托福写作同义词替换词（全).docx

同义词替换词国内考生常用的表达更得分的表达方式名词1things that one tries hard to doone's undertakings/ one's commitments2The fact is that.The reality is that.3joyhappiness/ delight/ enjoyment4sadnesssorrow/ grief5dangerhazard/ peril （后面这个词语气很强，不安全程 度非同一般）派生dangerous； hazardous6educationschooling （指学校教育，家庭教育那么用 upbringing/ parenting）区分家庭教育的两个 词upbringing是从孩子的角度说的，比方 children's upbringing； 而 parenting 是从家长 的角度来说，比方sensible parenting.7advertisement/ advertising如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过 不停轮换使用 advertisement/ advertising 有多 郁闷。其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类 细化，比方'commercials电视或者互联网上 的广告），flyers （传单广告，北京最常见的 形式就是 “ 135*,办证"），billboards大幅的广告牌）或者non-profitadvertisements二public-interest advertisements （公益广告8carAutomobile9economic crisiseconomic meltdown （很接近/recession 这 个一般仅仅还是衰退）/the Great Depression这个那么是特指1929年开场的那次了）10famous peoplecelebrities(单数为 celebrity)11human beings备考生使 用过多）humanity注意这个词的单数指人类，复数 指人文学科）/the human race12wealthfortunefortune作财富的意思时可以加复 数）13相关richwealthy/ affluent (adj.)14skill"technique（注意这个词的正确解释是技能 或者方法，而不是technology科技）15派生skilledadept/ adroit (adj.)230usey utilize/exploit231use. againRecycle232work hardwork assiduously233gety acquire (注意 acquire/ gain knowledge 比 learn knowledge在地道英文中更加常见)234considercontemplate/ reflect on/ ponder235meetencounter,多用于政府，文化或者success这样 偏大一些的话题236provide sth.afford sth.（在正式英文写作中，afford经常可 以表示“提供237needrequire （注意主语如果是人称那么一般还需要使 用need,但如果主语是事物，那么可以改用 require）238like sth. very muchhave an affinity for sth. / have a strong attachment to sth.239be unhappy aboutcomplain about (v.)/ be discontended with (adj.)240ask forRequest241raiseelevate,就是正式版的raise,但只是"提高"而 不能表示抚养小孩的意思242look like sth.resemble sth.243treat. poorlymistreat./ abuse.244consider sth. valuablevalue sth./ treasure sth./ cherish sth.245keep% maintain/ preserve这个词后面经常跟 traditions/ cultural heritage/ wild animals/ natural resources 等246mix. togetherblend/ combine/ synthesize247solvetackle/ combat/ address248noticeDiscern249understand. to mean./ to be.interpretas（很多时候这个词并不是口译， 而是把理解为.）250choose sth./ choose to do sth.opt for sth./ opt to do sth.251achievefulfill (one's dream/ one's goal/ one*s potential/ one's obligation/ one's promise/ one's task)252appear in large numberssprout up/ mushroom253make. less seriousrelieve/ ease/ alleviate (作文中经常用到的搭配有 relieve stress/ alleviate poverty/ ease the traffic congestion 等)254pay.fbr (one's loss)compensate. fbr.255pay.for (one!s effort)reward. for.256make sth. fasteraccelerate sth./ speed up sth.257joinparticipate in258outweightprevail over （大家应该已经注意到了，新托福议 论文的题目中经常出现outweight这个词用来比 较事物的重要性或者;利弊，在作文中最好不要重 复考题中出现过的特征词汇）259contribute topromote/ facilitate这两个词都是及物动词，所 以不需要跟to）260prevent the development of.hinder/impede/ inhibit/ obstruct.261find out心 identify262encourage sb. to.motivate sb. to*263like sth. very muchadore sth.264dislike sth. very muchabhor/ detest/ loathe265hateresent/ hold a grudge against266limitrestrict/ constrain267avoid% bypass/ eschew/ shun268is not limited to.is not restricted to./ is not confined to.