2022年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷（附答案详解）.docx

2022年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷1. Does the word "imperfect" always convey negative feeling? Have you ever walked to the local grocery stored produce (农产品)section, only(l) ( see) a basket full ofHimperfect produce*1 ? There's (2) wrong with a tomato that isn't perfectly rounded or peaches in different sizes； they still carry the same benefits and flavors as the versions we're used to seeing in grocery stores.Farmers usually throw away these imperfect items, as many grocery chains won't accept them for fear (3) they are unsellable.However, a growing group of grocery chains are fighting to make these deserted fruits and vegetables part of consumers' buying habits.One such business is Imperfect Produce, a start-up that delivers fresh ugly produce to consumers, with (4) service, you can get up to 20 pounds of fruit and veggies for around $ 20 a week.This is about a 30 percent discount compared to (5) is currently sold in stores.So far, the company (accept) as partnership by several big chain wholesale giants, such as Whole Foods Company, to sell the misshapen produce.While this movement might be a new trend here in the US, it's already gained serious popularity in Europe.In 2014, the European Union announced the Year Against Food Waste, with a French grocery chain (launch) a very successful campaign called Inglorious Fruits and Vegetables.In Portugal, a similar company to Imperfect Produce called Fruta Feia has also taken off.Buying these unfortunate-looking foods should be appealing to consumers not only (8) the affordability, but also for the support it gives to farmers and the direct impact it has on decreasing food waste and the environmental pollution.lt is believed that when the discarded (丢弃的)fruits and vegetables decompose (分解)they release methane, a greenhouse gas that, when (9) ( release) into the atmosphere, is about 86 times as powerful as carbon dioxide over a 20-year period.The growing amount of food waste is a major global problem.Each year, some 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted. Waste is, in fact, (10) ( ugly) thing of all.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5) (10) A.There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment.B.Clean energy has always been on the priority list for a better environment.C.For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage is impossible.D.However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly.E.So humankind began to make exploration to satisfy themselves economically and mentally.F.They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time.Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization.Back then, and today, providing food was the basic task for a person. (1) People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as bread and shelters, but also for various facilities and luxuries.Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy.In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably associated with environmental damage.