上海市上海中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷(含答案).docx

2022-2023学年上海市上海中学高二上学期期末考试英语试卷L Grammar and VocabularySection A Multiple Choice1. No one was convinced by her insistence to blame.A. that she be notB. that she was notC. on her being not D. on her not beDo remember you breathe a word of this to anyone.A. won'tB. shan'tC. don'tD. wouldn'tHe ask too much about her private life as she was so sensitive about it.A. not daredB. didn't dareC. dared not toD. dares not toTimmy, why in the mud? I have already told you so many times not to!A. must you sitB. should you sitC. will you sitD. can you sitIt is obvious that nobody wants to make friends with the poor boy money.A. suspecting to have stolenB. suspecting to stealC. suspected having stolenD. suspected of having stolen2. Could it have been on her birthday her parents gave her this computer as a present?A. thenB. thatC. whenD. thafs whyThe use of radar as well as the two-way radio for the police to intercept mostspeeders.A. makes it a possibility B. make possible it C. makes it possible D. make possible 8. his impeccable intellectual and social credentials, we wouldn't have managed to get the grant.A. If it weren't for B. Had not it been for C. With the help of D. But forin her veins some of the blood of the bohemian and the adventuress who runs barefoot.A. There flownB. Here flewC. There flowsD. Here flowOnce again, Jeff could interact with the dolphins and find affection in return.A. Little he dreamed how severely his love could be tested.B. Little has he dreamed how severely his love will be tested.C. Little dreamed he how severely his love would be tested.D. Little did he dream how severely his love would be tested.9. Tracy Mcgrady announced his operation decision to the press without informing his club, leaving his team members why he did so.old twins, how much do they have to spend at least?A. £75.B. £140.C. £100.D. £278.59. Which column on the newspaper would this passage most probably belong to?A. Natural WondersB. Travel BargainsC. Exploring UKD. Travel Tips（C）In these times of worldwide communications, science is no different from other professions in that English is now the established “universal“ language. Like it or not, most scientific reports are published in English, although some countries also have journals that are published in their native languages. But how did English develop into the dominant language of scientific discourse （会话）？ Was it a joint decision or did it happen progressively and “accidentally”？ And was it a positive move for all?Arabic was used in all countries with an Islamic culture in the middle ages, while in Europe Latin was used for communication in science and education until the 17th century. During the Enlightenment, Latin lost favour as it was thought to be too complicated. Instead, scientific communication became more "provincial"； German, French, Italian and English were used in their respective countries and colonies, with different languages being more important in different disciplines - German, for instance, was widely used in physics, chemistry and some aspects of medicine and psychology. The relative use of these languages changed through history, reflecting the relative growth and decline of science, culture and economics in these countries. Thus, the use of French predominated in the 18th century, whereas German was most widespread in the 19th and English dominated the 20th. Social upheaval （居U变）also played a role - the use of French declined dramatically after World War I, whereas that of German increased in parallel until World War IL After World War II, and especially in the past 30 years, English progressively established itself as the primary language for scientific communication as America came to dominate both basic research and technology. In the 1920s the need for a universal language of science was debated, and a synthetic language, Esperanto, was developed but never widely used.Despite the obvious appeal of having a common language that allows scientists around the world to communicate with one another there can indeed be some drawbacks in using Englishfor all communication - non-native English speakers can be at a disadvantage compared with native speakers when it comes to expressing and highlighting the interest of their papers and communicating with editors and referees. Careful copy editing can tackle the problem of accessibility of accepted manuscripts, but upstream of this stage it is down to all parties to ensure that they evaluate work on its scientific merit rather than its proper use of grammar.The use of a universal language for communication in science is unavoidable as one obvious advantage is that findings can be more widely accessed, and resisting this concept for the sake of cultural difference would seem to be anything but productive. However, the use of national language and less technical language is useful in communicating science to the general public, as is the case with the Nature gateways in Japanese, Chinese, Korean and German. 60. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the changes of languages in science through history?A. Scientific development.B. Cultural influence.C. Economic climate.D. Social communication.61. The downside of using English for all scientific communication involves.A. some scientific work being undervalued due to its improper use of grammar B. acknowledged manuscripts sometimes not being accessed with enough care C. editors and referees5 failure to communicate with the authors of the papers D. non-native English speakers being unable to express what interests them well 62. What can we infer from the last paragraph ?A. Creating a universal language in scientific communication is inevitable.B. A universal language enables more people to read about scientific findings.C. Cultural difference adds to the difficulty in increasing scientific productivity.D. Ordinary people also benefit from the use of technical language in science.63. Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?A. Universal Language EstablishedB. Universal Language of ScienceC. Breaking the Language BarrierD. Breaking the Language DominanceSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.With an eye on urbanization, population growth and efficiency, tiny spaces were a big theme at this summer's Dwell on Design conference in Los Angeles. Designers from around the world proudly presented housing and products for living small - from transformable furniture to 3D printed interior objects.64 Urban housing supplies are already straining （紧张）worldwide with 54% of the global population of 7.2 billion living in cities, according to the United Nation's World Urbanization Prospects 2014 report. By 2050, that number is expected to rise to 6.33 billion, or 66% of a forecasted world population of 9.6 billion.In North America, about 82% of the total population - roughly 473.8 million people - lives in urban areas.65 Many of the new units being built are getting smaller and smaller,challenging municipal（市政的）housing codes and zoning regulations.Micro-apartments tricked out with scaled-down, adaptable furniture and decor could make urban living more compatible （兼容的）with the way people increasingly live now - and help cities as they attempt to absorb more people in the future. The challenges include how to do so affordably, comfortably and with enough privacy to make these spaces homes as well as housing.Re-thinking the toiletThe greater Tokyo area is the world's most densely populated metropolitan region with some 38 million residents packed into about 5,200 sq miles. 66 TOTO, the Japanese bathroom fixtures and plumbing company, showcased micro-toilet design for bathrooms as small as 9 sq feet （0.84 meters） at the Dwell on Design conference.The design also carries the EPA WaterSense label, averaging a lean 1 gallon per flush. This “saves a family of four more than $90 annually on their water bill, and $2,000 over the lifetime of the toilet”，said TOTO USA's Lenora Campos.Convertible furniture re-imaginedTo furnish a micro-apartment comfortably, Resource Furniture has re-imagined the old Murphy beds and folding tables with sophisticated book shelves, desks and sofas that can convert into beds. Drawers pull out from under stairs.67A. A sleeping layer might include a platform bed with a desk or closet space underneath, for example.B. There's a very fixed idea of what an apartment needs to be and who you expect to live in the unit will affect the design.C. Often their strategies sought to reduce the human footprint on the environment and save energy.D. So small sinks and showers are nothing new in compact Japanese bathrooms.E. Storage space is cleverly hidden within walls and pushed up to ceilings.F. The number of single-person households is rising, although housing has not kept pace with demographic change.IV. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.68 .如果我们带的燃料不够支撑一整晚怎么办？（What if）（汉译英）.语言学习对人类大脑的影响堪称神奇。（nothing）（汉译英）69 .神话故事的存在证明了人类自古以来就对宇宙充满了幻想。（date）（汉译英）.这本科幻小说的结局使读者领悟到，如若继续忽视对自然平衡的保护，人类终将自 食其果。（awaken）（汉译英）参考答案1-5BBBAD. 6-10BCDCD. 11-15CBACB. 