天津河西区实验中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末英语试题（解析Word版）.docx

高一英语试卷一、单项填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）一What about the two of us going downtown?-. I hate spending time hanging around.A. That suits me fine B. Well, that's the last thing I will doC. It depends on theweatherD. Why not【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：一一我们两个去市中心怎么样？一一这是我最不愿意做的事了。我讨厌 花时间闲逛。A. That suits me fine那很适合我；B. Well, thafs the last thing I will do这是我最不想做的事 情；C. It depends on the weather 这取决于天气；D. Why not 为什么不呢？根据 “I hate spending time hanging around.”可知，去市中心是我最不想做的事情，因为我讨厌花时间闲逛。故选B。1. There was plenty of time. You.A. mustn't hurryB. mustn't have hurried C. needn't have hurried D. needn't hurry【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：有足够的时间。你不必着急。根据上文u There was plenty of time/" 可知，表示不必着急，needrft have done表示“本来不必”。mustn,t表示禁止，不符合语境。故选C。2. It is necessary that we keep the young generation of the current affairs.A being informedB. informingC. to informD. informed【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们有必要让年轻一代了解时事。分析句子可知，空处缺少keep的宾 语the young generation的补足语，宾语和inform构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。keep sb. informed为固定短语，意思为：使某人知道。故选D项。3. helping me better understand American culture, this visit also helps me greatly improve my spoken English.A. On top ofB. In case ofC. Thanks toD. Instead of【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了帮助我更好地了解美国文化之外，这次访问也极大地提高了我 的英语口语。A. On top of另夕卜；B. In case of万一；C.Thanks to由于；D. Instead of而不是。根据后文“this visit also helps me greatly improve my spoken English."可知,指除了帮助我更好地了解美国文化之 外，这次访问也极大地提高了我的英语口语。故选A。4. we have specific tasks to do, our leader makes sure we don't lose sight of the big picture.next six drivers arriving at the tollbooth were informed, "Some lady up ahead already paid your fare/5It turned out that the woman, Natalie Smith, had read something on a friend's refrigerator: "Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty. The phrase impressed her so much that she copied it down.Judy Foreman spotted the same phrase on a warehouse wall far away from home. When it stayed on her mind for days, she gave up and drove all the way back to copy it down. "I thought it was beautiful/9 she said, explaining why she'd taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters, "like a message from above." Her husband, Frank, liked the phrase so much that he put it up on the classroom wall for his students, one of whom was the daughter of Alice Johnson, a local news reporter. Alice put it in the newspaper, admitting that though she liked it, she didn't know where it came from or what it really meant.Two days later, Alice got a call from Anne Herbert, a woman living in Marin. It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper, after turning it around in her mind for days.“Here's the idea J Anne says. "Anything you think there should be more of, do it randomly." Her fantasies include painting the classrooms of shabby schools, leaving hot meals on kitchen tables in the poor part of town, and giving money secretly to a proud old lady. Anne says, "Kindness can build on itself as much as violence can.”The acts of random kindness spread. If you were one of those drivers who found your fare paid, who knows what you might have been inspired to do for someone else later. Like all great events, kindness begins slowly, with every single act. Let it be yours!41. Why did Natalie Smith pay for the six cars behind her?A. She knew the car drivers well.B. She wanted to show kindness.C. She hoped to please others.D. She had seven tickets.42. Judy Foreman copied down the phrase because she.A. thought it was beautifully writtenwanted to know what it really meantB. decided to write it on a warehouse wallwanted her husband to put it up in the classroom43. Who came up with the phrase according to the passage?A. Judy ForemanB. Natalie SmithC. Alice JohnsonD. Anne Herbert44. Which of the following statements is closest in the meaning to the underlined sentence above?A. Kindness and violence can change the world.B. Kindness and violence can affect one's behavior.C. Kindness and violence can reproduce themselves.D. Kindness and violence can shape one's character.45. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. People should practice random kindness to those in need.B. People who receive kindness are likely to offer it to others.C. People should practice random kindness to strangers they meet.D. People who receive kindness are likely to pay it back to the giver.【答案】4LB 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者在本文中通过讲述“随心随意求美，无来无由行善”这句话的由来，告 诉我们要多行善，让善良的行为传播。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段"Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty. The phrase impressed her so much that she copied it downv （“随心随意求美，无来无由行善”给她留下了深刻的印象。）可 知，她想要多行善。故选B项。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的二句 u When it stayed on her mind for days, she gave up and drove all the way back to copy it down. 11 thought it was beautiful；"（当这一切在她的脑海中萦绕了好几天后，她放弃了，开车回 去把这句话记了下来，“我认为这句话很美”。）