经常用来描述一个trend不仅限于某个范围)269be so surprisedbe astonished/ be astounded/ be startled270decideDetermine271move to.relocate to./ have been relocated to.272come from.originate from/ in.273improveboost/ enhance (比方 boost solidarity 增进团结/ enhance productivity 提高生产率)274wasteuse. lavishly275attackassail（语气更强烈）276reducecurtail （多用于政府投资类话题）/diminish多 用于文化类或者开展类中的抽象话题）277increaseaugment （多用于政府投资类话题）278helpAssist279help (n.)Assistance280set upEstablish281try to do sth.attempt to do sth.282try hard to do sth.make a strenuous/ an arduous/ a painstaking effort to do sth.283changeAlter284change. a lotfundamentally change./ radically change./ transform.285solveaddress/ combat286correct (vt.)rectify (a mistake)287take downdemolish/ raze （谈到拆老建筑的时候常用）288Obeyabide by/ comply with/ conform to (后面金艮 the law/ rules/ regulations 等)289Banban. altogether/ strictly prohibit.290criticizecondemn/ denounce （这两个词一般用于政府类话 题，但不要用在教育类）291increaseshow an upward trend/ be on the rise 反义：show a downward trend292depend onhinge on= be contingent on意思是： 取决 于)293depend onrely on （意思是：依靠294deal withcope with295do one's best to do sth.commit oneself to doing sth./ strive to do sth./ doone's utmost to do sth./ spare no effort to do sth.296use upexhaust (energy/ resources)/ stretch (resources) to the limit297report the details of sth.report sth. In graphic detail298prevent sb. from focusing on.distract sb. from.299spend A on B= dedicate A to B300use too much.stretch. to the limit/ put a strain on.301pourdischarge (排放，环境类话题常用，比方discharge chemical waste into rivers, streams and lakes)302get used toget accustomed to303die outgo extinct304continue to existPersist305come with.be attended by / be accompanied by.306broaden one's horizonsexpand one's outlook/ enlarge one's vision (broaden one's horizons这个句型已经被考生使 用过多惨遭贬值)307break the lawviolate the law308put sb. In prisonincarcerate sb.309make laws against.legislate against.310相关lawlegislation （名词,注意law在特指具体的法律时 可以用复数，但是legislation不能用复数311make sth. activestimulate （后面经常品艮 imagination/ creativity/ interest/ economic growth 等词汇）312make one's dreamcome truefulfill one!s potential/ attain one*s goal313have the right to do sth.be entitled to do sth.314lead to change inact as a catalyst fbr change in.315stick toadhere to/ cling to （注意后面这个有时候略带贬 义）316deal with the needmeet the demand/ satisfy the need317take. away from sb.deprive sb. of（省略号中可以填入freedom/ leisure time/ the right to等值得拥有的内容）318give sb. the ability toenable sb. to319get a clear idea ofget a clear perspective of320be lostgo astray作文中如果写青少年“误入歧途， 就不要再写get lost）321spend too much time onbe addicted to/ be preoccupied with/ be obsessed with （这三个词组的语气越来越强）322prepare fbr.pave the way for./ lay the groundwork fbr./ lay a solid foundation for.（为打好根基）323break the balanceupset the balance324balance A and Bstrike a balance between A and B （在 A 和 B 之间 争取一种平衡）325catchcapture326think of. asregard .as/ view. as/perceive.as327get rid ofeliminate/ remove328get rid ofabolish多用于政府类话题，废除）329make. higherdrive up （后面经常跟 the crime rate/ unemployment rate）副词330more and more +adj.Increasingly +adj.但要注意如果后面不是adj. 而是noun,那么就可以用an increasing number of （跟可数名词）/ an increasing amount of跟 不可数名词）来代替331mainlyprimarily/ principally/ chiefly332In the old days,.Traditionally,./ Historically,.333nowy currently334Actually,.