外教社新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列（修订版）：综合教程（第3版） 第1册 Unit 6 Lecture Notes.docx

Unit 6 A Debt to DickensTB 1 Unit 6Section One Pre-reading ActivitiesLead-inActivity 1Watch the movie clip and answer the following questions.1. If you were the boy in the movie clip, how would you like to save yourself? Open question.2. Nowadays, many children are trafficked. What can we do to prevent this crime?A: 1) to establish a database of all the citizens5 DNA;2) to remind the parents of safeguarding their children carefully;3) to punish harshly the criminals who traffic the children.Activity 2Charles Dickens is acclaimed for his rich storytelling and unforgettable characters. Here are six of his notable novels. Can you match their titles with their brief descriptions given below?Oliver TwistGreat ExpectationsA Tale of Two CitiesHard TimesThe Pickwick PapersDavid Copperfield4) It is an autobiographical novel about a young man's uncommon life experiences from an unhappy and impoverished childhood to the discovery of his vocation as a successful novelist.5) It is a story of an orphan, who leads a miserable existence and falls into the hands of a gang of juvenile pickpockets. It is notable for its portrayal of criminals as well as exposure of the cruel treatment of many street children in London in the mid-19th century.6) It is a historical novel, set in the late 18lh century against the background of the French Revolution. It is best known for its opening lines: "It was the best of times; it was theIt is Dickens's first novel, a comic masterpiece, containing a sequence of adventures of a four-member travelling society, the unusual tales they hear and the remarkable characters they meet in their travels throughout English countryside.7) It features a schoolmaster, who bans fancy and wonder from any young minds. The primary goal of the novel is to illustrate the dangers of allowing humans to become like machines. It is also a bitter indictment of industrialization, with its dehumanizing effects on workers.8) It depicts the personal growth and development of a boy, from his early childhood to adulthood, attempting to become a gentleman. The theme of the novel includes wealth and poverty, love and rejection, and the eventual triumph of good over evil.learned to accept the cry of foreign devil, and to realize she was a foreign devil.3. What is the message that is stressed in the second paragraph?A: The message emphasized in Paragraph 2 is as follows: While living in that remote rural area, the writer as a small child was very alien to the people about her, who laughed playfully at her yellow curls and blue eyes, which were thought of as ugly and even unfortunate.4. What is the message that is repeatedly emphasized?A: The repeated message is that as she grew into a bigger child, she still felt that she was alien and foreign to the people around.5. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?A: The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that as she still felt alien, and as her parents were too busy to pay any heed to her, she longed very much to have her own folk to play with, but she had none.Words and Expressionspicture v. imagine sb. or sth. by making an image in one's mind; form a mental picture of sb. or sth.; (usu. passive) describe sb. or sth. in a particular way e.g. I tried to picture the place, but could not.我尽力想象那个地方，但想不出来。We lost a great person and we still can't picture or realize that he's gone.我们失去了一个大好人，我们依然无法想象他已经离开了我们。The artist has pictured him as a young man in riding dress.画家把他画成穿骑服的年轻人。The book pictured the world of the future.这本书生动地描写了未来世界。