(2) The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required.These plants produce a lot of waste, which may cause negative long-term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people.The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment.There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy.(3) Of course, during this time people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings. In order to produce practical energy, a transformation of the natural site is often inevitable.This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. Application of wind energy would block airflow's natural speed.Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure. (4) This is the embarrassment mankind has to deal with.A good balance between economic development and sustainability is forever what humankind has to keep in mind.29 . A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G30 . A. AB. BC. CD. DE. Ef.fg.g31 .A. AB.BC.CD.DE.EF. FG.G32 .A. AB.BC.CD.DE.EF. FG.G33 . Is Leather Good or Not? For thousands of years, humans have used leather to make everything from clothing to furniture to footwear.The skin of animals is a material that is strong, hard-wearing and flexible.These qualities make leather a popular material for many different products, but more people are becoming concerned about the potential harm caused by items they buy.Should we respect ancient traditions or is having real leather not as important as it used to be?The treatment of animals raised for their skins is a massive issue.According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation （FAO） , more than 2.29 billion cows, pigs and goats are killed each year for their hides.This does not include the animal skin of fancier leather products, such as sheep, crocodiles, kangaroos and lizards.There's also an environmental problem.Producing leather is a very polluting process, because it requires treating the skins with chemicals.During the procedure, called tanning, chemicals change the fibres （纤维）inside the leather, making it tougher.A tanning facility uses more than 60, 000 litres of water for every tonne of leather produced.lt uses huge amounts of poisonous chemicals, including substances containing heavy metals such as chromium, which when washed out ends up in nearby soil and drinking water that people use.However, the making of leather is not entirely negative.Selling animal skin is a key source of income for remote populations such as the Inuit people in Canada.Every day, cows, pigs and goats are killed for their meat to be sold in supermarkets.It*s respectful not to waste anything, and without leather their skins would have to be buried or burned.Although there are alternatives to leather, some of these fabrics are only 85% to 90% biodegradable （可生物降解的）.Vegan leather can be made from plastics which take years to biodegrade, so it's actually worse for the planet.34 .刚到学校我就发现把化学书忘家里了。（Hardly）35 .如果周三下雨的话慈善义卖还照常进行吗？ （schedule） 36 .这两位网球选手水平相当，不到最后一刻很难预料冠军归属。（equal） .看到那么多年轻人自愿学舞龙，这位老艺人如释重负，感觉这门古老的技艺后继有人了。 （relieve） 37 .你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织来中国进行主题夏令营活动，每个学生可以从以下三 个主题营中选择一个参加：（1）唐诗（Tang poems）学习夏令营；(2)乒乓球训练营；(3)剪纸(paper-cutting)学习夏令营。Jim来信希望你能给他推荐一个。请你给他回信，内容包括:(1)你的建议；(2)你的理由。答案和解析1 .【答案】【小题lltosee【小题2】nothing【小题3】that【小题4】whose【小题5 what【小题 6】has been accepted【小题7】launching【小题8】because of【小题9】released【小题 10 the ugliest【解析】(1)考查动词不定式。句意：你有没有去过当地杂货店的农产品区，却只看到一篮子” 不完美的农产品”？根据句意可知，此处应用“only+动词不定式”作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果, 故填to see。(2)考查代词。句意：外表不是非常圆的番茄或大小不一的桃子都没有问题；它们仍然具有我们 过去在杂货店看到的相同的东西的好处和口味。根据后文they still carry the same benefits and flavors as the versions weTe used to seeing in grocery stores可知，此处指外表不好看的番茄或桃子都没有问 题，故应用nothing wrong表示"没有问题"，故填nothingo(3)考查固定短语。句意：农民通常会扔掉这些不完美的产品，因为许多杂货店连锁店因为担心 它们卖不出去而不会接受它们。for fear that“害怕”，固定短语，引导目的状语从句，故填that。(4)考查定语从句关系词。句意：Imperfect Produce就是这样一家企业，这家初创企业向消费者 运送新鲜的丑陋农产品，通过他们的服务，你可以以每周20美元左右的价格买到多达20磅的水 果和蔬菜。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a start-up,与service之间 是所属关系，在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose,故填whose。(5)考查宾语从句连接词。句意：与目前商店出售的商品相比，这大约是30%的折扣。分析句子 结构可知，此处引导宾语从句，指物，在从句中作主语，故应用连接代词what,故填what。(6)考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，该公司已经被Whole Foods公司等几家大 型连锁批发巨头接受为合作伙伴，销售畸形农产品。根据时间状语so far可知，句子应用现在完 成时，主语the company和动词accept之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时态的被动语态，主语the company是单数，助动词应用has,故填has been acceptedo(7)考查现在分词。句意：2014年，欧盟宣布了反对食物浪费年，一家法国食品杂货连锁店发 起了一项非常成功的名为”不上相的蔬果”运动。分析可知，此处使用了 with复合结构，即”with+ 宾语+宾语补足语”，动词launch和宾语a French grocery chain之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用 现在分词作宾补，故填launchingo（8）考查固定短语。句意：购买这些看起来不太好看的食物对消费者有吸引力，不仅是因为价格 实惠，还因为它对农民的支持，以及它对减少食物浪费和环境污染的直接影响。not onlybut also.， 不仅而且”连接并列成分，根据后文but but also for the support中的for”因为"可知，此处表 示不太好看的食物对消费者有吸引力的原因，故because of或due to”因为“符合语境，故填because ofVdue too（9）考查状语从句的省略。句意：人们认为，当被丢弃的水果和蔬菜分解时，它们会释放出甲烷， 这是一种温室气体，在20年的时间里，释放到大气中的甲烷的强度大约是二氧化碳的86倍。分 析句子结构可知，句中when引导时间状语从句，状语从句的主语是a greenhouse gas,和动词release 之间是被动关系，其完整形式是when it is released into the atmosphere,此处省略了主语a greenhouse gas 和 be 动词 is,故填 releasedo（10）考查形容词最高级。句意：事实上，浪费是最丑陋的事情。根据句意及后文范围“ofall”可 知，此处应用形容词最高级形式ugliest,最高级前面应加定冠词the,故填the ugliest。这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一家初创企业Imperfect Produce专门售卖丑蔬果的事情，作者 认为丑蔬果不仅价格低廉，还有助于减少环境污染和粮食浪费。语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型， 语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。2.【答案】G【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：最近的一项全国性调查发现，72%的受访者不确定Facebook 是否以负责任的方式使用收集到的数据。分析可知，所填空应是形容词作定语，修饰空后名词“ way”。 结合后文"Concerns about personal privacy are on the rise all the time.（人们对个人隐私的关注一直在 上升。）”可推知，受访者应是对Facebook在使用个人数据方面的负责任性方面有所怀疑。G项 "responsible"，形容词，意为”可靠的，负责任的”，符合句意分析。故选G项。（2）考查形容词。句意：这种怀疑是有道理的。分析可知，所填空应是形容词作表语。根据前文 "And （70） % of respondents said they believed their smartphones are being monitored in ways they havent agreed to. （70%的受访者表示，他们认为自己的智能手机正以自己不同意的方式受到监控。） ”可知，人们怀疑智能手机监控，同时结合常识可知，这种怀疑是合理的。