译林版初中英语八年级上册全册各单元重点短语、句型、语法.docx

译林版初中英语八年级上册全册各单元重点短语、句型、语法整理八上Unitl Friends重点短语、句型、语法整理一、重点短语、句型：1 .饥饿 be hungry 一些喝的东西 something to drink 一些吃的东西 something to eat.再要一些食物some more food 数词+more = another + 数词ten more minutes= another ten minutes 还要十分钟.关心 care about 使我开心 make me happy 提供某人的快乐 share one ' s joy2 .保密 keep a secret= keep secrets keep a diary = keep diaries t己日 T已.一个老实的男孩an honest boy a dishonest boy 一个不老实的男孩have problems （复数）（in） doing sth. = have trouble（ 不可数）（in） doing sth. = have difficulty（ 不可 数）（in） doing sth.做某事有困难believe what he says = believe his words 相信他所说的话3 .撒谎 tell lies/tell a lie（tell stories/tell a story 讲故事 tell jokes/tell a joke 讲笑话）lie v.动词，躺/卧 lie laylainn.名词，谎话/谎言 tell lies说谎.我最好的朋友之一one of my best friendsone of +形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式表示：最之一.乐意做某事 be willing to do sth = be ready to do sth4 .与某人提供某物share sth with sb.把座位给需要的人give one ' s seat to someone in need5 .have a good voice嗓音甜美 voice嗓音 sound自然界一切的声音noise噪音.长大 grow up6 .戴着小而圆的眼镜wear small round glasses.使他看起来神气 make him look smartmake sb/sth +adj,使某人某物看起来 （怎么样）adj.（形容词）作宾语补足语.具有彳艮女子的幽默感have a good sense of humour = be （very） humorous7 .讲有趣的笑话 tell funny jokes使我大笑 make me laugh 使某人做某事 make sb do sth.8 .（人）感到无聊feel bored（事物）boring meeting乏味的会议.走过我们的学桌walk past our desks把某物撞到地板上 knock sth. onto the floor.说任何人的坏话say a bad word about someone a true friend 一位真诚的朋友某事困扰某人something worries sb （复合不定代词做主语，谓语动词用三单）something important重要的事情（修饰复合不定代词的形容词只能放在后面）复合不定代词（简称：复不定）考点口诀：“复不定是三单，修饰成分放后边。 ”.对某人友善 be kind / friendly to sb想将来成为一名歌手want to be a singer in the future(2)Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。其否认式为 not as/so +adj./ adv. +aso 例如：This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。假设有修饰成分，如 twice, three times, half, a quarter等，那么须置于第一个as之前。例如：Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍。 几个关于as.as的常见句型：(1)as.as possible Please answer my question as soon as possible请尽快回答我的问题。(2)as.as usual/before She looks as pretty as before.她看起来和以前一样漂亮。(3)as long as(引导条件状语从句)It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan.我们花了长达三年的时间才完成这项计 划。(4)as far asHe walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.昨天黄昏，他一直散步到火车站。(5)as well as She cooks as well as her mother does.她烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。一些带有as.as结构的常见短语归纳：as busy as a bee像蜜蜂一样忙碌as easy as ABC 像 ABC 一样容易 as deep as a well像井一样深as light as a feather 像羽毛一样轻 as soft as butter像黄油一样软as rich as a Jew像犹太人一样富裕反身代词反身代词 myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves, 可以作表语、 宾 语、同位语，但不能做主语help yourself/yourselves to请随便吃些、自取食物by oneself = alone 单独 say to oneself 自言自语 dress oneself 给自己穿衣服 for oneself亲自、替自己 hide oneself把自己藏起来 enjoy oneself玩得很高兴 teach oneself 自学 =learn sth by oneself八上Unit 4 Do it yourself重点短语、句型、语法整理一、重点短语、句型：1 .Here are clear instructions 这儿是清楚的说明.What's next ?下一步是什么?2 .had better do sth最好做某事 had better not do sth最好不做某事.be popular among sb 受某人欢迎1.1 t says. 