特选浙江2023高考英语阅读理解(细节理解)精讲精练(附答案).docx

浙江2023高考英语阅读理解（细 节理解）精讲精练（附答案）disappear as I gave my students positive attention可知，作者特别相信从书本上学到的东 西，这种盲目的相信让她在实际教学中遇到了困 难。【讲解配题】阅读理解。I shall never forget the day when the earthquake took place.The time was about 5 o'clock in the afternoon and I was driving along the road to take my daughter from schooLOur plan was to go swimming together.I had flnished my work at 4 o'clock and then gone to the Post Office.Then I stopped off at a shop in order to get some fresh第10页fruit.We liked to have some fruit to eat after our swim.I was driving along a high road on my way to my daughter's school.Over my road was another road which was built like a bridge for cars coming to the other way.I was hungry so I put the bag of apples in the seat beside me and started to eat one.Suddenly I saw the cars in front of me start to move from side to side.Then my car started to shake! I didn't know what was happening.Perhaps something had gone wrong with my car.I drove a little more slowly and then I stopped the car and at the same moment the road fell onto the car in front of me.I found myself in the dark.I couldn't move.The bottom parts of both of my legs and my feet were hurting badly and I couldn't move them.All第ii页around me was quiet.But above me I could hear shouts and a lot of noise.Then I memorized （记起） what had happened.! had been in an earthquake.For about two hours nobody came.Luckily I could reach the bag of apples, so at least I had plenty to eaLThen I heard people climbing towards me.A team of people had come to see if anyone was under the broken road.I called out, “I'm here!"I heard a shout.Soon a stranger climbed to the side of the road near my car.How are you doing?" he asked.“Not too bad, " I said, "But my feet and legs feel as if they're broken." "We'll have you out of there just as soon as we can." They didn't get me out until the next morning! had been in my car for fourteen hours.第12页When the earthquake took place, the writerwasA. on his way to the Post Office B. stopping off at a shopC. doing some shopping D. under a road built like a bridge解析：从第二段最后一句话可知，当地震发生时, 作者正开车行驶在一条像桥一样的路的下面。这条 路塌了下来，砸在了他的车上。答案：DThe writer's car began to move from side toside becauseA there was something wrong with his carB. he ate apples as he drove第13页C. an earthquake began to happenhe drove too fast解析：feel是系动词，后面跟有表语，我们知道 当tire成tiring和tired时，才起到形容词的作用。答案：CWhich of the following is True according to the passage?A. When the earthquake happened, the writer was with his daughter together.B. The writer's legs and feet were badly wounded in the earthquake.C. The writer was saved as soon as the stranger climbed up the road.D. The writer was so frightened that he forgot第14页everything that happened around him.解析：从短文的内容可知，作者在接他女儿之前 发生了地震。因此，在地震发生时，他并没有和他 女儿在一起。又从最后一段可知，他被救出时，已 经到了第二天上午。因此，也不是在那位陌生人一 看到他就把他救了出来。再从他被砸在路下面后不 久，他就记起了所发生的事，所以，他并没有吓得 什么也想不起来。只有他的腿和脚被严重砸伤是真 实的。答案：BWhich of the following shows the right order of what happened to the writer?a一A stranger climbed to the side of road near his car and asked how he was going.b-The writer finished his work.第15页cHe felt his car shaking on his way to his daughter's school.d一He bought some fresh fruit in a shop.e-He was saved the next morning.fThe writer found himself in the dark.gHe went to the Post Office.A. b, g, d, c, f, a, e B. b, d, c, g, f, a, eC. d, b, c, f, g, a, e D. c, a, f, g, b, d, e解析:通读全文，我们可知，正确的顺序是：作者下班后，先去了邮局，又把车停在一家商店前， 下车买了一些水果。在接他女儿的路上他感觉他的 车子晃动，上面的公路塌了下来，将他砸在了路下面。他感觉自己处在黑暗之中，一位陌生人发现了第16页他，第二天上午他被救了出来。答案：AFrom the passage we're sure that the writerwas.A. a teacher of a school B. a manager of a shopC. a father of a girl D. a worker of a Post Office解析：通过短文我们可以确切地知道作者是一位 女孩的父亲，而无法确定作者是一位学校的教师， 一家商店的经理或一家邮局的工人。答案：Co【冲向高考】第17页 阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、 D中，选出最正确选项。Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior. One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study.They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoners Dilemma. The game is based on the tension （紧张气氛）between the interests （利 益）of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher.Harvard researcher David Rand says the most第18页 successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings were. The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment. The study appeared last month in the journal Science.The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children aged two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children aged five to nine. The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and第19页浙江2023高考英语阅读理解（细节理解）精讲精练（附答案）高考英语阅读理解常考点分析阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型：1 .