Movies, TV shows and books in America all picture people falling in love.美国的电影、电视和书籍都描绘人们如何坠入爱河。6. solitary a. alone, with no other people or things around; spending a lot of time alone; doing sth. without any companione.g. Paul was a shy, pleasant, solitary man保罗是一个羞怯、友善、惯于独处的男人。They spend more than the usual amount of time alone, and although they derive energy and pleasure from their solitary mental lives, they also report feeling lonely.他们独处的时间比常人要多，虽然他们从单独时的精神生活中得到活力和快乐，但他们 也说感觉孤独。He formed the habit of taking long solitary walks through the streets.他养成了在街上长时间单独散步的习惯。Comparison:alone a. to describe a person or thing that is separate from others and as an adjective, "alone” can be only used as the predicative (表语)e.g. She was alone in the classroom.她单独一人在教室里。He feels lonely when he is alone.他一个人的时候感到孤独。He felt all alone in the world.他感到自己在这个世界上无依无靠。solitary a. without other people or things around; doing sth. without any companion; it is usually used as attributive (定语) e.g. She led a solitary life.她过着独居生活。Pandas are solitary creatures. 熊猫是喜欢独处的动物。7. mission n. (work done by) a group of religious teachers to convert people; religious work that involves going to a foreign country in order to teach people about Christianity or help the poor people; a building or settlement where such work is donee.g. The place where this market situated used to be occupied by the preaching house of American mission.这个市场所在的地方原来是美国人的布道所。They say God spoke to them and told them to go on a mission to the poorest country in the Africa.他们说上帝让他们去非洲最贫困的国家传教。Derivation:Root: mis, mit = to send, to cast 送，放出 transmission n. emission n. emit v. missionary n.8. bungalow n. a small house with one story which is all on ground level e.g. The old couple sold that large house and moved into a small bungalow. 老两口卖掉了那栋大房子，搬进了小平房。e.g. Last November, I finally sold the house. I bought a bungalow and the financial pressure was slightly eased.去年11月，我终于卖掉了那房子，买了一间小平房，手头稍为宽松了一点。9. perch v. sit on sth. high or narrow; place sth. in a high or dangerous position e.g. A blackbird flew down and perched on the parapet outside his window.一只画眉飞下来，停在他窗外的矮墙上。He lit a cigarette and perched on the comer of the desk 他点了一根烟，坐在桌角上。He perched himself on the side of the bed. 他坐在床沿上。The thoughts of mine that are never captured by words perch upon my songs and dance. 我那些从来不曾被语言捕捉到的思想栖息在我的歌舞里。Comparison:sit v. rest your weight on your bottom with your back vertical, for example on/in a chair; it is different from “stand" and it usually used in spoken Englishe.g. Don't just sit watching, come and help me!别只坐那里看，来帮帮我！On the bus we sat together.我们在公交车上坐在一起。She was sitting by the window, reading a novel.她坐在窗下看小说。seat v. give sb. a place to sit; to sit down in a placee.g. He seated himself at the desk.他在书桌旁坐下了。Please seat yourself, sir.请坐，先生。We seated the guest to the right of the chairman.我们请那位来宾坐在主席的右边。perch y. When it means to "sit”, it is usually used in the structure "perch (sb./oneself) on sth.”e.g. We perched ourselves on a couple of high stools at the bar.我们坐在酒吧的几个高脚凳上。Bobby perched himself on the edge of the bed.博比坐在床沿上。Her father used to perch her on the front of his bike.她爸爸过去常让她坐在自行车前梁上。10. wind v. (to cause sth. to) follow a curving, twisting, or spiral coursee.g. The path wound down to the beach.这条小路弯弯曲曲通向海滩。The river winds its way between two meadows.这条河蜿蜒流经两个牧场之间。Collocation:wind sth. up bring sth. such as a speech or meeting to an ende.g. The speaker was just winding up when the door was flung open.演讲者刚要结束讲话，这时门突然被推开。If we all agree, let's wind up the discussion.如果大家都同意，咱们就结束讨论吧。wind sb. up deliberately say or do sth. in order to annoy sb.e.g. Calm down! Can't you see he's only winding you up?