2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷Ⅲ)英语.docx

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全英语选 择 题 答 案 速 填123456789101112131415BCBACCABAcBACCB161718192021222324252627282930ACABAADCBADDBCB313233343536373839404142434445ACBADEGACFCDBAB464748495051525354555657585960CCDBACADABCBDAD第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（，）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最 佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话 仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.B.C.答案是c。1. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a library.B. In a bookstore.C. In a classroom.答案BHow does the woman feel now?A. Relaxed.B. Excited.C. Tired.答案CHow much will the man pay?29. What did street sales mean to newspapers?A. They would be priced higher.B They would disappear from cities.C. They could have more readers.D. They could regain public trust.C 推理判断题。根据第二段和第三段可知，报纸当时的变化趋势是越来越面向大众， 变得更便宜，而且在街上就可以买到一份报纸，由此可推断报纸的街头销售意味着“报纸可 以拥有更多的读者”，故选C项。30. Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A. Local politicians.B. Common people.C. Young publishers.D. Rich businessmen.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “The trend, then, was toward the 'penny paper' a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.” 可知报纸发展的新趋势的目标读 者是普通人，故选B项。31. What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?A. It was a difficult process.B It was a temporary success.C It was a robbery of the poor.D. It was a disaster for printers.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，报纸的大众化新趋势进展得并不容易，经过了早 期一些企业的失败，然后通过一些年轻而勇敢的商人的努力才成功，故选A项。练后拾词©accordingly .因此appeal to吸引commonplace q办平凡的；普通的长难句分析Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition.已经进入商业领域的出版商，也就是那些成功报纸的拥有者，没有多少欲望来改变这一 传统。分析：people who were owners of successful papers 是句子主语 publishers 的同位语， 其中 people后带有who引导的定语从句，have little desire to do sth.意为“没有多少欲望做某事”。DMonkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a researchers then tested how the monkeys combined-or added -the symbols to get the reward.Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers _17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate（低估）a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value -sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction（小部分）of the smaller number to it.“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, " says."But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”语篇解读主题：人与社会（科学）；话题：猴子算数。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 哈佛医学院做的一项动物实验，实验发现猴子能进行基本的加法运算，但加的结果有时会小 于总和。32. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?A. They fed them.B. They named them.C. They trained them.D. They measured them.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys” 和 “The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined-or added-the symbols to get the reward."可知研究者们是先训练猴子然后才进行测试的，故选C项。其他三项均未提及。33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?A. By drawing a circle.B By touching a screen.C. By watching videos.D. By mixing two drinks.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的"If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice.”可知猴子们是通过触碰屏幕得至I奖励的，故选B项。其他三项均不是猴子所做的事。34. What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?A. They could perform basic addition.B. They could understand simple words.C. They could memorize numbers easily.D. They could hold their attention for long.A 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，研究人员在进行了数百次测试后发现，猴子 多半时候会选择更高的值，这表明它们是在进行计算，而不仅仅是记忆每个组合的值。35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Entertainment.B. Health.C. Education.D. Science.D 推理判断题。全文围绕科学实验展开研究者训练猴子并对其进行测试后发现猴 子能够进行简单的加法运算，但有时计算的结果不够精确。由此可知，该文章可能出现在报 纸的科学版上。练后拾词be provided w汕 装备有（Dcalculation n.计算combination n. 组合©closely 严密地长难句分析After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.在进行了数百次测试后，研究人员注意到，猴子多半时候会选择更高的值，这表明它们 是在进行计算，而不仅仅是记忆每个组合的值。分析：在本句中，第一个that引导宾语从句，作noted的宾语；在宾语从句中，indicating. 为现在分词短语作状语，起补充说明的作用。第二个that同样引导宾语从句。