解析：2022年山东省泰安市中考英语真题（解析版）.docx

泰安市2022年初中学业水平考试英语试题本试卷分第I卷和第匚卷两局部。第I卷1至9页，第匚卷10至12页，共150分。考试时间 120分钟。考前须知：1 .答题前，请考生仔细阅读答题卡上的考前须知，并务必按照相关要求作答。2 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第I卷（共80分）第一局部听力（共25小题；120小题每题1分，2125小题每题2分，总分值30分）（一）听句子.选择适当的应答语。每个句子读两遍。1. A. It's sunny.B. It's March 16th.C. It's Saturday.2. A. At the bus stop.B. Tomorrow morning.C. Three days ago.3. A. Eat mooncakes.B. Make noodles.C. Eat zongzi.4. A. Yes, open it.B. You arc welcome.C. Certainly not.5. A. My pleasure.B. I agree with you.C. That's right.（二）听五段对话.选择正确答案。每段对话读两遍。你将有20秒钟的时间阅读下面5个小 题。6. What's the relationship between the speakers?A. Doctor and patient. B. Father and son. C. Teacher and student.7. Where is Mr. Smith now?A. At the supermarket. B. In his oftlce. C. At home.8. What does Alice look like?A. She has short curly hair. B. She wears glasses. C. She has long red hair.9. How long did John read English before breakfast?A. For twenty minutes. B. For half an hour. C. For forty minutes.10. How much is a glass of coffee?A. 2 dollars. B. 3 dollars. C. 9 dollars.（三）听两段长对话，选择正确答案。每段对话读两遍。听每段对话前你将有10秒钟的时 间阅读对应的3个小题。听对话，回答下面小题。B. The hair on human heads helps keep heat in cold weather.C. if you lose 50 to 100 hairs every day. you must ask a doctor fbr help.D. All the mammals have thick fur covering their whole bodies because they have no sweat glands.【答案】I8.C 19. A 20. A 21. B【解析】【导语】本文主要分析了脱发的原因，应对的方法以及为什么人类的头顶会有头发。【18题详解】细节理解题。根据"There are many reasons, such as stress, illness and styling. It also nins in families. Besides, many people simply lose hair as they grow older”可知，关于脱发的原因提到了五点:压力，疾病,发型，家 族遗传，还有随着年龄的增长而脱发，应选C。19题详解】细节理解题。根据“To avoid losing hair, you should wash your hair correctly and condition （养护）your hair to help keep your hair healthy. It?s also important to be gentle when bmshing or combing hair”可知， 为 了防止月兑 发，你应该正确地洗头并护理头发，梳头时要温和，应选A。【20题详解】词义猜想题。根据“Humans probably evolved without fur because they have more sweat glands （汗腺）than other mammals. Humans walk upright on two legs. Therefore, the top of their heads needs protection from the sun” 可知，人类在进化过程中没有皮毛，人类用两条腿直立行走。因此，他们的头顶需要长出些毛发来防 晒，所以人类头顶有毛发是跟进化有关，故evolution表示“进化”，应选A。21题详解】推理判断题。根据"The hair also helps keep heat in cold weather and keep a healthy body temperature”可知,头 发还有助于在寒冷的天气里保暖，保持健康的体温，应选B。DWe all know the sun is important. It makes life on our planet possible. But how does the sun do that? It's the sun s energy.Energy from the sun is called solar energy （太阳能）.It comes in the form of light or heat. People have used solar energy fbr thousands of years. The sun's energy can be used to heat water and even food. If you own a magnifying glass, your parents have probably warned you not to leave it in the sun. Solar energy can actually make the magnifying glass bum objects underneath it causing a fire. This type of energy from the sun is called solar thermal （热的）energy.We can also turn the sun's light into electricity. This is done with solar panels （板）.Solar panels are made up of a material called silicon （硅）.The silicon is heated and formed into very thin wafers （晶片）.When the sunlight hits the solar panel, the electrons in the silicon move and flow through wires （电线）.Using this technology, we can run a calculator and even power cars.But what happens on cloudy days? The electrons in the silicon will stop moving, which means the electricity can't flow. But this doesn't mean that solar energy can only be used on sunny days. People can use the batteries （电池）which are attached to （附着于）solar panels to store the electricity. So the stored electricity can be used to power cars at night or on cloudy days.Did you know that solar energy is not as expensive as it used to be? In fact, in the last few years, solar panels have become much more affordable fbr people to use. Since the sun gives off more energy in one second than people have used, imagine what we could do if we used the sun's energy to power our planet.22. A magnifying glass can make objects look.C. more beautifi.ilD. fiirtherA. smallerB. biggerWhat docs the third paragraph mainly tell us?A. How to use solar thermal energy.B. How to power our planet.C. How to store electricity with batteries.D. How to turn sunlight into electricity with solar panels.to power cars at night according to the fourth paragraph.23. We can useA. thin wafersB. the moonlight25. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Solar panels arc made up of silicon.C. It costs more to use solar energy than before.【答案】22. B 23. D 24. D 25. CA. thin wafersB. the moonlight25. Which of the following statements is NOT true?B. Solar panels arc made up of silicon.C. It costs more to use solar energy than before.【答案】22. B 23. D 24. D 25. CC. solar themial energy D. the stored electricityC. Solar energy can be used fbr heating food.D. People have used solar energy fbr thousands of years.【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了太阳是很重要的。人们使用太阳能很多年了。太阳释放出比现在人们使用更多的能量。所以我们应该尽力在我们的生活中找到更多的好方法去使用它。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据“ If you own a magnifying glass, your parents have probably warned you not to leave it in the sun. Solar energy can actually make the magnifying glass burn objects underneath it causing a fire.”和常识可知， 放大镜会使物体变得更大，应选B。【23题详解】段落大意题。根据“We can also turn the sun's light into electricity”分析第三段内容可知，本段主要介绍如何 利用太阳能电池板将阳光转化为电能。应选D。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据"People can use the batteries （电池）which arc attached to （附着于）solar panels to store the electricity. So the stored electricity can be used to power cars at night or on cloudy days.“可知， 人们可以使用 附着在太阳能电池板上的电池来储存电力，因此储存的电力可以在夜间或阴天为汽车提供动力。应选D。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据“Did you know that solar energy is not as expensive as it used to be?”可知，太阳能不像以前 那么贵了，C项表述错误。应选C。第二节（共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项.并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。When you use a knife and fork, you have to take the knife with your right hand and the fork with your left hand, or you can't put food into your mouth. But with chopsticks, you can solve the eating problems with just one hand. 26Chopsticks were called zhu or jia in ancient China. It is said that they were invented by Da Yu, who successfully controlled the heavy flood （洪水）.One day he was busy dealing with the flood. In order to save time when eating, he used two sticks from a tree to take the hot food. That was how chopsticks came into use.27In fact, the earliest chopsticks found in China were made of bronze （青铜）,which were unearthed fromYinxu in Anyang city. Henan Province.Many people probably haven't realized the cultural meanings of chopsticks.28 Do you notice thatone end of chopsticks is square and the other end is round? So, why? According to our ancestors, the round end symbolized （象征）Heaven and the square end symbolized Earth. 29 In Chinese culture, it shows the perfect combination （结合）of yin and yang.The influence of Chinese culture has stretched （延伸）far and wide. 30 So it's unbelievable that foreigners cannot use chopsticks.A. Besides, chopsticks are used in pairs.B. It's convenient and efficient （有效率的）.C. it was one of the legends （传说）about chopsticks.D. At least 1.8 billion people are using chopsticks around the world.E. They are regarded as one of the symbols of Chinese food culture.【答案】26. B 27. C 28. E 29. A 30. D【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了筷子的起源，与其有关的传说以及它的象征意义。【26题详解】根据"But with chopsticks, you can solve the eating problems with just one hand”可知，相比刀叉，筷子就方便 得多，B选项“它既方便又高效”符合，应选B。