冰川可能会经历更剧烈的变化）”可知，浮冰量变化让南极洲的思韦茨冰川 成为人们关注的焦点。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段 “This image pair demonstrates the changes that have occurred since the start of this century. The first image shows the glaciefs floating ice tongue on December 2, 2001. The second image shows the glacier on December 28, 2019. Both images show the glacier where it exits the land in West Antarctica and stretches over the Amundsen Sea as thick floating ice. Ice that originates on land can raise sea level if it is delivered to the ocean at a faster rate than it is being replaced inland by snowfall. The flow speed of Thwaites has been increasing, while inland snowfall has not changed signiEcantly.（这对图像展示了 自本世纪初以来发生的变化。 第一张图片显示的是2001年12月2日冰川漂浮的冰舌。第二张照片显示的是2019年12月28日的冰川。 这两张图片都显示了冰川离开南极洲西部的陆地，以厚厚的浮冰的形式延伸到阿蒙森海。如果陆地上的冰 以更快的速度流入海洋，而不是被降雪取代，那么海平面就会升高。思韦茨地区的降雪速度一直在增加， 而内陆降雪变化不明显）”可推知，第二段的作用是解释照片，故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “ "What the satellites are showing us is a glacier coming apart," said Ted Scambos.“Every few years a new area seems to be letting go and speeding. Like taffy being stretched out, this glacier is being drawn into the ocean.”（Ted Scambos说：“卫星向我们显示的是冰川正在分离。每隔几年，似乎就会有 一个新的领域出现并加速发展。就像太妃糖被拉长一样，这座冰川正被拖进海洋。”）”可推知，泰德对冰 川的未来感到担忧。故选D。【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段 “Antarctica's Thwaites Glacier has been in the spotlight in recent years, as scientists have undertaken a multi-part international project to study the vast glacier from all angles. The urgency comes fromobservations and analyses showing that the amount of ice flowing from Thwaites一and contributing to sea level risehas doubled in the past three decades. Scientists think the glacier could witness even more dramatic changesin the near future.（南极洲的思韦茨冰川近年来一直是人们关注的焦点，因为科学家们已经开始了一项由多个部分组成的国际项目，从各个角度研究这片巨大的冰川。这种紧迫性来自于观察和分析，这些观察和分 析表明，从思韦特流出的冰的数量在过去30年里增加了一倍，而这些冰是导致海平面上升的因素之一。科学家们认为，在不久的将来，冰川可能会经历更剧烈的变化）”结合文章主要说明了南极洲的思韦茨冰川浮冰量在过去30年里增加了一倍，引起了人们的关注。文章通过两张照片来解释了这一变化，并说明了 科学家对此的看法。可推知，文章可能选自网站的“气候行动”部分。故选C。第二节（共5小题海小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。Some people have a dependency on an afternoon nap. 16 It can also help them feel more alert （机敏 的）for the afternoon ahead. Even Boris Johnson supposedly favors a power nap during his work day. WinstonChurchill, Albert Einstein, and Leonardo Da Vinci were all famous nappers.Napping is a great way to feel more rested and alert-and some research shows it car benefit our cognitive function. 17 If you need to be alert right after waking up, so-called "power naps" of 10-30 minutes are recommended.While short naps are great for increasing energy, longer naps are more beneficial for learning. According to the research, they improve activation of the hippocampus-an area of the brain important for learning and memory.1819 Ids possible that they help the brain clean up sleep-inducing （诱导睡眠的）waste products that would otherwise hold up brain activity, and that they refill the brain's energy stores. Short naps may also help improve your attention by letting particularly sleepy areas of the brain recover, hence preventing instability in the brain*s networks.Although napping has many positive short-term effects, they are not recommended for people who suffer from insomnia （失眠症）.Because naps decrease sleepiness, they may make it harder to fall asleep when going to bed in the evening. 