上面写着 .DIY = do it yourself6 .stand for 代表.repair or decorate things 修理或装饰东西8 .instead of (doing) sth 代替，而不是.pay sb to do sth付钱给某人做某事1010 .make some paper roses 做些名氏玫瑰.a pair of scissors 副剪刀11 .make something new 做新的东西.be crazy about 着迷于12 .look terrible 看起来可怕（terribly adv.）.look/sound/ taste/ smell /feel （摸上去）+ adj.构成系表结构17 .He once （曾经）tried to put in a brighter light in his bedroom . once a year 一年一次.put in a brighter light安装一盏更亮一些的灯putin安装，插话18 .make a mistake 犯错误 make mistakes.his whole house他的整个房子19 .have a power cut停电,供电中断.put up a picture on the wall张贴一张照片在墙上put away把某物收好20 .hit the pipe 碰到管道24,fillwith 用装满be filled with = be full of 装满，充满.keep on doing sth不停地做某事26 .not only - but （also）不但而且（就近原那么）Not only you but also he speaks French well.27 .one end of the shelf 架子的一端.much higher than the other 远高于另一端29 .advise sb （not） to do sth 建议某人（不）做某事give sb some advice给某人一些建议.take a course in DIY 上/参加一个 DIY 的课程30 .attend lessons/ a meeting上课/参加会议.fail to do sth未能做某事31 .get better at DIY 在DIY 方面变得更好.paint the walls blue 把墙涂成蓝色32 .make a sentence 造句37.on the other side of the card 在卡片的另一边 learn more about 更多地了解38 .doa DIYjob 做一件 DIY 工作.how to make a fruit salad 怎样做水果色拉39 .mix them together把它们混合在一起.add some sugar to the milk 增加一些糖到牛奶里40 .cut.into pieces 把切成片 /块.some tips 一些提示44 .make sure确信,确保.for example 例如1.1 leave it in the air for some time 使它留在空气中一段时间leave it to me留给我吧leave sth + 形容词/副词使某物处于某种状态leave the door open 让门开着leave the light11 on让灯开着I in leaving for Sydney next week.下周我动身至U悉尼去.Can I leave my bike here?我能把自行车存在这么？I left my homework at home,我把作业遗忘在家里了.1.5 stop doing sth停止做某事 stop to do sth停下来去做另外一件事.That's correct 那就对了48 .do outdoor sports估攵户夕卜运动stay at home all day 整天呆在家里all night 整夜 all day and all night 日日夜夜1.51 leep with all that noise 伴随着噪音睡觉.be able to fix the bicycle 能修理自行车be （un）certain about sth.对某事（不）确定 I'm certain that I can fix it myself/ It 's certain that.52 .fix the shelf 安装架子.all over the floor 遍地53 .tidy up收拾，整理.right now立刻，马上54 .decide to do sth 决定做某事.make her a birthday card 为她做生日卡片55 .buy / make / repair / prepare sb. sth. = buy / make / repair / prepare sth. for sb. 给某人买 /制作/ 修理/准备某物.by oneself = alone = on one s own 独 自56 .keep it secret 将它保密.help sb （to ）do sth. = help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事57 .have fun doing = have a good time doing 做某事很开心lt took me two hours to finish = I spent two hours finishing 花费了我两个小时完成65 .go wrong出错，出故障；走错路.keep doing sth.一直做某事67.spell the words wrong 拼错单词 spell （ v） spelling （n） make spelling mistakes 犯拼写错误68.colour the roses red把玫瑰涂成红色（动词）colourful （形容词）69.cut out 剪出70.stick it on the cover （过去式stuck）将它粘在封面上71 plete the card 完成卡片（v 完成;adj 完全的一adv. completely 完全地）.make sb sth = make sth for sb 为某人制作某物72 .make things from old clothes 用旧衣服做东西二、语法：一、动词过去式的不规那么变化cutcutstick-stuck putput buybought spellspelled / spelt（详见教材附录：不规那么动词原形、过去式、过去分词变化表）二、名词12A、不可数名词 ，小心哦！