考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力 （细节理解题）；2 .考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力（词 义猜想题）；3 .考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概 括能力（主旨大意题）；4 .考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的 推理判断能力（推理判断题）。【细节理解题】I.细节理解题一般可分为：直接信息题、间 接信息题和信息综合题。1 .直接信息题：先看题干，以便在阅读的过 程中更快找出相关事实细节。2 .间接信息题：需结合上下文提供的语境和 信息进行简单的概括和判断。3 .信息综合题：涉及文章中的几句话，而且 children whose parents did not. The study says the IQs-or intelligence quotients-of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points.Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire worked with Mal lie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation. Professor Strauss has written extensively about physical punishment of children. He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development. He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common.1. Which could be the best title of the passage?A. PunishmentThe Best Way to Influence Behavior.B. Punishment or Reward: Which Works Better on Behavior?第20页Two Recent Studies.2. The underlined word “spanked“ probablymeansA. won B. punished C. testedD. praised3. According to the passage, the researchers may agree the best way to influence behavior is.A. rewarding good behaviorcorrecting bad behaviorB. punishing badly-behaved childrenpraising well-behaved children试题分析：文章主要介绍了两项研究的过程和研究 成果。近期的两项研究显示，惩罚不是影响行为的 最好方法。其中一项研究显示，成年人在一个基于 奖励的机制中更具合作性。另一项研究说明，惩罚 不利于孩子心智的开展。1.选择最正确标题。A项太片面；文章没有提到 最好的方法，排除B； D项不够具体；根据第二段“One showed that adults are much more第21页 cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. "和第六段"of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were可知，研究说明，奖励能 够促进合作，惩罚不利于孩子的心智开展，应选C。 2.猜想词义题。根据带第六段“wh。were not spanked were five points higher than those who were”可知，被父母体罚的孩子，他们的智商比没 有受到体罚的孩子的低5分，根据最后一段“He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development.,z 可知，孩子受到的 惩罚越多，他们的心智开展得越慢，说明划线词是 “惩罚的意思，应选B。3.推理判断题。B、D两项文中未提及；根据倒数 第二段"of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were"和最后一段“ the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development 可知， 惩罚不利于孩子的身心开展，排除C；根据第二段 aadults are much more cooperative if they第22页 work in a system based on rewards和第六段 “five points higher than those who were"可 知，奖励能够促进合作，而惩罚不利于孩子心智的 开展，只有A项与奖励有关，应选A。【健康环保类-阅读理解】（2023模拟题）Monty Hempel is a professor of environmental sciences at Redlands University in California.He studies ecological literacy一or ecoliteracy, for short.Ecoliteracy is the ability to think about and understand the natural processes that make life possible.Monty Hempel says ecoliteracy gives people knowledge about environmental problems.But he says it does not always work to get them to change their behavior.Mr.Hempel wrote part of the World watch Instituted latest State of the World report.He says第23页in his article, “Some people think that ecoliteracy is just a green form of science literacy .And what I have tried to ask is whether that's enough.In other words, what an ecologically-literate person needs to know might include things like the cycles and the flows, the energy systems, all of those kind of things that we would call the science of ecology.”“That doesn't seem to lead to action to protect our environmentto protect our life-support system to the level that we need to.Just because we know a lot about the environment doesn't mean that we actually act to save it.After alL actions speak louder than knowledge/He adds that people may not be very worried about environmental problems if they seem far away."Some people call it psychological distance.A lot of climate issues are worse in the Arctic and most of us don't spend time in the Arctic.And so,第24页there's a certain distance.But there's also a distance that's happening in the world as it urbanizespeople spending more time in front of screens and less time out in nature.We become, if you will, disconnected from the natural systems that used to be the key to success for a human being.”To help children discover the wonders of nature, he adds that children should learn about nature in school.But he also points out we have a high mountain for people to climb from knowledge to action.1 .From what Monty Hempel says in Paragraph 3, we learn that A.knowledge on environment protection is not enoughB.knowledge that children learn at school is useless第25页C.ecoliteracy can help people understand how nature worksD.people with enough knowledge will protect the environment well答案A解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中Monty Hempel 说的话，尤其是文中的And what I have tried to ask is whether that's enough.”