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 36 While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can should be able to extend the logic（逻辑）of each to their particular circumstance.Do 37 Questions about subject content are generally welcom asking questions about thecourse design, read the syllabus（教学大名冈）and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight. Participate in discussion forums（论坛），blogs and other open- ended forums for dialogue. 38 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.Don*ts Don't share personal information or are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 39 Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 40 When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.A. That's what they are for.B Turn to an online instructor for help.C. If more information is needed, they will ask.D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.E. Below are some common do's and don'ts for online learners.F. Everyone has taken a not- so- great class at one time or another.G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.语篇解读主题：人与自我（生活与学习）；话题：建立健康有益的互动交流。本文是一 篇说明文，介绍了在选修网络课程时如何与授课老师建立健康有益的互动交流。这篇文章视 角独特，倡导积极和谐的人际关系和人文情怀。36. E 关联逻辑法解题。空格前说，在网络课堂上，与授课老师建立健康的沟通模式 是非常重要的，空格后说，虽然“我”每个只列出了两条，但显然还有许多其他情况可能发 生。下面的段落紧接着介绍了沟通的注意事项两“做”和两“不做”，因此E项“下面 是在线学习者应该做和不应该做的一些常见事情”符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理解类。37. G 设题位置法解题。空格后说，与主题内容相关的问题通常会受欢迎。在询问有 关课程设计的问题之前，阅读教学大纲和学习管理系统信息，以确保答案不会隐藏在眼皮底 下。由此可推知，此段表达要提出好的有水平的问题，故选G项“问问题，但要确保这些问 题是好的、深思熟虑的问题”。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。38. A 关联逻辑法解题。空格前说，参加论坛、博客和其他开放式论坛来进行对话， 空格后为参加论坛等的一些注意事项，A项“那就是它们的作用“符合语境。本设空类型属 于细节理解类。39. C 关联逻辑法解题。空格前交代，如果你需要延长最后期限，只需向授课老师解 释一下情况，故选C项“如果需要更多的信息，他们会询问“。本设空类型属于细节理解类。40. F 关联逻辑法解题。空格前说，不要公开表达对授课老师或课程的不满，空格后 提及，如果授课老师的专业水平或能力确实令人担忧，一定要使用在线课程评价来冷静地发 表你的意见，因此F项“每个人都曾经有过不太好的上课经历“符合语境。本设空类型属于 细节理解类。练后拾词©participate in 参力口irrelevant a的.无关紧要的；不相关的（ir-是否定前缀）第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March 41 six months out of the year.“Of course, we 42 it when the sun is shining, “ says Karin Ro, who works for the town's tourism office. uWe see the sky is 43 , but down in the valley it's darker its like on a 44 day."But that 45 when a system of high-tech 46 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks（山峰）into the valley , residents（居民）of Rjukan 47 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 48 ,The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 49 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 50 and to close during windy reflect a concentrated b6am（束）of light onto the town's central 51， creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square the light 52 , Rjukan residents gathered together.“People have been 53 there and standing there and taking 54 of each other, “ Ro says. “The town square was totally 55 < I think almost all the people in the town were there." The 3, 500 residents cannot all 56 the sunshine at the same time. 57 ， the new light feels like more than enough for the town 58 residents.“It's not very 59 > “ she says, “but it is enough when we are 60 .语篇解读主题：人与自然（自然生态）；话题：运用高科技“引进”阳光。本文是一篇 新闻报道。文章报道了挪威小城尤坎一年中接近半年无法得到阳光直射，这种情况通过运用 高科技设备得以改善。该语篇旨在激发思考，引导考生关注自然生态，探索人与自然的和谐 相处之道。C. nearlyD. preciselyC 上文语境题。根据空前所述(从九月底到三月中旬)可知，此处指接近(nearly)六个月 的时间。only只有；obviously明显地;precisely精确地。42. B. believeC. hearD. noticeD 上下文语境题。由上文可知挪威小城尤坎接近六个月的时间没有阳光直射，再根据 下文引号里的话可知，当地人在阳光照耀的时候注意(notice)到天空是蓝色的，但山谷里较暗。 fear 害怕；believe 相信；hear 听说。43. B. blueC. highD. wideB 上文语境题。显然，该引号中的话为当地人注意到的情况我们看到天空是蓝色 的(blue),但山谷里较暗。empty空的;high高的;wide宽的。44. B. normalC. differentD. warmA 上文语境题。山谷里较暗，就像阴天(a cloudy day)一样。normal正常的；different 不同的；warm温暖的。45. B. changedC. happenedD. matteredB 上下文语境题。但是当一套高科技的镜子系统被引进之后，这种状况改变(change) 了。help 帮助；happen 发生；matter 重要。46. B. telescopesC. mirrorsD. camerasC 下文语境题。由下文中的“The mirrors are controlled''可知该空填mirrors(镜子)。 computer 电脑；telescope 望远镜；camera 照相机。47. B. forecastedC. receivedD. imaginedC 上下文语境题。由上下文可知，在引进高科技的镜子系统后，尤坎居民收至U(receive) 了冬日阳光的第一束光。remember记住；forecast预报；imagine想象。48. B. riskC. restD. useD 上文语境题。由该句前的冒号可知，此句介绍尤坎居民是如何得到光源的附近 山坡上的一排反射板投入使用。put to use “投入使用”，符合语境。repair修理；risk冒险； rest休息。C. predictsD. followsB 上下文语境题。这些镜子是由电脑控制的，电脑可以让它们在白天随着太阳转动， 在有风的天气里关闭。direct “管理，指挥”，符合语境。forbid禁止；predict预测；follow 跟随。50. B. nightC. monthD. yearA 上下文语境题。因为是要反射光源，肯定是在白天时间。