可知，她认为这句话很美，所以才返回。故选A项。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句"It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper, after turning it around in her mind for days.” （ Anne是在一家餐馆里把这句话写在一张纸上的，她在 脑海中反复思考了几天。）可知，这句话在Anne的脑海里好几天了，所以她就把她写了下来。说明这句 话是Anne Herbert想出来的。故D正确。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据本句u Kindness can build on itself as much as violence can.” （善良可以建立在自身之 上，就像暴力可以建立在自身之上）以及最后一段第一句"The acts of random kindness spread."（随机的 善举会传播）可知，善良和暴力都是可以传播的。故选C项。45题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “The acts of random kindness spread. If you were one of those drivers who found your fare paid, who knows what you might have been inspired to do for someone else later.v （善 良是可以传播 的。如果作为司机的你发现有人帮你付了费用，你也要想着为别人做一些好事情。）可推断，接受善意的 人很可能会把善意送给别人。故选B项。CDogs wag （摇摆）their tails in different directions depending on whether they are excited and wanting to move forward or threatened and thinking of moving back, a study has found.Researchers in Italy examined the tail wagging behaviour of 30 dogs, catching their responses to a range of stimuli （刺J激物）with video cameras. To conduct the study they chose 15 male dogs and 15 female ones aged between one and six years. The dogs were all family pets whose owners had allowed them to take part in the experiment at Bari University. The dogs were placed in a large wooden box with an opening at the front to allow for them to view various stimuli. They were tested one at a time.The researchers led by Professor Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trieste found that when the dogs were shown their owners - a positive experience - their tails wagged energetically to the right side. When they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right, but with somewhat less enthusiasm. The appearance of a cat again caused a right-hand side wag, although with less intensity again. The appearance of a large unfamiliar dog, similar to a German shepherd, changed the direction of tail wagging to the left. Researchers supposed the dog was thinking of moving back. When the dogs were not shown any stimuli they tended to wag their tails to the left, suggesting they preferred company. While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video, it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood of dogs. Computer and video systems, for example, could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach.46. The video cameras were used to catch the dogs' responses because.A. it was easier to catch the dogs' response changes in the tail waggingthe dogs were put in the wooden boxes and tested one at a timeB. they enabled the dogs' owners to know about their dogs' habitthe dogs wagged their tails in different directions when they were in different moods47. The underlined word “intensity“ in the passage means.A. surpriseB. worryC. hateD. excitementWhen there are no stimuli, a dog will.A. wag to the rightB. wag to the leftC. not wag at allD. wag to the left and then to the right48. The underlined word "they” refers to.A. the trainersB. the dogsC. the systemsD. the researchersThe purpose of doing the experiment is.A. to help people judge the mood of dogsB. to train dogs for their ownersC. to help dogs find companyD. to help people choose their pet dogs【答案】46. A 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章一项研究表明，狗的摆动尾巴方向的变化取决于它们的情绪，这一发现有 助于人们通过摇尾变化来判断狗的心情。【46题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的 Researchers in Italy examined the tail wagging behavior of 30 dogs, catching their responses to a range of stimuli （刺激物）with video cameras.（意大利的研究人员研究了 30只狗的摇尾行为， 用摄像机捕捉它们对一系列刺激的反应）”和最后一段中的“While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video, it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood of dogs. （虽然没有视频的帮助，摇尾巴的变化不容易被注意到，但人们认为这些发现可以帮助人们判断狗的情绪）” 可知，没有摄像机的帮助，人们很难发现狗的摇尾变化，所以在狗摇动尾巴时，摄像机更容易捕捉到狗的 反应变化。故选A项。【47题详解】词句猜测题。由第三段中的 uThe researchers led by Professor Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trieste found that when the dogs were shown their owners一a positive experience一their tails wagged energetically to the right side. When they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right, but with somewhat less enthusiasm. The appearance of a cat again caused a right-hand side wag, although with less intensity again.（的里亚斯特大学 的Giorgio Vallortigara教授领导的研究人员发现，当狗狗们看到它们的主人时 这是一个积极的体验一 一它们的尾巴积极地向右摇摆。当它们看到一个不熟悉的人类时，它们的尾巴向右摇摆，但是没有那么热 情。一只猫的出现再次引起了尾巴向右边摇摆，尽管intensity再次变小了）”可知，这三个例子，同样都在 说狗尾巴向右摇摆，但是热情积极的情绪逐渐下降。因此，划线词"intensity"和前面的"energetically",“enthusiasm”应是同义词，intensity在此处意为“兴奋（excitement） ”。故选D。【48题详解】细节理解题。由第三段中的“When the dogs were not shown any stimuli they tended to wag their tails to the left, suggesting they preferred company.（当狗没有受至I任何刺激时，它们倾向于向左摇尾巴，这表明它们更喜欢 有人陪伴）”可知，当没有刺激时，狗会向左摇尾巴。故选B。【49题详解】词 义猜测题。 根据最后句 uComputer and video systems, for example, could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach.（例如，计算机和视频系统可以被专 业的训狗师用来确定他们需要接近的狗的情绪）”可知，他们指代的是前面的dog trainers,实验中训狗师要 接近狗。故选A。