glue electricity furniture (a piece of furniture) ham saladB、可数名词 instruction tool mistake spoon rose sentence tapeC、本身为复数名词scissors( a pair of scissors) pants clothes shorts-D、意思决定可数还是不可数tape胶带（不可数），磁带（可数）三、副词 exactly clearly properly terribly however四、介词 aboveThere are clouds above the plane.（反义词:below）over There is a bridge over the river.五、否认前缀un- incertain uncertainimportant-unimportantpatient- impatient六、否认后缀 -less(反义词：im-interesting uninterestingactive-inactivepossible impossibleuseful uselessunder)comfortable uncomfortablecorrect-incorrectpolite - impolitecareful- careless祈使句1 .祈使句的概念表示请求、命令、建议、祝愿、邀请或要求的句子叫祈使句。用于祈使句句首的动词总是 用原形，不能用其他形式。如：Shut the door!把门关上！ Have a cup of coffee!喝杯咖啡吧！Let them go by train.叫他们坐火车去吧。祈使句的主语通常为第二人称（you）,但一般都被省略，只有在特殊的情况下才把主语（you）补充出来。如：You be quiet!你安静！ You go and tell him, Chris. 克立斯，你去告诉他。You wait here for a moment.你在这儿等一会儿。有时祈使句的主语也可以是everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody等不定代词。如：Stand up, everybody!全体起立！ Nobody move.任何人都不许动。2 .祈使句表示强调为了加强祈使句的语气，我们通常是在祈使句的动词原形前加上助动词do,此时通常译为“一定”“务夕等。如：Do be careful.务必要小心。Do have some more tea.一定再喝点茶。 Do let me go.一定让我 去。副词never和always有时可用于祈使句句首，表示强调。如：Never do that again.再不要这样做了。 Always look in the mirror before starting to drive. 一定 要先看看反光镜再开车。3 .祈使句的否认式构成祈使句否认式的方法很简单，那就是在动词原形前加 don' t不管祈使句所用的动词为什么性质动词，情况都是一样。如：Open the window.把窗户翻开。 f Don, t open the window.别把窗户翻开。Come next Monday.下周星期一来。一Don' t come next Monday.下周星期一别来。对于以let us或let '开s头的祈使句，其否认式通常是在不定式之前放一个noto如：13Let ' s tell him the truth.我们把实情告诉他吧。Let ' s not tell him the truth.我们不要把实情告诉他。4 .祈使句与连用please为了使祈使句的语气变得委婉，我们可以在祈使句的句首或句末加上please假设加在句首，其后不用逗号；假设加在句末，那么通常会在please前加一个逗号。如：Step this way, please.请这边走。Please type your letter.请把你的信打出来。 Open the window, please.请把窗户翻开。 如果是否认祈使句，那么通常将please力口在don' t之前。如：Please don ' t get ang请不要生气。Please don' t telephone before 8 a. m.早 8 点以前请不要 打 。5 .祈使句的时间概念祈使句所表示的时间总是指将来，所以与它连用的句子原那么上要用将来时态来与它呼应。如：Give me a hand, will you? 帮我一个忙，好吗 ？由于give me a hand表示隐含将来意义，所以句中的 will you不能改为do you0 Try again and you w川succeed. 你再试就会成功。由于句中的try again隐含将来意义，所以句中用了 you will succeed ,而不是you succeedo Don' t do that again or you ' II be刷廊）他那个了，否那么你会有麻烦。句中的don' t dothat again指的是以后不要再干那事了，由于隐含有将来意义，所所以句中 用了 you' II be in trouble, 而没有用 you are in trouble o.祈使句的省略一般说来，祈使句总是要以动词原形开头，但是，在某些特殊情况下，我们可以只用一个 词或短语来表示祈使句的意义。如：Just a few please.请给几个就行了。A little more slowly please. 再慢一点。A pound of butter.给我一磅黄油。Two teas and four coffees, please.请来两杯茶和四杯咖啡。had better, should, ought to 用法had better, should, ought to均为提建议型情态动词，常用来劝告别人去做某事，没有人称和 数的变化，学习时应注意以下几点：一、掌握基本用法had better, should, ought to含义及语气有所不同，请看下表：14情翻同含义语气备注had better最好最弱should与 ought to 常可通用should应该较弱ought to应该最强二、掌握创新用法should可表竟然，强调惊讶的情绪。I can't imagine this problem should be so easy.我想像不出这个问题竟然这么容易。had better也可改为had best ,其意义和用法不变。I'm busy now, so you had best go there alone.我现在很忙，所以你最好单独去那儿。三、掌握句型变换方法had better, should, ought to均属于助动词，其疑问句、否认句及反意疑问句的构成均在自身 形式上做变化。1 .