20 For instance, if the best performance is needed instantly afterwards, don't nap, as it may take some time to fully wake up.A. But many more prefer not toIt is to catch up on lost sleep.B. How has napping become so popular?C. Naps should also be avoided in some situationsWhy short naps are so beneficial is not well understoodD. However, you may want to consider how long you have to nap.E. A one-to-two-hour nap benefits both motor skills and memory abilities.【答案】16.B17. F 18. G 19. E 20. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了打盹的好处。【16题详解】根据下句“It can also help them feel more alert （机敏的）for the afternoon ahead.（午休也有助于人们下午感觉 更加机敏厂可知空格处是在讲午休的一个好处。根据相似结构可知B.It is to catch up on lost sleep.（它能补上 失去的睡眠）符合语境，故选Bo【17题详解】根据下句“If you need to be alert right after waking up, so-called “power naps11 of 10-30 minutes are recommended. （如果你醒来后需要变得机敏，你最好休息10到30分钟户可知，空格处将补充休息时间。F. However, you may want to consider how long you have to nap.（然而你可能要考虑你打盹的时间长短）符合语境。故选F。【18题详解】根据上句"According to the research, they improve activation of the hippocampusan area of the brain important for learning and memory.（研究表明：它们都能改善大脑中的学习和记忆区域）”可知，选项承接上文说明打 盹对记忆力和学习的益处。故 G.A one-to-two-hour nap benefits both motor skills and memory abilities. （1 到 2 个小时的午休对人的学习技能和记忆力都有好处广符合语境。故选Go【19题详解】根据下句"Its possible that they help the brain clean up sleep-inducing （诱导睡眠的）waste products that would otherwise hold up brain activity,（它们可能帮助大脑清理抑制大脑活动的诱导睡眠的废物厂可知此处分析打盹 有好处的可能性原因，因此推知本段句首会提出疑问。因此E. Why short naps are so beneficial is not wellunderstood（为什么短时间打盹如此有益还不清楚）符合语境。故选E。【20题详解】 根据下句"For instance, if the best performance is needed instantly afterwards, don*t nap,（如果表演马上开始，此时不要打盹）”可知在有些情况下，打盹是不合适的。SI 1th D. Naps should also be avoided in some situations（在有些情况下，打吨应该被避免）符合语境。故选D。第三部分语言运用（共三节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A, B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Residents and emergency workers recovering from destruction caused by deadly tornadoes on December 10 in Kentucky recently had some support from White County. As many throughout the region 21 swiftly to provide aid to the affected communities, Cleveland police officer Justin Baldwin was among those 22 to help.Baldwin 23 to take a carload of supplies to Kentucky for the relief efforts and told his coworkers about his 24 on Monday before leaving. As word of his plan 25 beyond the police department, strangers started donating money, supplies and their time to the 26, Water bottles, snacks and large cans of vegetables,as well as a （n）27 amount of monetary （货币的）donations 28. The officer also 29 to seewhat was needed most in Kentucky. Then he went and bought four or five hundred dollars9 worth of children's medicine.By last Thursday, Baldwin had to 30 seats out of a 15-passenger van （面包车）to load the donations for 31 in a weekend trip. Mayfield High School has been turned into a distribution center to provide32. Baldwin decided that would be the 33 place to set up his van to reach people.Baldwin stayed in Kentucky for three days, 34 by the amount of generosity he witnessed in the county. Multiple trucks were waiting to come in people were very generous and a lot of people had felt a35 to do