专题03 阅读理解说明文-2023年高考英语阅读完形名校好题100篇(原卷版).docx

阅读理解说明文1.2022北京人大附中校考三模2. 2022江苏南京南京市第一中学校考一模3. 2022.吉林长春.长春吉大附中实验学校校考模拟预测4. 2023浙江舟山舟山中学校考模拟预测5. 2022山东山东省实验中学校考模拟预测6. 2022湖北武汉武汉二中校考模拟预测7. 2022广东华南师大附中校考一模8. 2022重庆重庆一中校考模拟预测9. 2021四川成都成都外国语学校校考模拟预测10. 2022全国高考真题A(2022北京人大附中校考三模)The art of fabric dyeing is an ancient one elating back to 3500 BC. Over the centuries we humans have sought to brighten our appearance with clothing that reflects the vibrant natural colours seen in nature, and many colourants were originally sourced from the natural world around us.Waste chemicals from the dyes themselves are often highly toxic Azo dyes which account for 60 70 per cent of all dyes used become toxic when broken clown and metabolized and the fixing agents used which can contain fonnaldchyd and chlorine compounds, arc no better, with links to allergies and cancer, not only hazardous to humans but also to the environment.When synthetic dyes were discovered in 1856 an even greater array of colours became possible, and with the advent of the industrial revolution the fabric industry boomed. In the modern age, consumer demand fuels the fashion houses and colour is king: but the dyeing of fabrics comes at a price.In total over 8(X)0 chemicals have been identified as being used in the dyeing process, many of which have been noted as hazardous to health. Add to this the vast amount of water required fbr (he dyeing process in which huge water baths are needed a( every stage of the process and we can see why the industry is one of the most environmentally damaging on earth, responsible for at least 17 - 20 per cent of total water pollution.So is there another way? Well synthetic biologist Orr Yarkoni certainly thinks so. His company Colorifix have pioneered a new technique which bypasses traditional dyeing techniques in favour of an approach based on nature's own methods. Rather than fighting nature he believes we need to lap into i( in order to solve the complex environmental issues (hat challenge us today.*Colorifix is very much inspired from nature“ he says, “nature has created a whole palette of colours that we see on a daily basis”.Sourcing colours from a range of natural pigments, he then engineers microorganisms using year. Meta has recently announced that the supercomputer is currently operating and calls it the AI Research SupcrClustcr, or RSC.Meta hopes RSC will help build entirely new AI systems that can, for example, power real-time voice translation to large groups of people, each speaking a different language. Such an operation fits with Meta's stated goal of developing technologies to build a future “metaverse"，a term used to describe a non-physical world. Meta's CEO Mark Zuckerberg says, “I believe the metaverse, a highly virtual world where people in the world gather to socialize, play, and work is the next chapter fbr the Intemet. Such a system requires very powerful computers. The supercomputer will be able to deal with written information, images and videos that are in hundreds of different languages, up to 20 times faster than current systems.Meta said with access to “real-world examples'' from its social platforms, its supercomputer will train new AI to recognize different kinds of content and perform actions examining huge amounts of data. It added that data used will be encrypted before entering the training process to ensure that it is not accessible without authority.Now, Meta still uses a combination of humans and Al to identify and remove, what it considers, harmful content and misinformation. Some critics say the company is not doing enough to block bad content. It has also face government examination over its business methods and users' privacy in the United States and Europe. But the company believes its supercomputer will be helpful in “ils first priority - no threatening users5 information security while approaching harmful content.What can we infer about the metaverse in Paragraph 2?A. The metaverse is designed to escape from life for fun.B. Mela's CEO Mark Zuckerberg created the metaverse.C. Current technology is not sufficient for the metaverse.D. The metaverse will replace the Internet in the next step.29. What can take the place of the underlined word "encrypied” in Paragraph 3?A. Recorded.B. Processed. C. Acquired.D. Exchanged.30. What is the major concern for Meta when dealing with harmful content?A.The removal of bad content.B.The identification of information.C.The protection of users' privacy.D.The combination of humans and AI.31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.RSC: a faster way to deal with data.B.Meta: a company dedicated to the metaverse.C. Mela: a social media platform to train new AI. D. RSC: Meta' fastest supercomputer in the world.（2021 四川成都成都外国语学校校考模拟预测）Not only does the use of plastic waterbottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $ 1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.It is a convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunken or eaten. To drink it, you can either peel off the membrane（薄膜）or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put （he whole bottle in your mouth. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship large amounts of Ooho bubbles（水泡）without arriving with a very wet Iruck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events, such as marathons, music festivals, and sporting events, where tons of plastic bodies are used, and frequently left behind as litter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho; they have recently applied a patent for their new advancements. The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. It has appeared at events in London. San Francisco, Boston, at conferences, festivals, and so on.Ooho is catching many people's attention and has raised over $ 1 million and gained 1.000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer's interest while the production machine is getting up and ninning. It is quickly making a rise,so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.32. How is most plastic dealt with in America?B. It's recycled.D. It's wasted.B. To protect （he environment.D. To reduce the cost of plastic bottle.A. It's sold.C. It's buried.33. Why did the team invent Ooho?A. To make a profit for a company.C. To make people eat as they drink.34. What can wc infer about Ooho from the text?A. It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.B. It has become popular since it began to be sold.C. It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.D. It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.35. What does the author really want （o say in the last paragraph?A. Ooho is to be a success in the future.B. Ooho is being supported by smart people.C. Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.D. Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.J（2022全国高考真题）Can a small group of drones （无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky5' technology to make sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure （基础设施）worldwide are safe for （rains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient （高效）across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able （o react in time.36. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones' ability to work at high altitudes. C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones' reliable performance in remote areas. 38. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Personnel safety.B.Assistance from drones.C.Inspection and repair.D.Construction of infrastructure.39. What function is expected of （he rail drones?A.lb provide early warning.B.To make trains run automatically.C. lb earn profits for the crews.D. To accelerate transportation.40. Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesHow Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedB. What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceHow Drones Will Change the Future of RailwaysDNA to convert agricultural by-products into dyes. When the microorganisms burst, they “fix” the colour to the fabric, thus reducing the need for massive amounts of water. The organisms themselves can be grown, or fermented, once the DNA code for the necessary colourant has been implanted and this natural reproduction is fast and efficient. Overall the whole process uses less water, produces less waste, and needs far less chemicals. A new way forward inspired by nature.1. According to the passage, dyeing fabrics comes at a price because.A. The dyeing materials are poisonousThe dyeing materials are rather expensiveB. The dyeing process pollutes the environmentThe dyeing process needs plenty of water2. What is a feature of the dyeing technique proposed by Colorifix?A. It is environmentally friendly.B. It takes a longer time to acquire raw materials.C. It employs natural color which does not stay long.D. It needs less water but produces poisonous pollutants.3. What can we infer from the passage?A. The dyeing process can be pollution free.B. Dyeing fabrics causes the main pollutants.C. The color of nature only comes from plants.D. Human has a long history of pursuing beautiful “color”.4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?A. Breathing life into a dyeing artB. History of dyeing industryC. Unknown danger behind dyeingD. Color comes with a priceB（2022江苏南京南京市第中学校考模）Metin Sitti at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, and his colleagues have developed tiny robots called “microroHers'Thal can carry cancer drugs and selectively target human breast cancer cells. The team drew inspiration for the design of the robots from white blood cells in the human body, which can move along the walls of blood vessels （血管）against the direction of blood flow.The microrollers are round and made from glass microparticles. One half of the robot was coated with a thin magnetic nanofilm （磁性纳米膜）made from nickel and gold. The other half was coated with the cancer drug doxorubicin as well as molecules that recognize cancer cells.The team tested the robots using mouse blood and artificial channels lined with human endothelial cellsthe kind of cells that line the inner walls of our blood vessels. The robots were exposed to a mixture of cancerous and healthy tissue. The niicrorollcrs selectively attached to the cancer cells and were activated using LJV light to release the doxorubicin.By applying magnetic fields, the team was able to control the movement of the microrollers, both with and against （he flow of blood. The microrollcrs can reach a speed of up to 6（X） micrometers per second. "If you come to a spot where you need to take the right path and if you miss it, then you could go back and go to the right one, says Setti.In future, the researchers want to use other methods to start the drug release, such as heat or near-infrared light. They also plan to try making microrollers out of materials that would break down in the body over a few weeks or months.The （earn hopes to test the microrollers in animals soon. "The rollers need to carry enough cancer drugs, which is why we need to have them in large numbers,v says Setti, "But since we can locally take dnigs to the right target, wc don't need huge dosages （剂I量）What can the niicrorollers be used for?A. Repairing blood cells.B. Delivering drugs.C. Improving blood flow.D. Performing operations.5. What docs Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the microrollcrs?A. Their shape. B. Their advantage. C. Their design. D. Their application.6. What can we learn about the robots from Paragraph 4?A.Their direction can be adjusted.B.They might miss the target cells.C.They might get stuck in the blood.D.Their speed can change automatically.7. What will the scientists probably do next?A.Put the niicrorollers to clinical use.B.Sell the niicrorollers in large quantities.C.Tear the microrollcrs down in the body.D.Experiment with the niicrorollers further.c（2022吉林长春长春吉大附中实验学校校考模拟预测）Soot （煤）pollution is speeding up climate-driven melting in Antarctica, a new study suggests, raising questions about how to protect the delicate continent from the increasing number of humans who want to visit.“It really makes us question, is our presence really needed?” says Alia Khan, one of the authors of the new study. t4We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melt.”Black carbon is the leftover thing from burning plants or fossil fuels. Sool in Antarctica comes primarily from waste ga