变成否认句方法had better do 否认式为 had better not do, should do 否认式为 should not do 或 shouldn't do, ought to do 否认式为 ought not to do 或 oughtn't to do o2 .变成一般疑问句方法had better, should, ought to构成一般疑问句时应分别将 had, should, ought提到句首，其肯定 与否认回答为had / hadn't, should / shouldn't, ought / oughtn't o3 .变成反意疑问句方法had better, should, ought to 构成反意疑问句时通常使用 had / hadn't, should / shouldn't, ought / oughtn't 形式。She had better water the flowers as soon as possible, hadn't she?她最好尽快给花浇水，不是吗？All of us should take an active part in this activity, shouldn't we?我们都应该积极参加这次活动，不是吗？15They oughtn't to go fishing in this river, ought / should they?他们不该在这条河里钓鱼，是吗？八上Unit 5 Wild animals重点短语、句型、语法整理一、重点短语、句型：I.Wild animals are free and happy.野生动物是自由和快乐的 .2.1 don ' t think戟不这么认为.3.become dishes on the table any time 随时成为餐桌上的菜4.Could/Would/Alyouplease（not）dosth? 请你（不）做某事好吗？5.So could you please not eat them?请您不要吃它们，好吗？6 .No way不可能，没门.have/take pity on 同情，怜悯8.in fact实际上，事实上.the kings of the animal world 动物世界之王9 .call her Xi Wang 叫她希望.What does the word mean ? = What' nehoef n+eeaAod ?10 .be born出生（多用过去时）.look like a white mouse 看起来像小白鼠14.at four months old 在四个月大时 at the age of 在岁时 at birth出生时15.weigh about eight kilograms 重约八千克16.start/begin to go outside for the first time 开始第一次走出去17.eight months later八个月后（用于过去时）18.1 n the beginning = at first 开始,起初 at the beginning of 在开始的时候learn to look after herself 学会照顾她自己20 .face serious problems 面临严重的问题.have babies 生孩子21 .mainly live on 主要以食 为生 It will be mainly sunny and dry today.22 .become smaller and smaller 变得越来越少（larger and larger）.as a result结果，因此（单独使用后面一般用逗号隔开）as a result of由于He worked hard at his study, as a result, he passed the exam easily.=As a result of hard work , he passed the exam easily.23 .be in danger处于危险中 out of danger脱离危险 dangerous形容词“危险的”.take action （to do sth）采取行动（做）某事27,right away 立刻，马上.build more panda reserves建更多的熊猫自然保护区build the tent for sb为某人搭建帐篷28 .make laws to protect pandas 制定法律来保护熊猫do something to protect animals;do what I can to help him 尽我所能去帮助他1629 . If we do nothing ,soon there may be none left!(补充 None of the students was/were late for school).at birth 在出生时 =when sb was born30 .How much did you weigh at birth? = What was your weight when you were born ?31 .go towards the water 朝水边走去.stand with its eyes closed (adj)眼睛闭着站着35,work it out计算，解决(代词放中间).decide to fly the right way 决定飞正确的路线 fly flewflies; fly away; decide decision36 .with the help of sb=with one 在某 晚耦助下37 .get lost = lose one 迷 路 way.the same +名词 as 相同的Bees always remember the same way as they went 蜜蜂总是记得按原路返回. save some food before winter comes 在冬季来临之前储存一些食物save one ' s life(lives)38 .live alone 单独生活.run for a short while 跑一会儿42 .hunters catch tigers for their fur, bones or other parts of the body 猎人因为老虎的皮、骨头或 身体的其他局部而抓/猎杀它们.thick fur/fog 厚实的皮毛/浓雾43 .smell things far away 闻到遥远的东西.run for hours without stopping 不停地跑数小时46 .lose living areas失去生存区域.People kill wolves because they think wolves are dangerous to humans 人们杀死狼因为他们 认为狼对人类是危险的48 .work as a team 作为一个团队而工作.killforfun 以杀戮取乐49 .fewer and fewer living areas 越来越少的生存区域.Yours sincerely 你的真诚的1.1 lt ' s a great pity ! = What a pity真遗憾sell the animals卖 动物fu的皮 sell out 卖完55 .What a shame!