专题03 阅读理解说明文-2023年高考英语阅读完形名校好题100篇(解析版).docx

阅读理解说明文1.2022北京人大附中校考三模2. 2022江苏南京南京市第一中学校考一模3. 2022吉林长春长春吉大附中实验学校校考模拟预测4. 2023浙江舟山舟山中学校考模拟预测5. 2022山东山东省实验中学校考模拟预测6. 2022湖北武汉武汉二中校考模拟预测7. 2022广东华南师大附中校考一模8. 2022重庆重庆一中校考模拟预测9. 2021四川成都成都外国语学校校考模拟预测10. 2022全国高考真题A(2022北京人大附中校考三模)The art of fabric dyeing is an ancient one dating back to 3500 BC. Over the centuries we humans have sought to brighten our appearance with clothing that reflects the vibrant natural colours seen in nature, and many colourants were originally sourced from the natural world around us.Waste chemicals from the dyes themselves arc often highly toxic Azo dyes which account for 60 70 per cent of all dyes used become toxic when broken down and metabolized and the fixing agents used which can contain fbrmaldchyd and chlorine compounds, arc no better, with links to allergies and cancer, not only hazardous to humans but also to the environment.When synthetic dyes were discovered in 1856 an even greater array of colours became possible, and with the advent of the industrial revolution the Ihbric industry boomed. In the modem age, consumer demand fuels the fashion houses and colour is king: but the dyeing of fabrics comes at a price.In total over 800() chemicals have been identified as being used in the dyeing process, many of which have been noted as hazardous to health. Add to this the vast amount of water required fbr the dyeing process in which huge water baths arc needed at every stage of the process and we can see why the industry is one of the most environmentally damaging on earth, responsible fbr at least 17 20 per cent of total water pollution.So is there another way? Well synthetic biologist Orr Yarkoni certainly thinks so. His company Colorifix have pioneered a new technique which bypasses traditional dyeing techniques in favour of an approach based on nature's 政治和宗教议程。户和第四段“Organizers of the exhibition produced a set of cards, with images of animals on one side and their cultural meanings in Chinese artistic tradition on the other.（展览组织者制作 了 ,套卡 片，一边是动物的图像，另一边是它们在中国艺术传统中的文化意义。户可推断，Lively CreaturesAnimals in Chinese Art展览展出的绘画展示了中国文化的魅力。故选D。15. C 解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“'It's kind of eye-opening and we're bringing the world together/ says Makar, an educator with the school outreach and education programs of the museum. 'There are so many similarities as well as beautiful differences, and we are just trying to understand and appreciate one another（“这有点让人大开眼界，我们把世界连在了一起，”负责博物馆学校外展和教育项目的教育工作 者马卡尔说。“我们有很多相似之处，也有很多美丽的不同点，我们只是在努力理解和欣赏彼此。 可知，马卡尔认为博物馆的展览让人大开眼界，不同的文化有相似也有不同，增进彼此的理解和欣赏。 因此推断他认为参观博物馆是信息丰富并且多元化的。故选CoA 解析推理判断题o 根据最后一段 I loward 说的话“I think having access to seeing what other cultures have created, what they valued and appreciated, and what was important to them, is really important in building that understanding about all the people we share this planet with.（我认为,有机会 T解其他文化创 造了什么，他们重视和欣赏什么，以及对他们来说重要的是什么，这对于建立与我们共享这个星球的 所有人的理解非常重要。）“可知，Howard认为通过参观博物馆可以让人们了解其他文化，因此推断他 认为建立博物馆可以在不同文化之间架起桥梁。故选A。E（2022山东山东省实验中学校考模拟预测）A record surge in the creation of marine protected areas has taken the intemational community close to its goal of creating nature refuges on 17% of the world's land and 10% of seas by 2020, according to a new UN report. Protected region snow cover more than five times the territory of the US, but the authors said this good news was often undermined by poor enlbrcement. Some reserves are little more than “paper parks” with little value to nature conservation. Atleast one has been turned into an industrial zone. More than 27m square kilometres of seas （7% of the total） and 20m sq km of land （15% of the total） now have protected status, according to the Protected Planet report, which was released on Sunday at the UN biodiversity conference in Shann cl-Shcikh, Egypt.Almost all of the growth has been in marine regions, most notably with the creation last year of the world's biggest protected area: the 2m sq km Ross Sea reserve, one-fifth of which is in the Antarctic. The no-fishing zone will be managed by New Zealand and the US.“We have seen an enormous expansion in the past two years. There is now more marine protected area than terrestrial, which nobody would have predicted J said Kathy McKinnon of the International Union fbr the Consenation of Nature. think we'll continue to see a substantial increase, I'd guess, to at least 10% in the near future.The UN convention on biological diversity says it has received national commitments fbr an additional 4.5m sq km of land and 16in sq km of oceans to be given protected status in the next two years. This would put it on course to achieve one of the key aims of the 2010 Aichi biodiversity targets.