【27题详解】根据"It is said that they were invented by Da Yu, who successfully controlled the heavy flood”可知,此处在介 绍有关筷子的传说，C选项“这是关于筷子的一个传说”符合，应选C。【28题详解】根据"Many people probably haven't realized the cultural meanings of chopsticks”可知,此处介绍筷子象征的文 化，E选项“它们被视为中国饮食文化的象征之一”符合，应选E。【29题详解】根据"In Chinese culture, it shows the perfect combination （结合）of yin and yang”可知,筷子展示 了阴和阳的 完美结合，所以筷子都是成对出现的，A选项“此外，筷子是成对使用的“符合，应选A。【30题详解】UJffitThe influence of Chinese culture has stretched （延伸）（hr and wide”可知，此处介绍筷子的影响力,D 选 项“全世界至少有18亿人在使用筷子”符合，应选D。第匚卷（共70分）第四局部 书面表达（共三节）第一节 词汇运用（共两题.总分值30分）（一）单词拼写（共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分）根据句意和首字母或汉语提示.将单词的正确形式完整地写在答题卡相应的位置上。31. There are 5 people waiting fbr Nucleic Acid Testing （核酸检测）in front of me. I am the s one.【答案】（s）ixlh【解析】【详解】句意：我面前有5个人在等核酸检测。我是第六个。根据“There are 5 people waiting for Nucleic Acid Testing （核酸检测）in front of me.”可知，前面有五个人,所以自己是第六个,sixth “第六”,故填 （s）ixthoTo make the villagers' lives easier, our government will build a bover the river.【答案】（b）ridge【解析】【详解】句意：为了方便村民的生活，我们的政府将在这条河上建一座桥。根据"build a .over the river.” 及首字母可知，在河上建一座桥，bridge”桥二根据a可知，此空应填单数名词，故填（b）ridge。32. Wu Dajing, together with his teammates （赢得）China's first gold medal at the 2022 Winter Olympics.【答案】won【解析】【详解】句意：武大靖和他的队友们在2022年冬奥会上为中国赢得了第一枚金牌。win“赢得”，根据“at the 2022 Winter Olympics”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填won«The students arc often （分开）into several groups by the teacher before discussing the difficult questions in class.【答案】divided【解析】【详解】句意：在课堂上讨论难题之前，老师经常把学生分成几个小组。divide“分开"，主语students与 动词divide之间构成被动关系，用被动语态be done的结构，空格前已有助动词are,此空应填过去分词， 故填 divided<,Spacewalks can be dangerous. There is no air in space. And it,s filled with （有害的）radiation （辐 射）.【答案】harmful【解析】【详解】句意：太空行走可能是危险。太空中没有空气。它充满了有害的辐射。harmful”有害的”，作定语修饰 radiation,故填 harmfulo（二）综合填空（共10小题；每题2分，总分值20分）根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺完整。（每词限用次）first, require, among, care, be, difterent, both, habit, how, finallyCooking is supposed to be the most basic living skill for humans. However, there are many kids who are used to being fed and taken 36 of everywhere like little emperors and little princesses”. They can't tell the37 between food materials like leeks （韭菜）and shallots （小葱）.In order to stress （强调）the importance of hard-working spirit education 38 students, the Communist Party of China Central Committee recently released （发布）the guidelines. The guidelines call fbr students to respect labor （劳动） work. Students should leani basic life skills and develop good working39 through such education.Students will be 40 to understand and master the basics of home cooking from preparing vegetables to 41 being able to complete the whole process of home cooking independently. These will be lifelong skills fbr kids, helping them develop into well-rounded individuals （个体）not just students who 42 able to take exams.As children's 43 teachers, parents should also encourage children to learn 44 to do chores at home. Students should master one or two life skills every year. These skills can include cooking, washing their own clothes and tidying their rooms.It's really important fbr students to take labor education 45 at school and at home.【答案】36. caredifferences#difference37. among 39. habitsrequired40. finallyarc 43. first 44. how 45. both【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了国家发布关于让学生们重视和尊重劳动的指导方针，从老师和家长角度作出了相 应的建议。【36题详解】句意：然而，有很多孩子习惯了像“小皇帝和小公主”一样到处都有人喂，有人照顾。根据"takenof everywhere”及备选词可知，此处用take care of表示“照顾”，故填care。【37题详解】句意：他们分不清韭菜和青葱这类食物。根据"They can't tell the.between food materials like leeks （韭菜） and shallots”及备选词可知，分不清韭菜和青葱，di （Terence “差异”，此空可以填单数名词，也可以填复数名 词，故填 difTerences/difference。【38题详解】句意：为了强调对学生进行勤奋精神教育的重要性。