暗示仅仅有环保的 知识是不够的，故最正确答案为A。2 .What is especially important for environment protection in Mr.HempePs opinion?A.Knowledge.B.Action.C.Green living.D.Psychological distance.答案B解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句"After all, actions speak louder than knowledge/7 可知 Mr.Hempel的观点是行动更重要，故最正确答案第26页为Bo3 .Mr.Hempel thinks people show no concern about some environmental problems because A.they lack knowledge on environment protection B.they have no awareness of environment protectionC.some environmental problems are not worse at allD.some environmental problems happened far away答案D解析 细节理解题。根据第五段中的"Some people call it psychological distance（有些人叫它心理距 离）以及"And so, there's a certain distance（这 里是有一定距离的），可知人们对一些环境问题 不关心，是因为有些环境问题发生在遥远的地方， 故最正确答案为D。4 .What can be inferred from the last paragraph?第27页A.Experts think it is the best way to learn nature in school.B.Climbing a high mountain is a good way to exercise well.C.Changing people's attitude to environment protection is hard.DeKnowledge can help children take action to protect the environment.答案c解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“But he also points out we have a high mountain for people to climb from knowledge to action（但他也 指出对许多人来说从知识到行动有一座高山要 爬）可知要改变人们对环境保护的态度是很难 的。2023届石家庄市高中毕业班质量检测（二）第28页试题】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，选择最正确答案填空。BThe Adler Planetarium Chicago is home to more than 35,000 square feet of exhibits. From huge models of the Solar System, to ancient astronomical instruments, to interactive adventures, Adler' s exhibit galleries provides a passageway for you to explore the universe. The Adler also offers mini science exploration activities that are quick 10-minute lessons. Visitors can learn some interesting astronomical facts at these small activity carts.The Adler Planetarium Chicago is the only museum in the world with two full-size planetarium theaters. Since 1930, the wonder of the stars has been visible in thehistoric Sky Theater. Powered by brand new Digistar 3TM technology, the StarRider Theater is a completely digital, virtual （虚第29页 有时可能散落在文章的不同地方，因此要把原文 所提供的信息综合起来分析。II.正确答案的特点：与原文信息表达手法不 同，但所表达的意思相同。m.干扰项的特点：1 .是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；2 .符合常识，但不符合原文内容；3 .与原文信息极为相似，只是在程度上有些 不同；4 .选项中所提供的信息局部正确，局部错误;5 .在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。【真题回放一】How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to Hnd Mr. 拟的）outer space environment. The famous Zeiss Planetarium projector is able to accurately reproduce the movement of every aspect of the night sky.Do' s and Don' ts:Do Take the Bus/Train: Leave the car at home for this museum trip. The Adler is located within close proximity to public transit.Don' t Miss the Doane Observatory: When weather permits, the Doane is open at the Adler for observing with its 20-inch diameter telescope.Don' t Miss Museum Special Events: The Adler offers a summer camp for kids from mid June to August.Ticket Price:Adult: $ 28; child: $ 22. Book online now to Save 37%.Regular Schedule:第30页Mon.Fri. 10am- 4pm; Sat.Sun. 10am4:30pm. Summer Hours: 9:30am6pm daily.Nearest Transit: Roosevelt Metro StationAddress: 1300 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 606051. What' s the main function of the Adler Planetarium Chicago?A. Displaying the models of the Solar System.B. Selling ancient astronomical instruments.C. Offering a passageway to explore the universe.D. Giving 10-minute lessons to visitors. 2. What can visitors learn in the StarRider Theater?A. The history of the Adler Planetarium Chicago.第31页B. The wonder of the interactive adventures.C. The complicated Digistar 3TM technology .D. The movement of the stars in the night sky.3. If you want to try the Doane Observatory, you' d better A. drive your private carB. consider weather conditionsC. buy a telescope in advanceD. join the Adler' s summer campHow much will a couple and two kids at least spend to visit the Adler?A. $ 37.B. $ 63.C. $ 72.D.$ 100.参考答案、CDBB第32页Plowright and his really good plows. （2023 浙江 卷阅读理解A篇）42. To advertise his plows, Mr.Plowright A. praised his plows in publicB. placed a sign outside the shopC. hung an arrow pointing to the shopD. showed his products to the customers42. Bo这是一道直接信息题。该段摘自原文第U!U!段,根据该段中的First he opened a shop andthen he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers可知，为了推销自己的犁，Mr.Plowright在商店外面放了 一个牌子。【讲解配题】2023高考英语阅读理解集训。阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、 D中，选出最正确选项。Coffee is one of the most popular drinks throughout the world today. In fac