“This is the target with the most progress. In an ocean of bad news about biodiversity loss and cco-dcstruction, it is important to highlight that progress, though wc still have a lot more to do to ensure not just the quantitive target but the effectiveness of the management,'' said CristianaPa5ca Palmer, the head of UN Biodiversity.The creation of protected areas has not been enough to halt a collapse of species and ecosystems that threatens civilisation. Since 1970 humanity has wiped out 60% of mammal, bird, fish and reptile populations, with a dangerous knock-on impact on food production, fisheries and climate stability.Protected areas are important refuges from this wave of extinctions but many are underfunded and poorly policed. Only one in five have provided management assessments to the UN, which has raised questions about the viability of the rest.Naomi Kingston, of UN environment world consen ation monitoring centre, said: "There is a race to deliver on Aichi target 11. It is fantastic that countries arc coming with more ambition, but not if it is just a number without substance.“Some areas that have been reported to us as protected areas have been completely built over. We need datasets to define which areas are paper parks and which are real.Developing nations have better reporting standards because many are obliged to provide regular assessments in order to qualify fbr funds from the Global Environment Fund. By contrast, many wealthier nations devote few resources to monitoring.Discussions will fbcus on a new, more flexible category fbr community land that is used by locals fbr both agricultural production and wildlife consen ation. In Africa, Asia and Latin America, this is a model that has often helped improve biodiversity because residents often from indigenous communities live closely with nature and have an interest in protecting it.16. What promotes the achievement of the goals of marine nature resenes?A. Poor management of marine protected areas.B. Loss of biodiversity and ecological destruction.C. Rapid growth in the number of marine protected areas.D. Commitments in the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.17. What impact does the establishment of “paper parks"have on protected areas?A. They have promoted the expansion of marine protected areas.B. They have little value fbr nature conservation.C. They all turn into industrial zones.D. They will slow down the collapse of ecosystems.18. According to the passage, what is Kathy McKinnon's point of view?A. NcwZcaland and the United States regulate fishing-ban zones.B. In the near future, the number of marine refiiges will increase by at least 10%.C. The quantity and management quality of marine refuges are equally important.D. Many countries have ambitions to achieve Aichi 11.19. What does this passage mainly talk about?A. A recorded surge in the creation of marine protected areas.B. Developing countries may receive funding from the Global Environment Facility.C. The Increase of marine refuges and the views of relevant personnel.D. Achieving Aichi 11 Goal.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海洋保护区的建立出现了创纪录的激增。说明了保护区几 乎所有的增长都发生在海洋地区，文章引述了不同的人对此的看法和评价以及保护区未来的发展等。17. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一record surge in the creation of marine protected areas has taken the international community close to its goal of creating nature refuges on 17% of the world's land and 10% of seas by 2020, according to a new UN report.(联合国一份新报告称，海洋保护区的创建激增，使国际社会 接近其到202()年在世界17%的陆地和10%的海洋上建立自然保护区的目标)“可知，海洋保护区数量迅 速增长推动了海洋自然保护区目标的实现。故选C。18. B 解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“Some reserves arc little more than "paper parksM with little value tonature conservation.（有些保护区不过是“纸公园”，对自然保护没有什么价值）''可知，"纸公园''的建立对 自然保护没有什么价值。故选B。19. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“"We have seen an enormous expansion in the past two years. There is now more marine protected area than terrestrial, which nobody would have predicted,said Kathy McKinnon of the International Union fbr the Consen-ation of Nature.think we'll continue to see a substantial increase, I'dguess, to at least 10% in the near future."（“过去两年，我们看到了巨大的扩张。国际自然保护联盟的Kathy McKinnon说:“现在海洋保护区比陆地保护区要多，这是没有人预料到的。"我认为，我们将继续看到 大幅增长，我猜，在不久的将来,至少会达到10%。可知,Kathy McKinnon认为在不久的将来,海 洋保护区的数量将增加至少10%。故选A 解析主旨大意题 o 根据第一段“A record surge in the creation of marine protected areas has taken the international community close to its goal of creating nature refuges on 17% of the world's land and 10% of seas by 2020, according to a new UN report.（联合国一份新报告称，海洋保护区的创建激增，使国际社会 接近其到2020年在世界17%的陆地和10%的海洋上建立自然保护区的目标）”结合文章还说明了保护区 几乎所有的增长都发生在海洋地区，文章引述了不同的人对此的看法和评价以及保护区未来的发展等。 可知，这篇文章主要讲的是海洋保护区的建立出现了创纪录的激增。故选A。