专题09 情态动词--初中英语重要语法精讲精练（江苏专用）.docx

专题09情态动词情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓 语，只能和其他动词的原形构成谓语。主要有：can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should，will (would)。一、情态动词can/couldcan可表示能力或可能性，过去式could。和其他的情态动词一样，can和could后面直接接动词原形，否认形式直接加notocan用法(1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。Can you lift this heavy box? Yes, I can.(体力)Mary can speak three languages.(知识)Can you skate? No, I can't.(技能)注意：be able to代替can,也可以表示能力。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could),而beab加to那么有更多的时态形式。例：You will be able to talk with the foreign teacher in English next week.下星期你将能与外国老师用英语交谈了。My little brother has been able to write.我的弟弟已会写字了。这两种情况除外：表将来时不可以用can替换如： ril not be able to finish all the work tomorrow morning.表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如： He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.(2)表示请求和允许。一Can I go now? 一Yes, you can. / No, you can't.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不能用于肯定句和答语中。此时could不 是can的过去式，而是表示的语气比can更委婉，常用来向老师、长辈等提出请求，而can常用来向同学、朋友提出请求。Could I come to see you tomorrow?（可用在疑问句中）Yes, you can. （No, I'm afraid not.）（不能用在答语中）Could I ask you some questions, Mr. Green?格林先生，我可以请教您一些问题吗？（向长辈、老师提出请求）（3）表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。They've changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.（4）表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否认句和感叹句中。Can this be true?这是真的?This can't be done by him.这不可能是他干的！How can this be true?这怎么可能是真的？【例题】用 can、could 或 be able to 填空1. you help me?2. He play the piano at the age of 6.3. A: Could I use your eraser? B: Yes, you .5. In the past, I not cook. But now I .【答案】Could could can could cancan和could的区别在哪？A. can和could都可以用来表示能力。can用于现在时，could用于过去时。His grandfather is over 80 but still can read without glasses,他爷爷八十多岁 了，但还能不戴眼镜看书。He could swim when he was eight years old.他八岁时就会游泳 了。B. can和could都还可以用来表示可能性，could表示的可能性比can更小，当谈论过去的可能性时， 只能用couldoIt is Sunday. Millie can't be at school.今天是星期天，米莉不可能在学校。What could happen at that time?那时可能发生什么事呢？()1 .They play football last Friday because Simon forgot to bring his football here.A. couldB. couldn'tC. can'tD. can()2.- Whose shirt is this?-It be Li Lei's. It is too big for him.A. couldB. mustC. can'tD. might【答案】BC二、情态动词maymay的用法may用来表示请求许可时用于比拟正式的场合。might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否认 回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以,禁止”。-May I have your name, please?我可以问一下你的名字吗？-Of course you may. I am Li Hong.当然可以。我叫李虹。Might/ May I smoke in this room? No, you mustn't.一May/Might I take this book out of the room?Yes, you can.No, you can't / mustn't.注意：用MayL.？征询对方许可时语气比拟正式和客气，而用Can I？在口语中更常见。(1) may用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!祝你成功！(2) may表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。He may /might be very busy now.Your mother may /might not know the truth.-Where's John? 约翰在哪儿？-He may be at the library.他可能在图书馆。注意：以上例子中的may be是情态动词may加be (构成谓语动词)，一般放于句中。maybe是副 词，解释为“或许”，一般放于句首。例：©He may be at home. 他可能在家。May be he is at home.或许他在家。三、情态动词must和have to1、must表示说话人的主观意志，表示义务、命令或必要、应当和必须等。现在式与过去式同形。否认句中用mustn,t表示禁止。例：I must go to school today.今天我必须上学去。He told me I mustn leave until my mother came.他告诉我，在我母亲回来之前我不许离开。2、must表示推测，“一定是，“准是”，一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否认句中一般用can,否认句 中can't表示“不可能”。例：They must be very tired. Let them have a rest.他们一定是非常疲劳了。让他们休息一会儿吧。Jack doesn't look well. He must be ill. 杰克看上去气色不太好。他一定是病了。That can、be the only way to solve the problem.那不可能是解决问题的唯一方法。Jane's light is on. She must be at home. S简的房间里开着灯。她一定在家，不会出去的。3、以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must；否认回答那么常用neednt意为“不需要，不必”，相当 于 don't have to.例：-Must I finish the work today ?-Yes, you must. /No, you needn't (don't have to).4、must和have to意思都是“必须”，常可以互换使用。但have to用于强调客观需要，意为“必须， 不得不”；must用于表示主观意愿，意为"必须”。例：We'll have to ask Zhang Hong instead. 我们必须去请张红代替了。We must work hard at school.我们在学校必须努力学习。例1： -Whose is the pencil box?-It be Tom's. Look at his name on the cover!A. canB. mayC. mustD. need【答案】c例2： -I turn down the radio now?-No, you.A. Must; mustn't B. Must; needn't C. Need; can't D. Need; won't【答案】B例 3： 一Dad, must we wait until the light becomes green?Yes, Pm afraid we.That's the traffic rule.A. canB. mayC. have toD. need【答案】c四、情态动词needneed作情态动词时，一般用于否认句或疑问句，无形态变化。例:You needn't do it again.你不需要再做了。