别激动！难道你看不出他只是在气你吗？That can't be true! You're winding me up.那不会是真的！你在故意气我。11. treacherous a. behaving with treachery; (showing signs of) betraying a person or cause secretly; dangerous, esp. when seeming to be safee.g. The ice on the roads made driving conditions treacherous.路上的冰对行车构成了隐患。The current of the river is fast flowing and treacherous.这条河水流湍急，变幻莫测。The President spoke of the treacherous intentions of the enemy.总统谈及了敌人的奸诈用心。He thinks that she is his friend, but she is treacherous.他认为她是他的朋友，但她是个奸诈之人。Derivation:treachery n. behaviour that involves not being loyal to sb. who trusts youe.g. He was deeply wounded by the treachery of close aides and old friends.他因贴身助手和老朋友的背叛而深受伤害。His treachery led to the capture and imprisonment of his friend.由于他的背叛，他的朋友被捕入狱。12. sinister a. making you feel that sth. evil, dangerous, or illegal is happening or will happen; suggesting evil, or that sth. bad may happen; suggesting an evil nature e.g. There was something cold and sinister about him.他给人一种冷酷阴险的感觉。Pleasing people is the very foundation of civilization and of capitalism instead of being sinister.取悦他人绝非阴险，而恰恰是文明和资本主义的基础。I could see nothing sinister about him.我看不出他是个阴险狡诈的人。13. crawl v. move slowly, with the body on or close to the ground, or on hands and knees; (of traffic, vehicles, etc.) move very slowly e.g. Our baby is just starting to crawl.我们的宝宝刚开始会爬。His car slowed to a crawl.他的车慢下来，龟速前行。A snake can crawl and swim.蛇能爬行和游泳。Collocation:be crawling with sth.: (informal) be full of or completely covered with people, insects or animals, in a way that is unpleasante.g. The place was crawling with journalists.这地方挤满了记者。Her hair was crawling with lice.她的头发爬满了虱子。14. muddy a. dirty and messye.g. They left the car and struck out along the muddy track.他们下车，开始沿着泥泞的小路往前走。Derivation:mud n. wet earth that is soft and stickye.g. The car wheels got stuck in the mud.车轮子陷到泥里去了。My hands, boots and trousers were plastered with mud. 我的手、靴子和裤子上都沾满了泥巴。15. watch for sth. look and wait attentively for sth.e.g. We'll be watching for any developments.我们会密切关注事情的进展。Environmentalists will be on the watch for damage to wildlife.环境保护主义者将密切关注野生动物受到的伤害。Sometimes luck comes in ways you would never expect, so just open your window and watch for something to fly in!有时幸运就是这么“始料不及”，所以，翻开窗子，等着幸运之神飞进来吧！16. twist v. turn round; revolve; (of a road, river, etc.) wind; change the direction e.g. She twisted her head sideways and looked towards the door.她侧头朝门口看去。It's a shame the way that the media can twist your words and misrepresent you.媒体歪曲他人言论、曲解他人意图的做法真是可耻。The mountain road began to twist up, steeper and steeper.山路开始向上曲折盘旋，越来越陡。Collocation:twist sth. off: turn and pull sth. with your hand to remove it from sth.e.g. I twisted off the lid and looked inside.我拧开盖子往里面看。17. linger v. stay for a long time and be reluctant to leave; be slow; dawdlee.g. The scent of her perfume lingered on in the room.她的香水味道在房间里久久不散。Customers are welcome to linger over coffee until around midnight.客人尽可以喝咖I啡，逗留到午夜。He was ashamed. That feeling lingered, and he was never comfortable in church after that. 他深感羞耻，这种感觉一直萦绕心头，自那以后他在教堂里总觉得不自在。Collocation:linger on sb./sth.: continue to look at sb./sth. or think about sth. for longer than usuale.g. His eyes lingered on the diamond ring on her finger.他的目光滞留在她手指上的钻戒上。18. splash v. cause a liquid to fly about in drops or make sb. wet in this way; (of a liquid) fly about and fall in drops; sit or stand in water and make it fly about with one's hands or feet e.g. He closed his eyes tight, and splashed the water on his face.他紧闭双眼，将水泼到脸上。The beer splashed the carpet.啤酒洒到了地毯上。Allow him to play and splash in the water if his condition permits.