throughout the day “整个 白天”，符合语境。51. B. hallC. squareD. streetC 下文语境题。由下一段中的“The town square was totally”可知，此空填square0library 图书馆；hall大厅；street街道。52. B. returnedC. fadedD. stoppedA 上文语境题。当光出现(appear)的时候，尤坎居民就聚集到一起。return返回；fade 消失；stop停止。53. B. hidingC. campingD. sittingD 下文语境题。与空后的standing对应的是sitting,指人们或坐或站，故选D项。drive 驾驶；hide躲藏；camp露营。54. B. notesC. careD. holdA 上下文语境题。人们或坐或站，互相拍照。take pictures of "给拍照”，符合语境。take notes of 记笔记；take care of 照顾;take hold of 握住。55. B. fullC. flatD. silentB 下文语境题。由空后的“我觉得几乎镇上所有人都在那里了”可知城镇广场完全满 了(full)。new新的；flat平淡的，单调的；silent沉默的。56. B. avoidC. enjoyD. storeC 上下文语境题。3 500个居民不能同时享受(enjoy)阳光。block挡住，堵住；avoid 避免；store储存。B. HoweverD. Similarly57.C. GraduallyB 语义逻辑题。空前提到居民不能同时享受阳光，空后说，新光线对小镇居民而言感 觉绰绰有余，由此可知，前后语义为转折关系，故填however（然而）。instead反而，相反;gradually 逐渐地；similarly相似地。58. B. energy-savingC. weather-beatenD. sun-starvedD 上文语境题。尤坎小镇原本每年有接近六个月的时间不见阳光，所以说他们是渴望 阳光的（sun-starved）居民。nature-loving 热爱自然的；energy-saving 节约能源的；weather-beaten 饱经风霜的。知识链接以动词的分词为中心的复合形容词名词+现在分词：peace-loving（爱好和平的），time- saving（节省时间的）,summer- flowering（夏天开花的），ocean- going（远洋的）名词+过去分词：heart-felt（衷心的），home-made（家里做的，自制的），book-filled（放 满书的），poverty- stricken（贫困不堪的）形容词（或副词）+现在分词：easy-going（随和的），familiar-sounding（听起来熟悉的）， hard-working（努力工作的），ever-lasting（永恒的）形容词（或副词）+过去分词：newly-developed（新发展起来的），well-balanced（均衡的； 明智的），half- baked（半熟的，考虑不周的），hard- won（来之不易的），quick- frozen（速冻的）， fresh- frozen（鲜冻的）59. B. clearC. coldD. easyA 上下文语境题。由上文Ro的叙述以及more than enough等字眼可知，对于渴望阳光 的尤坎居民而言，新光线让他们心满意足。故此处语境为“它不是很大（big）,但当我们分享 （share）的时候就足够了”。B. waitingC. watchingD. sharingD 上文语境题。当我们分享（share）的时候就足够了。try尝试；wait等待；watch观看。 练后拾词 be situated between坐落于之间©introduce o.介绍，引入（Dreflect v.反射（reflective。的反射的）©roughly ada粗略地gather together聚集在一起 ©totally。加.完全地more than enough绰绰有余长难句分析The mirrors are controlled by a computer that directs them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.这些镜子是由电脑控制的，电脑可以让它们在白天随着太阳转动，在有风的天气里关闭。分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主干部分为The mirrors are controlled by a computer。that 引导的定语从句修饰先行词a computer,且that在从句中作主语。directs them to turn.and to close为从句的主干部分。第二节(,满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。On our way to the house, it was raining 61.hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take 62.(get) was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63.dogs, seven to be were well trained by their masters 64.had great experience with caring for these hosts shared many of their experiences and 65.(recommend)wonderful places to eat, shop, and breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木jR)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66.(compete)to watch, together with the story behind also shared with us many 67.(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were 68.(huge)popular with the last day of our week-long stay, we 69.(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70.(listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.语篇解读主题：人与自我(生活)；话题：旅行经历。本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者 的一次旅行经历。60. so 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处是so.that结构，意为“如此以至于”，so修饰副词hard。61. to get 考查非谓语动词。此处是it takes some time to do sth.结构，意为“花费多长 时间做某事”。62. of 考查介词。a pack of是固定搭配，意为“一群 ”。63. who 考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人 的先行词their masters,且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。64. recommended 考查时态。此处讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。65. competition 考查词性转换(动词变名词)。根据空格前的an interesting可知，此处 应填动词compete的名词形式competition。66. traditional 考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。所填词修饰名词stories,故应用tradition 的形容词形式traditional。知识链接n.nation n. 国家f national adj.国家的person n. 人f personal adj.个人的music n. 音乐f musical a切音乐的nature n.自然f natural 的.自然的globe n.地球f global。力.全球的education n.教育 f educational adj.教育的67. hugely 考查词性转换（形容词变副词）。所填词修饰形容词popular,故应用huge 的副词形式hugely。be hugely popular with非常受欢迎。68. were invited 考查时态和语态。事情发生在过去，且主语we与动词invite之间是 被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。69. listening 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词形式与and 后面的现在分词meeting并列，主语we与listen之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换