E项"justified"，形容词， 意为”有正当理由的，合乎情理”，符合句意分析。故选E项。（3）考查动词时态。句意：带有摄像头、移动应用程序的玩具，以及要求建立在线账户来存储玩 具及其用户的数据，这些都带来隐私问题。分析可知，所填空应是动词，在句中作谓语。主语叮oys with cameras, mobile apps, and requirements to set up online accounts that store data about the toy and its user （带有摄像头、移动应用程序的玩具，以及要求建立在线账户来存储玩具及其用户的数据） ”带来了隐私方面的担忧。H项"present”作动词时可意为“带来”含义，符合句意分析，描述现状， 所以用一般现在时态。故选H项。（4）考查动词。句意：例如，使用蓝牙连接的玩具可能很容易受到来自室外的黑客攻击，可能会 让孩子接触到不适当的内容或收集敏感信息。分析可知，所填空为从句的谓语动词，关系词“that” 的先行词为“Toys”，因此可推知，"Bluetooth connections”是这种玩具使用的功能。所选动词应是" 使用，应用”含义，J项"employ”，动词，意为”使用，利用”，描述现状，符合句意，所以用一般 现在时态。故选J项。（5）考查动词不定式。句意：例如，使用蓝牙连接的玩具可能很容易受到来自室外的黑客攻击， 可能会让孩子接触到不适当的内容或收集敏感信息。分析可知，” （5） the child to inappropriate content or gathering sensitive info”为结果状语，因此，所填空应是非谓语动词，且与主语之间为主 动关系,应是现在分词。结合后文“to”,应是K项”exposing”，意为”使暴露于,使接触”，“expose sb.tosth"，”使某人接触某物”。故选K项。（6）考查可数名词的复数。句意：但如果游戏网站遭到黑客攻击，这些房间布局和其中物品的图 像就会暴露出来。分析可知，“the”为定冠词，所填空应是名词。分析语境可知，嗔”应是指代“the room”，前文" these images of the room's layout （这些是房间布局的图片）”提及了房间的布局图片， 因此，这里应是指房间内的物品。A项“objects”，名词复数，意为”物体，实物”，符合句意分析。 故选A项。（7）考查过去分词。句意：儿童在线隐私保护法提供了另一层防御，要求父母参与设置玩具， 并赋予成年人删除孩子在线数据的权利。分析可知，“have sth done”，”使某物被%所填空应 是过去分词。结合前文"Most toy manufacturers are trying to build in protections.（大多数玩具制造商 都在试图建立保护机制。）”可知，保护机制应是可以将玩具内的个人信息数据删除。C项”removed”， 动词过去分词形式，意为”移除，删除、符合句意分析。故选C项。（8）考查形容词。句意：这些玩具可以非常吸引人，甚至具有教育意义，比如一个交互式地球仪， 当孩子们在地图上触摸一个国家时，它就会向孩子们讲述这个国家。分析可知，所填空应是形容 词作表语。结合主语"These toys”意为“这些玩具”可推知,玩具是有趣的，吸引人的。选项Pengaging”, 形容词，意为“有趣的，令人愉快的，迷人的”，符合句意分析。故选F项。（9）考查可数名词的复数。句意：会顶嘴和进行对话的动作人物、机器人或玩偶可以成为聪明的 伴侣。分析可知，”smart”为形容词，作定语修饰名词，所填空为名词。结合主语"dolls”意为”玩偶 ”可推知，玩偶对于孩子来说是一种陪伴或同伴。选项companions”，名词复数，意为”同伴，陪 伴”，符合句意分析。故选I项。（10）考查动词。句意：然而，在一个可以通过与设备互动收集如此多信息的环境中，儿童不再 仅仅是“玩家“或“消费者”。分析可知，所填空为动词，作谓语。根据后文”They become “data subjects” that disclose information or npersonal data1' about themselves, both consciously and unconsciously.（他 们成为“数据主体”，有意无意地公开自己的信息或“个人数据“。）”可知，孩子不再是单纯的玩家 玩耍者或消费者，而成了玩具收集个人数据的数据主体，因此，这里应是动词“停止”，即，选项Bkease (停止，不再做)二描述现状，所以用一般现在时态。故选B项。本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们对于信息泄露的担忧，从一般的通讯媒体过渡到孩子的 智能玩具。在这样一个可以通过与设备互动收集如此多信息的环境中，儿童不再仅仅是“玩家“或“ 消费者”，而成为数据主体。如何做选词填空.根据语法，判断词性一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步 缩小词的选择范围。1 .利用语境，确定词形当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如主谓一致，动词的时态，语 态，固定短语，名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。3-17.【答案】B、D、A、C、B、A、D、B、D、C、A、C、D、A、B【解析】(1)考查动词及语境理解。A.commenting评论；B.publishing发布,出版；C.initiating 启动；D.describing描述。句意：总有一天，纽约时报会停止纸质报道。根据后文”反火如侬。as people are for ink on paper, there are plenty of reasons to (2) print. "可知是“发布"。故选B项。(2)考查动词及语境理解。A.restore恢复；B.promote促进；C.stimulate刺激；D.abandon放弃。 句意：尽管人们怀旧纸上的墨水，还是有很多理由放弃印刷。根据前文"There will eventually come a day when the New York Times stops (1) stories on paper. ”可知是放弃印刷。故选 D 项。(3)考查形容词及语境理解。A.physical有形的、物质的；B.influential有影响的；C.worthy有价 值的；D.profitable有利可图的。句意：为制作纸质报纸所需的基本设施一一E|J刷机、运输卡车一一 不仅是昂贵的。根据后文的"printing presses, delivery trucks ”可知，对于电子版是有形的、实体的。 故选A项。(4)考查动词及语境理解。A.follow跟踪，追随;B.transfer转移;C.overtake超过;D.outlook展 望。