仁Technically,严格来说它的意思并不是 “事实上，但在学术写作中它是一个表示“准确地说非常帮的词语）335very soonimmediately336not often at allrarely337completelyentirely338do sth. without careful thoughtdo sth. Impulsively339blindlyindiscriminately （不加选择的）/mechanically （机 械的）340only弋merely （注意只有a little/ a bit后面跟 形容词的时候才可以这样替换）341a little/ a bitsomewhat （注意只有a little/ a bit后面跟形容词 的时候才可以这样替换）342mainlyprimarily/ principally/ chiefly短语或句型343aboutregarding/ concerning/ with respect to/ with regard to344before.prior to.345a fewa handful of （请注意仅指少数时a couple of容易 被挑剔的考官判为过于口语化）346Although., the real situation is.Hypothetically,./ Theoretically,./ In theory/ Ideally,.But in reality, ./ But in actuality,./ But in practice,. .（Ideally 指“理想化地说）347Most young people.Young people tend to. = Young people typically. （tend to和typically都是表示某一类人多半会怎 样做的常用表达）348needs to be changedis crying out for reform固定短语）349be punished by the lawbe brought to justice350do sth. togethermake a concerted effort to do sth.351It is common for sb.to.It is standard practice fbr sb. to.352is based on.is predicted on.353have no choice but to.have no option but to./ have no alternative but to.354be worth the effortbe worthwhile355and so onetc .前面可加逗号）356become more thanexceed/surpass357grow fastgrow dramatically/ soar/ rocket358fall fastfall drastically/ plunge/ plummet359much higherconsiderably/ substantially/ significantly higher360a little highermarginally higher/ slightly higher/ fractionally higher361is closely connectedis intrinsically linked to.362throughby way of （介词短语）363on the wholeoverall364because ofdue to/ owing to新托福作文中这两个词组后面 经常是跟负面含义的名词）365before （时间）prior to366in this aspectin this regard/ in this respect （这里不是尊重的意 思，而是指某方面）367despite/ in spite ofnotwithstanding （请注意这三个词都是后面不惜 紧跟名词或者名词短语，而不可以直接跟从句）368in factas a matter of fact % in essence/ essentially （in essence/ essentially 的意思是"本质上"）369besidesapart from370about/ aroundapproximately371It is obvious that.It is evident that.372sth. stops.sth. comes to a standstill373be similar to.be akin to（学术写作中相当常见的句型）374A is as . as BB is . A is equally.375It is impossible that.It is highly unlikely that.376A has made B+adj./n.A has rendered B+adj./ n.这里的宾语 B 后面 只能是跟形容词或者名词）377A has made B do sth.A has promoted/ impelled sb. to do sth.（注意这 两个词后面的宾语之后不能省略to）378sth. does not always remain the same.sth. is not carved in stone （某事物并非一成不变）379A high percentage of.The proportion of. is very high.的 比例很高）380The cause of. is .can be attributed to/ can be ascribed to.可以归 因于）381no matterregardless of/ irrespective of （注意 no matter 后面 般总艮从句，而regardless of和irrespective of后 面多数时候跟名词或者名词短语）382talking about./ speaking ofin terms of.（经常用来限制一个命题的适用范 围，比方 In terms of culture, this city is fascinating. But in terms of traffic, it is inferior.）16methodmethodology （国外学术写作中超级常用的 词，基本就是method的故作高深版）17fieldsphere/ domain/ arena18understanding of% grasp of/ command of19choiceOption20cooperationcollaboration21basic structure in a city or a countryInfrastructure22tiredness for a long timeFatigue23is a must ofis a prerequisite for 是的必备先决条件）24the InternetFhe information highway（一篇考生作文里Internet被使用十几次是常事儿）25honestyintegrity26strong belieffaith (in)27aimIntention28worriesanxieties （是的，这两个词确实都可以加复数）29influenceimpact/ repercussion/ implication30influence on each othermutual influence类似的表达还有 mutual respect, mutual trust 和 mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/ interplay between A and B31many different kinds of.a variety of./ a wide array of./ a wide range of.32wrong ideas held by many peopleMisconceptions33fameprestige/ sterling reputation34rangespectrum35sense% recognition36partcomponent （这个词不仅指零件，在学术写 作中也经常指“局部）37wise相关sensible (adj.)38gapDisparity39a system for a particular purpose% a mechanism for-40a solution to sth.a remedy for sth.