something.21.A.shiftedB.movedC.flewD.settled22.A.determined.B.discouragedC.permittedD.expected23.A.managedB.proceededC.plannedD.hesitated24.A.doubtB.fearC.demandD.idea25.A.spreadB.failedC.changedD.delayed26.A.roleB.departmentC.causeD.innovation27.A.substantialB.crucialC.influentialD.partial28.A.poured inB.swept awayC.gave wayD.ran out29.A.exploredB.checkedC.intendedD.applied30.A.repairB.produceC.deliverD.remove31.A.exchangeB.entertainmentC.consumptionD.transport32.A.sheltersB.belongingsC.giftsD.essentials33.A.safeB.idealC.distantD.legal34.A.worn outB.blown awayC.brought to lifeD.cast down35.A.panicB.reliefC.callingD.challenge【答案】2LB 22. A23. C 24. D25. A26. C 27. A28. A29. B 30. D27.A.substantialB.crucialC.influentialD.partial28.A.poured inB.swept awayC.gave wayD.ran out29.A.exploredB.checkedC.intendedD.applied30.A.repairB.produceC.deliverD.remove31.A.exchangeB.entertainmentC.consumptionD.transport32.A.sheltersB.belongingsC.giftsD.essentials33.A.safeB.idealC.distantD.legal34.A.worn outB.blown awayC.brought to lifeD.cast down35.A.panicB.reliefC.callingD.challenge【答案】2LB 22. A23. C 24. D25. A26. C 27. A28. A29. B 30. DD 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. C31.【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲了一名警察采取行动，帮助遭受龙卷风袭击的地区的人们。21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于整个地区的许多人迅速采取行动向受影响的社区提供援助，克利夫兰警察 贾斯汀鲍德温是那些决心提供帮助的人之一。A. shifted转移；B. moved采取行动；C.flew飞；D. settled 解决。本句"to provide aid"可知大家迅速采取行动,提供帮助，故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于整个地区的许多人迅速采取行动向受影响的社区提供援助，克利夫兰警 察贾斯汀鲍德温是那些决心提供帮助的人之一。A. determined下定决心的；B. discouraged气馁的；C.permitted允许的；D. expected预期的。本句umoved swiftly to provide aid?,可知大家迅速采取行动，提供 帮助，大家都决心帮助，故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：鲍德温计划将一车物资带到肯塔基州进行救援工作，并在周一离开前告诉了他 的同事他的想法。A. managed管理；B. proceeded进行；C.planned计划；D. hesitated犹豫不决。本句“on Monday before leaving”可知在出发之前他打算这样做，故选Co【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲍德温计划将一车物资带到肯塔基州进行救援工作，并在周一离开前告诉了他 的同事他的想法。A. doubt怀疑;B. fear恐惧；C.demand需求;D. idea主意。本句“told his coworkers” 可知他把他的计划告诉了他的同事，故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着他的计划的消息传到警察局之外，陌生人开始为这项事业捐赠金钱、物资 和时间。A. spread 传播；B. failed 失败；C. changed 改变；D. delayed 延迟。本句 "strangers started donating money”可知陌生人捐钱，因为陌生人听说了他的计划，他的计划传开了，故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着他的计划的消息传到警察局之外，陌生人开始为这项事业捐赠金钱、物资 和时间。A. role 角色；B. department 部门;C. cause事业;D. innovation 革新。上文 “Cleveland police officer Justin Baldwin was among those determined to help”可知他要提供帮助，这是一项伟大的事业，故选 Co【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：水瓶、零食和大罐蔬菜，以及大量的货币捐款涌入。A. substantial大量的；B. crucial至关重要的；C.influential有影响的；D. partial部分的。本句“amount”可知这笔钱是一大笔 钱，故选A。28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：水瓶、零食和大罐蔬菜，以及大量的货币捐款涌入。A. poured in涌入；B. swept away 扫除；C. gave way 让位；D. ran out 用完。本句 u Water bottles, snacks and large cans of vegetables, as well as a substantial amount of monetary donationsn 可矢口，止匕处指大家的捐款下子都涌来了， 故选Ao【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该官员还检查了肯塔基州最需要什么。A. explored探索；B. checked检查；C. intended打算；D.applied应用。本句to see what was needed most in Kentucky v可知这位警官要去核实最 需要的物品是什么，故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：到上周四，鲍德温不得不从一辆可容纳15人的面包车上拆下座位，以便在周 末旅行中装载捐赠的交通工具。