He needn't worry about it.这件事他无需担忧。Need he do this homework first?他需要先做这些作业吗？©Need they fill in the form?他们需要填表吗？注意：“need”还可作为实义动词，通常用法是：人+ need +t。do （某人需要做某事） 物+ need + doing =物+ need +to be done （某物需要被 ） “need”后还可以直接跟名词否认形式需用助动词do/does/did后加not构成。例：We need to tell him the truth.我们需要告诉他真相。My car needs repairing. = My car needs to be repaired. 我的汽车需要修理。We need your advice.我们需要你的建议。He doesn't need to do the work.他不需要做这些工作。【例题精讲】例 1： There's enough time for you to go to the airport. You hurry now.A. should B. needn*t C. must D. can't【答案】needn例 2： -It's said that you have moved into a new house.- -Yeah, and we to buy some furniture in the mall nearby.A. can【答案】CB. shouldC. needD. may五、情态动词 should(shall)/ had better1、shall用于第一人称，表示征求意见、询问，用于第二、三人称时，表示警告、命令、允诺等。2、had better意为“最好”，后接动词原形，否认形式在后面直接加not,再接动词原形。例：You ought to respect your teachers.你们应该尊敬你们的老师。We should be careful of others' feelings.我们应该尊重别人的感情。Shall we start the meeting at once?我们立即开会好吗？It's late. You'd better go and look for him.太迟了。你最好去找他。You'd better not read books in poor light.你最好不要在微弱的灯光下看书。例 1： -It's difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.- -1 think a bridge built over the river.A. should be B. is beingC. should being D. was built【答案】A例 2： It's rather hot in the room. You'd better the windows or the door.A. closeB. not to close C. don't close D. not close【答案】D六、will 和 would1、will用于第二人称表示询问、请求，也可以表达现在的“意愿”。2、would用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问。例：Will you get me some chalk? 你拿些粉笔给我好吗？Would you like some bananas?来点香蕉好吗？例 1： -A single room, please.- OK.you please show me your ID card?Here you are.A. Will【答案】AB. ShouldC. MayD. Must例 2： -you please look through the paper for me and see if there are any obvious(明显的) mistakes?-Of course I.A. Would; will B. Will; would C. Will; will D. Would; would【答案】A【综合练习】用适当的情态动词填空1. You(not) return the book to me now. You can keep it till next week if you like it.2. A computer(not) think for itself. It must be told what to do.3. You(not) throw the paper about. You should keep the room clean and tidy.3.1 go climbing with them, but I'm not sure yet.5. Lots of people went to see the film, so I think it be very interesting.6. -Must I finish reading the book in a week? -No, you.7. we go swimming in the river this afternoon?8. Mr. Smith(not) be in his bedroom, he be in his office. Because he phoned me justnow.9. Til look after the boy because he is too young.10. He is so strong that he lift the box easily.【答案】needn't 2. can't 3. mustn't 4. may 5. must 6. needn't/doiTt have to 7. Shall 8. can't; must 9. have to 10. can单项选择- Daniel be the new chairperson of the Students9 Union?He be, but I'm not sure.D. May; mustn'tD. mustA. Can; can'tB. Can; mayC. May; must-Can I go to the park, Mum?-Certainly. But you be back by six o'clock.A. canB. mayC. might-How many English words do you think I should know?As many as you. Then you will find reading quite easy.C. canD. mightA. willB. mustCan we run across the road now?-No, we, We wait until the light turns green.D. shouldn't; mustD. mightA. needn't; must B. mustn't; have toC. couldn't; have to-1 don't care what my teachers think.Well, you.A. couldB. wouldC. shouldIt doesn't look like rain, so you bring your umbrella with you.A. shouldn'tB. mustn'tC. can'tD. needn'tWhat volunteer work you like to do?-1 like to cheer up sick people in the hospital.D. would; wouldA.would； will B. will; wouldC. will; will【答案】bdcbcdd链接中考：（2022 扬州市中考）7. Protect your hearing. Don't wait until you hear a thing.A. needn'tB. mustn'tC. shouldn'tD. can't【答案】D【解析】句意：保护你的听力。不要等到你什么也听不见。考查情态动词。needii"不必；mustn,t 禁止；shouldn't 不应该；can"不能。根据“Protect your hearing. Don" wait until you.hear a thing”可知此处表示“现在就开始保护听力，等不能听到声音再保护就晚 了”，使用can"。应选D。（2022 宿迁市中考）7. All of us follow the traffic rules when going out.一Exactly! Safety comes first.A. mightB. mustC. mayD. could【答案】B【解析】句意：外出时，我们所有人都必须遵守交通规那么。一一确实！平安第一。考查情态动词辨析。might可能;must必须;may可能;could可能。根据“AH of us . follow the trafficrules when going out”可知，此处指必须遵守交通规那么，应选B。（2022 连云港市中考）9. The pubic signin the library means peoplesmoke there.A. couldB. must C. couldn'tD. mustn't【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词的词义辨析。这里指的图标是“禁止吸烟”的意思，用miistii"表示。（2022 无锡市中考）5. We should learn some basic life skills since we depend on ourselves some day.A. canB. can'tC. mustD. mustn't【答案】c【解析】考查情态动词的辨析。这里说的是：既然将来有一天我们必须依靠我们自己，我们应该要 学会一些基本的生活技能。