（生活中经常指一种病的治 疗方法，但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题 的解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同）41bad students心 unruly students/ disruptive students42bad behaviorunethical behavior/ immoral behavior43organizations that help poor peoplecharities/ charitable organizations44differenceDistinction45派生be different frombe distinct from (adj.)46personIndividual47personality“ disposition48businessesenterprises 1这里指企业)49prices that are too highexorbitant prices50the rate of.the incidence of后面一般跟坏事儿，比方 unemployment/ crime/ a disease)51intense enthusiasmzeal/ passion52cultural globalization有 过多人使用这个词）global cultural homogenization53a thing that is necessarya necessity54a thing that is new and interestinga novelty55a thing that is rarea rarity56things that people are not sure aboutUncertainties57a world languagea universal language58friendsCompanions59relaxationy recreation60self-respectx self-esteem and dignity61respect sb./ sth.hold sb./ sth. in high regard62反义look down on.treat. with contempt = despise (v.)63self-controlself-discipline64criminalConvict65prisonerInmate66drinks% alcoholic beverages67people who walk on the streetPedestrians68old generations in historyAncestors69a person who benefits from sth.a beneficiary of sth.70a disease that spreads quicklyan epidemic （注意这个词虽然是-ic结尾，却 不是形容词71a very unpleasant way of lifeMisery adj-> miserable72a task that requires lots of effortan arduous task73emotiony sentiment74enemy“ opponent/ foe75narrow mindsinsular minds 狭隘的头脑或者观念）76a way to do sth.an approach to doing sth./ an avenue towards sth.77hobbyy pastime/ diversion78progressprogression （经常指抽象的进步，比方写关 于 society/ career/ technology 的话题）79failuresetback （注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格）80importancesignificance （当你用了 一次 importance 之后，第二次不妨用这个81dutyobligation用于比较重要的责任）82difficultyhindrance/ impediment/ hurdles83pressure from your classmatespeer pressure84citizens who can worklabor force/ workforce （都是总体概念，而且 注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格）85problems or diseases that exist for a long timepersistent problems/ chronic diseases86a life without regular exercisea sedentary lifestyle87resultconsequence （表示消极的结果更多一些）88thoughts仁 considerations89the lack of knowledgeignorance注意在地道英文里，这个词经常 并不表示“无视，而是表示“无知）90harm (n.)adverse effect91harm (vt.)damage destroy/ ruin 这两个词 比 damage 程度更重)spoil(后面跟 the cityscape/ scenery/ environment) undermine (后面跟抽象概念， 比方 stability/ social order/ harmony) jeopardize后面跟抽象概念，比方one's future/ one*s career) tarnish (后面总艮 one's reputation/ image) sap/ dampen 后面时艮 one's enthusiasm/ interest/ confidence)92派生harmfuldetrimental (adj.)93派生be harmful to% pose a threat to94bad luckMisfortune95troubleadversity/ dilemma/ predicament/ hardship96crimeoffense/ criminal act97youth crimejuvenile delinquency98criminaloffender/ culprit/ perpetrator99serious crimeheinous crime/ felony100a minor crimea misdemeanor101shortage (of)scarcity (of)/ dearth (of)102the only onean exception103places where animals liveHabitat形容词104worrying% disturbing105very popularprevalent/ ubiquitous106TRUEgenuine (truly a genuinely)107deepprofound (深刻的，后面经常跟wisdom/ truths/ understanding/ impact/ thoughts)108stron