根据“In order to stress （强调）the importance of hard- working spirit education .students”及备选词可知,在学生中强调这个重要性，among”在 之中”,故填 among o【39题详解】句意：通过这样的教育，学生应该学会基本的生活技能，养成良好的学习习惯。根据"developgood working”及备选词可知，培养好的习惯，habit“习惯”，此空应填名词复数形式，故填habits。【40题详解】句意：从准备蔬菜到最终能够独立完成家庭烹饪的整个过程，学生将被要求了解和掌握家庭烹饪的基本知 识。根据"Students will be . to understand and master the basics of home cooking”及备选词可知，要求学生掌 握这此技能，require“需要”，此处是被动语态，故此空应填过去分词，故填required。41题详解】句意：从准备蔬菜到最终能够独立完成家庭烹饪的整个过程，学生将被要求了解和掌握家庭烹饪的基本知 识。根据"firom preparing vegetables to . being able to complete the whole process of home cooking independently”及备选词可知，此处指最终独立完成整个过程，副词finally“最终”作状语，故填finally。【42题详解】句意：这些将是孩子们终身技能，帮助他们开展成为全面开展的个体，而不仅仅是能够参加考试的学 生。be able to do sth“能够做某事”,句子是一般现在时,先行词students是复数形式,be动词用are,故填 are。43题详解】句意：作为孩子的启蒙老师，家长也应该鼓励孩子学会如何在家做家务。根据"Aschildren*. teachers, parents should also encourage”及常识可知，家长是孩子们的启蒙老师，first teacher“启蒙老师”，故填firsto 44题详解】句意：作为孩子的启蒙老师，家长也应该鼓励孩子学会如何在家做家务。此空缺少引导词引导宾语从句， 备选词how符合，故填howo【45题详解】句意：对于学生来说，在学校和家里接受劳动教育都是非常重要的。根据“at school and at home”可知，此 处用both.and表示“和都”，故填botho第二节阅读表达（共6小题；13小题每题2分:46小题每题3分，总分值15分）阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的词数要求）CtSafetu 1lWater is important in our life, but sometimes water can be dangerous fbr kids. So we must pay attention to the kids' safety in water. Water safety begins at home or in the pool. Here are some suggestions fbr you.2Bc （4） of the hot water. Hot water can be dangerous, especially fbr kids under five. These young kids have thinner skin than older kids and adults, so il's easier fbr them to be burnt （烫伤）.Staying in hot water that's 60 fbr just 3 seconds can give a child a third-degree burn. You can reduce the risk by testing the water with your wrist （腕）or elbow before placing your kid in bath.3 Watch out fbr danger in the bathroom. The bathroom is fi.il 1 of danger fbr young kids. Never leave a young child alone in the bathrooin, especially while he or she is bathing. Remember to put away hair dryers and all other electrical appliances （家用电器）to avoid the risk.4Never let kids swim alone. Swimming in the water may make you feel great. As the kids move in the water, many small muscle （肌肉）groups are working to help them keep balance. But it's not a perfect sport because of the risk of injury （伤害）.For example, many types of swimming need repeated arm movements. Over time, the movements can cause shoulder and neck injuries. So it's dangerous when they stay in the water alone, they may even drown （溺亡）.So the kids are not supposed to swim （4） （2）their parents' company （陪伴）.5 Everyone should realize the importance of water safety. (75) To keep the kids safb, we need to leam more about what we should do. Afkr all, everyone (4) only one life!46. Why is it easier fbr young kids to be burnt? (No more than 10 words)What things should be put away to avoid the risk according to the third paragraph? (No more than 12 words)47. What may happen if the kids repeat arm movements fbr a long time while swimming? (No more than 14 words)Fill in each blank in the passage with one proper word. Translate the underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph into Chinese.48. If your classmate invites you to swim in the river, what's your proper response (回应)? Please write down your answer and list one or two reasons.【答案】46. Because they have thinner skin./Because their skin is thinner./Because they have thinner skin than older kids and adults.47. Hair dryers and all other electrical appliances./Hair dryers and all other electrical appliances should be put away.48. It/Thc movements can cause shoulder and neck injuries.或 It/Thc movements can cause shoulder and neck injuries, and the kids may even drown.49. .careful口.without口. has/owns为了确保孩子们的安全，我们需要学习(了解)更多我们应该做的事情。50. Possible responses:1 will refuse to go with him (her) and advise him (her) not to do that.Ill refuse/tum down