【50题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段中的 “While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video, it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood of dogs. Computer and video systems, for example, could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach.（虽然没有视频的帮助，摇尾巴的变化不容易被注意到，但人们认为这些发现可以帮助人们判断 狗的情绪。例如，计算机和视频系统可以被专业的训狗师用来确定他们需要接近的狗的情绪）”可知，此实 验能帮助人们判断狗的情绪，因此做这个实验的目的是帮助人们判断狗的情绪。故选A。四、阅读表达（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。When I was a kid, there was only one way my parents would let me stay home from school and that was if I had a high fever. Most of my friends could stay home due to a stomachache or a mild fever 一 but not me. I had to be dying in order to stay home. By the way, my parents are both doctors. My parents used to say that they were teaching me how to have a good work ethic（职业道德）. I didn't understand the connection until last week.The other day I was on the train and sat behind a young man who was complaining to his friend about his life. He went on fbr twenty minutes about how his passion in life was to make movies, but he wouldn't pursue it because he had no clue if he could make enough money and he didn't want to waste time because it would take years to make it big. He then admitted to thinking about buying stocks by borrowing money because he thought he could easily make six figures within one year. His friend agreed with him and said, “The stock is good because you can make tons of money and only work for a short time.”I think they were indulging(沉)弱)in the wildest fantasy. Many people these days don't realize that when things seem to happen immediately, it is only because a lot of effort, determination and time have gone into them and it isn't due to some miraculous(不可思议的)event. The easier it looks, the more hours go into it. There is no excuse for laziness.Looking at the two young men, all of a sudden I was having a flashback of being ten years old and watching the television show Fame.In the show the dance teacher told her students, “If you want fhme, fhme costs and here's how you start paying for it in sweat." Every time we watched that show, my dad would proudly say how right the teacher was because in order to succeed you have to work hard.49. When did the author's parents allow her to stay home from school?(No more than 10 words)Why did the young man on the train give up his dream of making movies?(No more than 15 words)50. What will it take to succeed immediately in author's opinion?(No more than 10 words)How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?(No more than 10 words)51. Do you agree with the author's opinion? Please explain it in your own words.(No more than 25 words)答案51. Only when the author was seriously ill. / Only when the author had a high fever.52. Because he thought making movies couldn't help make lots of money in a short time.53. It will take lots of efforts, determination, and time.54. You have to work hard in order to succeed.55. Yes, because working hard makes us successful and it's hard working, rather than intelligence, that matters.【解析】【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者的父母对他的要求很严格，他小时候不是很理解。但是后 来，作者明白了，只有通过努力才能成功。【51题详解】考查细节理解。不艮据第段 “When I was a kid, there was only one way my parents would let me stay home from school and that was if I had a high fever.(当我还是个孩子的时候，我的父母只有一个办法让我呆在家 里不上学，那就是如果我发高烧。)”可知，只有当作者发高烧的时候，他的父母才会允许他呆在家里不 上学。故答案为 Only when the author was seriously ill. / Only when the author had a high fever.【52题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段 “He went on for twenty minutes about how his passion in life was to make movies, but he wouldn't pursue it because he had no clue if he could make enough money and he didn't want to waste time because it would take years to make it big.(他花了 20分钟讲述了自己对电影的热爱，但他不会去追 求，因为他不知道自己是否能赚到足够的钱，也不想浪费时间，因为要想把电影做大需要几年的时 间。)”可知，那位年轻人之所以放弃做电影的梦想是因为他觉得做电影花费的时间太长，而且也不一定 能赚到足够的钱。故答案为 Because he thought making movies couldn't help make lots of money in a short time.【53题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段 “Many people these days don't realize that when things seem to happen immediately, it is only because a lot of effort, determination and time have gone into them and it isn't due to some miraculous（不可思议的）event.（如今，许多人没有意识到，当事情似乎立即发生时，这仅仅是因为他们付 出了大量的努力、决心和时间，而不是由于某种奇迹事件。）”可知，在作者看来，成功需要付出大量的 努力、决心和时间。故答案为 It will take lots of efforts, determination, and time.【54题详解】考查词句猜测。根据最后段 “If you want fhme, fhme costs and here's how you start paying fdr it in sweat. （如果你想成名，成名就要付出代价，下面是你如何开始为此付出代价的汗水。）”可知，这句话想表 达的意思是：要想成功就需要努力。故答案为You have to work hard in order to succeed.【55题详解】开放性试题。根据 “In the show the dance teacher told her students, “If you want fhme, fhme costs and here's how you start paying for it in sweat." Every time we watched that show, my dad would proudly say how right the teacher was because in order to succeed you have to work hard.（在节目中，舞蹈老师告诉她的学生，“如 果你想成名，成名就要付出代价，这就是你如何开始付出代价挥汗如雨。”每次我们观看节目时丁 我父亲都会自豪地说，老师是多么正确，因为为了成功，你必须努力工作。）”可知，这篇文章作者想要 表达的中心就是：想要成功，就必须努力。所以给出的答案要围绕这个中心展开。故答案