如果他的身体许可，可以让他在水里玩耍和泼水。Collocation:splash sth. out (on/for sth.): (BrE, informal) spend a lot of money on sth.e.g. We're going to splash out and buy a new car.我们打算挥霍一下，买辆新车。He splashed out hundreds of pounds on designer clothes.他花了几百英镑买名牌服装。19. alien a. foreign; strange; unfamiliar; contrarye.g. She disliked these alien clothes and Anna went on to search for a Russian dress that would please her soul.安娜不喜欢这些外国服装，于是开始寻找能让自己灵魂满足的俄罗斯服装。In a world that had suddenly become alien and dangerous, he was her only security.在一个突然变得陌生而危险的世界里，他是她唯一的守护神。The idea is alien to our religion.这种思想与我们的宗教不相容。Comparison:alien a. (often disapproving) from another country or society; foreigne.g. They were opposed to the presence of alien forces in the region.他们反对外国军队驻扎在该地区。He was interested in alien cultures.他曾对异域文化感兴趣。foreign a. in or from a country that is not your owne.g. You could tell she was foreign by the way she dressed.从她的穿着就可以看出她是外国人。After living in foreign countries for many years, he returned home.在国外居住多年之后，他回到了家。All foreign troops must be withdrawn immediately and unconditionally.所有外国军队必须立即无条件撤出。20. earthen a. made of earthe.g. Despite the mud outside, the earthen floor was clean.尽管外面泥泞，屋内的泥地板还是很干净。The earthen wall fell down in the storm.暴风雨中，土墙塌了。Derivation:earth n. the substance that plants grow ine.g. It will take a little time for the rain to sink into the dried earth.雨水渗入干旱的泥土需要一些时间。21. thresh v. to separate grains of rice, wheat, etc. from the rest of the plant using a machine or, especially in the past, by hitting it with a special toole.g. The corn was still sown, cut and threshed as it was a hundred years ago.玉米的播种、收割、脱粒方法仍和百年前一样。The farmers used to thresh the grain by hand, but now machines thresh it.农民过去用手工打谷，现在用机器脱粒。Synonym:thrash v. hit a person or an animal many times with a stick, etc. as a punishmente.g. Farmers used to thrash their wheat by hand.农民过去用手打麦脱粒。22. curlv. form or make sth. form into a curl or curlse.g. His hair curls naturally.他的头发天生髻曲。1) v. form or make sth. form into a curved shapee.g. Music was my refuge. I could crawl into the space between the notes and curl my back to loneliness.音乐是我的避难所。我只要钻入音符间的空隙中，蜷起身体，背对寂寞。2) n. a small bunch of hair that forms a curved or round shapee.g. Her hair was a mass of curls.她满头髯发。Derivation:curl up/be curled up lie or sit with your back curved and your arms and legs bent close to your bodye.g. She curled up and closed her eyes.她蜷成一团，闭上了眼睛。23. heed v. give attention to; consider seriouslye.g. He pays too much heed these days to my nephew Tom, and Tom is no great thinker.他最近过分重视我侄子汤姆的话了，而汤姆根本不是什么伟大的思想家。Collocations:pay heed to pay attention to; take notice ofe.g. Pedestrians complain that e-bike riders pay little heed to the rules of the road.行人抱怨骑电动自行车的人无视交通法规。Pay heed to what I say, if you want to succeed.你要想成功，就得注意我说的话。A good leader should always pay heed to the voice of the masses.一位好领导应该经常注意倾听群众的声音。SentencesFirst, you must picture to yourself that child, living quite solitary in a remote Chinese countryside, in a small mission bungalow perched upon a hill among the rice fields in the valleys below. (Paragraph 2)Explanation*.It is to be noted that the modal verb must in this sentence indicates the writer's advice or recommendation to readers, and that the adjective solitary functions as subject complement, telling readers that the child was lonely when living in a remote Chinese countryside.Paraphrase:First, you need to form a mental image of that child, who was living a very lonely life in a distant Chinese rural area, and whose family lived in a small one-story house in a settlement where missionaries had their homes, the small one-story hou