句意：尽管平面广告的销售额仍然超过了在线广告和移动广告，但来自平面广告的收入仍在 下降。根据前文的“though”和后文的“ income from print is still declining”可知，纸质版广告的销售额 比电子版的多。故选C项。(5)考查动词及语境理解。A.reverse逆转；B.eliminate剔除；C.maintain维持；Devaluate评估。 句意：BuzzFeed首席执行官Jonah Petretti表示，成本可能很高，发行量可能会下降，但急于取消 印刷版将是一个错误。根据前文的“Cost may be high"、“but"和后文"mistake”可知，停止纸质版的 印刷是不明智的。故选B项。(6)考查名词及语境理解。A.transition转变，过渡；B.existence存在；C.application应用；D.isolation 隔离，孤立。句意：想办法加快这种转变对他们来说是有意义的。根据前文” print advertisement sales still (4) their online and mobile counterparts, ”可知，转变是有意义的。故选 A 项。(7)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.playing safe安全行事；B.following a general rule遵循一般规则； C.keeping to aroutine遵循常规；D.making a definite change做出明确的改变。句意:有时候，无论 如何，这都是值得做出明确改变的。根据后文举例"Netflix (8) its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming "和"The move turned out to be foresighted.”可知，做出转型的是有意义的。故选D项。(8)考查动词及语境理解。A.stimulating 刺激；B.discontinuing 中断；C.regulating 调节；D.fulfilling 实现。句意：Petretti举了 Netflix中段DVD邮寄服务以专注于流媒体的例子。根据前文"Sometimes that's well worth "可知,举例的Netflix为了转型，中断邮寄服务。故选B项。(9)考查名词及语境理解。A.achievement 成就；B.tendency 倾向；C.opportunity 机会；D.mistake 错误。句意：这曾被视为一个错误。根据前文"once"和后文"The move turned out to be foresighted*' 可知是”错误，故选D项。(10)考查动词及语境理解。A.sponsor赞助；B.fund提供基金；C.end结束；D.establish设立。句 意：如果我是纽约时报的负责人，我不会选择在哪一年停止印刷。根据后文"would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product, which has some advantage over a modern product, making it appealing for customers to keep it around.”可知是停止”。故选 C 项。(11)考查动词及语境理解。A.favour赞成,喜爱；B.facilitate使便利，促进;C.share分享;D.afford 负担得起。句意：事实上，最忠实的客户仍然会得到他们喜欢的产品。根据前文"the most loyal customers”和后文“they*d feel like that they were helping maintain the quality of something they believe in”可知这些产品是他们所喜爱的。故选A项。(12)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.benefiting from受益于；B.referring to指,参考，查阅;C.overpaying for为 支付过高的费用；D.trying out尝试。句意：所以，如果你花了太多钱买纸 质版，你可能会觉得自己是在帮忙。根据前文"1 would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product, which has some advantage over a modern product, making it appealing for customers to keep it around.”可知，(顾客)会用更高价格购买纸质版。故选C项。(13)考查名词及语境理解。A.identity身份;B.variation变化;C.loyalty忠诚；D.income收入。 句意：然后每年以更高的速度增加，并试图产生额外的收入。根据前文" increase it at a higher rate each year”可知,会增加收入。故选D项。(14)考查名词及语境理解。A.subscription 订阅；B.advancement 进度；C.policy 策略；D.technology 技术。句意：每周7天订阅印刷版每年要花费近500美元，是纯数字订阅的两倍多。根据前文中” generate additional (13) ”和"make it for the people who are already obsessed with it”可知，用户订阅 版更赚钱。故选A项。(15)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.shrinks缩小;B.changes改变;C.emerges出现;D.dominates 主导。句意：当市场和世界发生变化时，我们正在做一些没有意义的事情。根据第二段中”Readers are keeping away from print anyway”可知，时代和这个世界正在发生改变。故选B项。这是一篇记叙文。在快速变化的时代，纽约时报将取消纸质印刷。BuzzFeed首席执行官JonahPetretti认为这是不明智的选择，并列举了一些原因和例子。近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。 做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一 至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选 择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章， 检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。1821 .【答