F（2022,湖北武汉武汉二中校考模拟预测）An economist, Adam Smith, famously wrote that 4tit is not from the benevolence （慈善）of the butcher, the brewer or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own scIRintcrcst." Like Smith, many economists today believe one's self-interest is what drives competition and growth in market economies. Yet, in an increasingly interconnected society, it is even more crucial to have cooperative skills. Thus we should encourage cooperation to better prepare children fbr the fiiture.Firstly, cooperation is an especially prized soft skill in the present age. As a study proves, soft skills such as good communication and empathy （共情）indicate outstanding employees as compared to technical skills or knowledge. In contrast, extremely competitive and individualistic behavior may damage social relations in the community of co-workers. Even the most competent employee may fail to pursue his goals effectively without others, help.Moreover, encouraging cooperation boost children's sclfrcspcct that better prepares them fbr the competitive world. Many modern societies arc consumed by a crazy drive fbr success and the pressure to perform has in61tratcd both classrooms and offices, causing higher rates of anxiety and depression among people. Teamwork can help an individual realize each has his or her own unique abilities and that another person's strengths don't discount his or her talents. Thus, cooperation can confirm children's self-worth by coiTecting the insight that winning or paper achievement is the only measure of success.However, critics may claim adapting to competition should be given priority in education and parenting. To achieve one's ambitions, one has to actively fight fbr opportunities and distinguish oneself from others. Nevertheless, since passion can already stimulate children to fulfill their ambitions, the need to encourage competition may be at the end of the day. As much as external competition can drive people to pursue excellence, internal motivation is at least equally or even more essential, and cooperation plays an instrumental role in helping one uncover one's motivations.20. What can be inferred from Adam Smith's words?A. Our society is increasingly interconnected.B. Our dinner is made out of the regards to markets.C. Self-interest pushes the development of economies.D. The butcher, the brewer or the baker is not sympathetic.21. What does the underlined word “infiltrated “ mean in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Brightened. B. Decorated. C. Defended.D. Entered.22. Which of the following might the author agree with?A. Paper achievement is the only measure of success.B. One's ambitions can be achieved through cooperation.C. Competition is not necessary fbr people to pursue excellence.D. Actively fighting fbr distinguishing oneself should be prioritized.23. What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?A. To introduce the advantages of cooperation.B. To compare cooperation with competition.C. To suggest enhancing competitive skills.D. To advocate teaching children to cooperate.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章从三个方面陈述了合作精神对孩子的重要性，并呼吁父母鼓励他们的 孩子学会合作。21. C 解析推理判断题。根据第一段的“Like Smith, many economists today believe one's sclf-intcrcst is what drives competition and growth in market economics.（和史密斯一样，今天的许多经济学家认为，在市场经 济中，一个人的自身利益是推动竞争和增长的因素。）“可知，史密斯的那句话“it is not from the bcncvolcncc （慈善）of the butcher, the brewer or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own self-interest.（我们不是从屠夫、酿酒师或面包师的仁慈中期待我们的晚餐，而是从他们对自身 利益的考虑中。厂意在说明个人利益推动经济的发展。故选C。22. D【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段的"Many modern societies are consumed by a crazy drive fbr success and the pressure to perform（许多现代社会被对成功的疯狂追求所吞噬，表现的压力）“和“both classrooms and offices, causing higher rates of anxiety and depression among people（教室和办公室，导致人们更容易焦虑和 抑郁）”可知划线词所在的句子表示“许多现代社会被对成功的疯狂追求所消耗，表现的压力经渗透到 教室和办公室，导致人们焦虑和抑郁的比例更高。”可知，压力是进入教室和办公室，导致人们焦虑和 抑郁的比例更高，划线词infiltrated的意思是“进入”，和entered的意思相近，故选D。23. B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Moreover, encouraging cooperation boost children's self-respect that better prepares them fbr the competitive world.（此外，鼓励合作可以提高孩子的自尊，更好地为他们面对 竞争的世界做好准备。）”和最后一段的“Nevertheless, since pass沁n can already stimulate children to fulfill their ambitions, the need to encourage competition may be at the end of the day. As much as external competition can drive people to pursue excellence, internal motivation is at least equally or even more essential, and cooperation plays an instrumental role in helping one uncover one's motivations4然而，由于热 情已经可以刺激孩子实现他们的抱负，鼓励竞争的需要可能是在一天结束。就像外部竞争可以驱使人 们追求卓越一样，内部动机至少是同等的，甚至是更重要的，合作在帮助人们发现自己的动机方面发 挥着重要作用。）”可知，作者认为信心和雄心可以通过合作来实现。故选B。24. D【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要说明了培养合作精神对孩子的重要性：是一种非常重 要的软技能，能帮助孩子建立信心，有助于孩子实现雄心。结合第一段的“Yet, in an increasingly interconnected society, it is even more crucial to have cooperative skills. Thus we should encourage cooperation to better prepare children for the future.（然而，在一个相互联系日益紧密的社会中，拥有合作 技能甚至更加重要。因此，我们应该鼓励合作，以更好地为儿童的未来做好准备。户可知，作者写这篇 文章的目的是呼吁父母鼓励他们的孩子学会合作。故选DoG（2022广东华南师大附中校考一模）Washing clothes by hand sounds like a simple task, but fbr many women around the world it can do harm to their well-being and living. What would you do with your time if you could spend less time washing your clothes? ”Paid work,“ replied Aleas, a 49-year-old woman from a family of 10 with no access to an electric washing machine. She spent 8-12 hours every week washing everyone's clothes by hand and described how the required body position of sitting on her feet caused her back pain.Washing Machine Project provides low-