16-17DAto alter18. pursuedthings19. are shared 22. Like 23. allowing 24. that 25. only26. where 27. can28. C. 29. K 30. E 31. D 32.133. B 34. G 35. A 36. H 37. J38. B 39. D 40. B 41. A 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. C 46. B47. A48. D49.D50. B 51. C 52. C53. C54. C55.A56. C57. C58. D59.CD61. A62.C63. B64. A65. F66.D67. EWhat if we don't have enough fuel to last all night?68. Nothing is more amazing than what language learning does to the human brain.69. The existence of fairy tales proves that the fantasy of human beings about the universe dates from ancient times.70. The end of this science fiction novel awakens reader that continuing to neglect the protection of the balance of nature will make human-being eat their own bitter fruit.A. to wonderB. wonderedC. wonderingD. wonderNot long ago in mysterious circumstances, following the death of anotheropposition leader earlier this year.A. died a leader of the democratic oppositiondid a leader of the democratic opposition dieB. a leader of the democratic opposition had dieda leader of the democratic opposition died12. enquiries and seek for reliable new-corporation logistics company for transloading, we would be glad to assist and append our best competitive rates to you.A. If you had had B. Should you have C. But that you had D. You are to haveAny change in consciousness is accompanied by a(n) change in the biophysical system.A. exhaustingB. discreetC. corresponding D. distractingThe depth and extent of this understanding have been shown in some work of quality and insight.A. fancyB. exceptionalC. promisingD. flexiblePolish national long-stay visas their holders to a maximum 5-day visa-free transitthrough the Schengen territory (only on the way to Poland).A. attachB. stickC. exposeD. entitleA special period should be solely for the purpose of carrying out an inspection.A. set asideB. set againstC. set offD. set backSection BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.How language transformed humanityLanguage is very probably the one characteristic that separates us from the chimpanzees, our closest relatives. All other major differences between us likely stem from language. "It allows you to implant (植入)a thought from your mind directly into someone else's mind”, says Mark Pagel, professor and head of the Evolution Laboratory at the University of Reading.Humans use discrete (分离的)pulses of soundtheir language-18 (alter) the internal settings inside someone else's brain to suit an individual's interests. Language is a form of social learning instead of something 19 (pursue) all by oneself.Social learning is visual theft: for example, if I can learn by watching you, I can steal (and benefit from) your best ideas, wisdom or skills without having to invest the time and energy to develop these 20.There are two options for dealing with this crisis: either return into small family groups so the benefits of each group9s knowledge21 (share) only with one's relatives orexpand one's group to include unrelated others. 22 our relatives, the Neanderthals, who withdrew into small groups, humans chose the second option, and language was the result."Language evolved to solve the crisis of visual theft and to exploit cooperation and exchange"，says Professor Pagel.In fact, as Professor Pagel argues, language is a “social technology 23 (allow) for cooperation between unrelated individuals and groups. According to the archaeological record, it was this cooperation and sharing of ideas 24 came before human migration around the planet and the following human population explosion.But almost incomprehensibly thousands of languages evolved. So just 25 a shared language facilitates communication and cooperation between unrelated groups, different languages slow the flow of ideas, technologies-and even genes.“Can humans afford to have all these different languages?" asks Professor Pagel. In a world 26 we want to promote cooperation, in a world that is more dependent than ever on cooperation to maintain and enhance humanity's levels of prosperity, multiple languages 27 not be practical.In fact, humanity's "destiny is to be one world with one language”, concludes Professor Pagel.Section C VocabularyDirection: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. labour B. manner C. highlighting D. circumstances E. updatedF. characterised G. integratedH. admirable I. accommodateJ. overseeing K. flexibleThe house of the future? A sun-filled, shape-shifting, shed-share paradiseWhat will homes be like 10 years from now? Judging by the winners of the Home of 2030 competition, sharing will be key.Shared home-working spaces, communal garden sheds and houses built using apps-these are just some of the ideas in the winning proposals fbr the government's Home of 2030 competition to develop prototype “homes fit fbr the future". 28 the "best of British design”. The aim was to imagine what the best age-adaptable, energy-efficient, healthy homes might look like in 10 years' time; but, according to the winning architects, most of the best ideas have been around for generations.“You can't get much more 29 and adaptable than the Georgian townhouse J says Jennifer Beningfield of Openstudio, leader of one of the two winning teams announced today. “We've taken this very simple model and 30 it for the 21st century. Our idea was to create infinite