A. repair修理;B. produce生产；C.deliver运送;D.remove消除。本句seats out of a 15-passenger van （面包车）to load the donations”可知他要把面包车里的座位都拆掉，腾出空 间来装载东西，故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：到上周四，鲍德温不得不从一辆可容纳15人的面包车上拆下座位，以便在周 末旅行中装载捐赠的交通工具。A. exchange交换；B. entertainment娱乐；C. consumption消费；D. transport 运输。本句in a weekend tripv可知他要运东西上路，故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：梅菲尔德高中已经变成了提供必需品的配送中心。A. shelters避难所；B. belongings财物；C.gifts礼物；D. essentials必需品。本句distribution centerv可知配送中心在灾区会配 送一些最基本的生活必需品，故选D。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：鲍德温认为那将是设置他的面包车以接触人们的理想场所。A. safe安全的； B. ideal 理想的；C. distant 遥远的；D. legal 合法的。上句 distribution center to provide essentials v 可知配 送中心对这个景观来说是一个理想的地方，它可以在这里分发他募捐的一些东西，故选B。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：鲍德温在肯塔基州待了三天，被他在该县目睹的慷慨大度所震撼。A. worn out 磨损；B. blown away 感动；C. brought to life 苏醒；D. cast down 投下。本句 the amount of generosity he witnessed"可知他见到了很多慷慨事件的发生，他很感动，故选B。35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：多辆卡车正等着进来人们非常慷慨，很多人都感到有做某事的呼召。A. panic 恐慌;B. relief 宽慰；C. calling 呼唤;D. challenge 挑战。本句 "to do something v 可知人们很慷慨， 感到某种东西在召唤他们，必须做点什么来帮助这些受灾的人，故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。For many people, bookstores remain an important part of the cityscape. They provide quiet and comforting spots for you 36(refresh) the mind and body. But can you imagine 37 it is like to have acontemporary bookstore in an ancient village, deep in the mountains?38(found) in the city of Nanjing in 1996, Librairie Avant-Garde is a well-known bookstore brandin China. Since its 39 (establish) , it has explored a cultural and creative business model, whose themes range from cultural salon or coffee and art gallery 40 elements of film, music, lifestyle and fashion.One of its branches in Chenjiapu village in Lishui city, Zhejiang province, 41 (cover) 300 square meters with about 30,000 books and related products. The store, located in a corner of the village, receives up to 50,000 visitors during the busiest travel season, with income this year already 42 (hit) 1.5 million yuan ($234,600).The bookstore in Chenjiapu has become 43 must-see attraction. Chenjiapu 44 (it) is being praised as a demonstration zone for closing urban-rural development gaps and achieving common prosperity (繁 荣).The latest development efforts and achievements, including its "cliffside bookstore*1, show how the area is45（gradual） realizing its green, common prosperity dream, in line with the major concept that "lucidwaters and lush mountains are invaluable assets （资产）【答案】36. to refresh37. what 38. Founded39. establishmentto 41. covers42. hittinga 44. itself45. gradually【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南京先锋书店的一家位于浙江省丽水市陈家铺村的分店成为一 个必看景点，也被誉为一个缩小城乡发展和共同繁荣示范区。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们为你提供安静舒适的场所，让你提神醒脑。根据句意和分析句子可知， provide为句子谓语，设空处需用不定式作目的状语。故填to refresh。【37题详解】考查连接词。句意：但是你能想象在一个古老的深山里的村庄，有一家当代的书店是什么感觉？分析句子 可知，设空处需用关系词引导宾语从句，根据句意“是什么感觉”可知，需用what作从句中介词like的宾 语。故填what。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1996年，创建于南京城，南京先锋书店是一个在中国众所周知的书店品牌。分析 句子可知，Librairie Avant-Garde为句子主语，is为句子谓语，设空处需用非谓语动词，再根据句意“（被）创建于南京城”可知，动词found与主语为动宾关系，需用过去分词作状语，表示被动意义。因 为放于句首，故首字母需大写。故填Founded。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：从它创建