真可耻.We shouldn ，t buy fur coats any mo我们不应该再买皮外套1.1 1 think everybody should act to protect wild animals. 我认为每个人应该行动起来去保护野生 动物.have feelings of happiness and sadness 有快乐和悲伤的感觉58 .accept our invitation接受我们的邀请 accept表示主观的接受receive表示客观上收到.have wonderful paintings of wild animals有野生动物精彩的绘画59 .thank you for your kindness 感谢你们的善良.a report on an animal in danger 一个关于处于危险中动物的报告1760 .eat plants and insects 吃植物和昆虫.move around slowly in the daytime 在白天到处慢慢地移动61 .sleep through the winter 整个冬天睡觉.seldom hurt people 很少伤害人67.We should take action to stop this .Otherwise , there may be no bears left in the world.我们应该采取行动阻止这个，否那么，世界上可能没有熊剩下了二、语法：一、动词+不定式to do常见的动词有：start/begin, learn, agree, decide, fail forget, hope, plan, prepare, remember, try, want,choose ,wish 不定式作宾语1）有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为动词+不定式。The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。He offered to help me.他表示愿意帮助我。2）有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语，还用不定式作补语，即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。I like to keep everything.我喜欢保存一切。I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。3）有些动词或动词词组可以用动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。例如:Please show us how to do that.不定式作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。不定式作定语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家时）两手空空。二、情态动词 may和might的用法1、表示允许（1）表示请求允许（即请求别人允许自己做某事），两者都可用，只是 might表示的语气较委婉（但并不表示过去）。如：May I come round in the morning? 我早上来行吗 ?I wonder if I might use your phone. 不知可否用一下你的 。I ' d like to ask a question if I may.如果可以的话，我想提个问题。（2）表示给予允许（即自己允许别人做某事），只用能 may而不能用might。如：You may stop now.你现在可以停下来了。You may leave when you ' ve什nis保做完以后就可以走。You may not tell him this. 你不可以告诉他这件事。注意，might表示允许通常不表示过去，但是在间接引语（即宾语从句）中可以用作 may的过去式来转述已给予的允许。如：She said that he might take her dictionary.她说他可以拿她的词典去用。182、表示推测两者都可用，只是 might比may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小（注意此时的might并不表过去）。在句型使用方面：may通常用于肯定句或否认陈述句，一般不用于疑问句（疑问句中用can,参见can）,而might那么可用于肯定句、否认句或疑问句。在用法方面注意 以下几点：后接动词原形，表示对现在或将来的推测。如：He may might be in his office now. 他现在说不定在办公室里。Might he know the answer? 他可能知道答案吗 ？三、后缀-ing, -ness ,-ion 将动词或形容词变成名词mean-meaning feel-feeling meet-meeting hunt-hunting begin-beginning shop-shopping ill-illness kind -kindness sick-sickness dark-darkness sad-sadness happy-happiness act actiondiscussdiscussionprotect protection decidedecision invite invitationcelebrate celebration八上Unit 6 Birdwatching重点短语、句型、语法整理一、重点短语、句型：1. go to the market to watch the birds/ go birdwatching at the market 去市场观鸟the birds at the market 在市场的鸟2. What do cranes look like? = What are cranes like? = How do cranes look ? 鹤长什么样？3. have long legs and a long thin neck 有长腿和细长的脖子How many types of cranes are th