2022-2023学年宁夏银川一中高三上学期第四次月考英语试题（解析版）.docx

银川一中2023届高三年级第四次月考英语试卷注意事项:1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题的答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写 在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力理解（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题：每小题L5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. Who is having a holiday abroad?A. David. B. Mike. C. John.2. What time does the next plane to London leave?A. At 10:00. B. At 11:00. C. At 12:00.3. What is Mr. Thomas's life like now?A. Worse than before. B. Happier than before. C. As good as before.4. Why won't the man go to the movies with Helen?A. She is not in the mood.B. She likes talking during a movie.C. She doesn't want to go out with him.5. What is the man trying to do?A. Deliver some bad news. B. Find a new position. C. Make a speech.第二节（共15小题;每小题L5分,满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，says Jirinec. "If they are simply not getting enough to eat, you would expect them to lose weight. But why would they have more energy to grow their wings?”12. Why are some birds larger at higher latitudes?A. To preserve heat.C. To fight against heat.13. On what condition do birds shrink faster?A. When they are hungry.C. When they lose their habitat.14. What remains to be settled by researchers?A. Why tropical birds develop longer wings.C. Why some birds are smaller in hot climates.15. Where is the text probably taken from?A. A personal diary. B. A travel brochure.【答案】12.A13. D 14. A 15.CB. To find food better.D. To adapt to climate change.B. When there is less rain.D. When they experience extreme seasons.B. How Amazon rainforest is decreasing.D. How temperature of the birds' habitat changes.C. A science magazine. D. A science novel.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项研究。研究发现：由于气候变化，亚马逊河流域的鸟类现在 变小了。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段 “Birds and mammals of the same species are generally larger at higher latitudes. The leading explanation is that their smaller surface-area-to-volume ratio （比率）allows them to better conserve heat.（同 一物种的鸟类和哺乳动物在高纬度地区通常较大。主要的解释是，它们较小的表面积与体积比率使它们能 够更好地保存热量）”可知，在高纬度地区的鸟更大的原因是为了保存热量，故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段 u Weather patterns are also more extreme, with 13 percent more rain falling in the wet season and 15 percent less in the dry season, and the birds lost mass more sharply after extremely dry or wet seasons. （天气模式也更加极端，雨季降雨增加13%,旱季减少15%,鸟类在极度干燥或潮湿 季节后体重急剧下降）” 可知，鸟在经历极度干燥或潮湿的极端季节时，体重急剧下降，变小的速度更快，故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Tropical （热带的）birds deep in BraziPs Amazon rainforest are shrinking and developing longer wings as they adapt to climate change but why is something of a mystery.（在巴西亚马逊雨林深处的热带鸟 类正在萎缩并长出更长的翅膀，因为它们适应了气候变化，但为什么会如此，确是一个谜）”及最后一段“But none of this can explain the team's other main finding. Wingspan has become significantly larger in one-third of the bird species over the past 40 years. “Mass is a generally good measure of body condition in birds J says Jirinec. “If they are simply not getting enough to eat, you would expect them to lose weight. But why would they have more energy to growtheirwings?” （但这些都不能解释该团队的另一个主要发现。在过去的40年中，三分之一的鸟 类物种的翼展已经显着扩大。Jirinec说：“体重通常是衡量鸟类身体状况的良好指标，如果它们只是吃不饱, 你会期望它们减肥。但是，为什么它们会有更多的能量来长出翅膀呢？ "）”可知，为什么鸟类体重变小了, 翅膀却变长了，这个问题还有待解决。故选A项。【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据根据第一段 “Tropical （热带的）birds deep in Brazil's Amazon rainforest are shrinking and developing longer wings as they adapt to climate change but why is something of a mystery.（在巴西亚马逊雨林深 处的热带鸟类正在萎缩并长出更长的翅膀，因为它们适应了气候变化，但为什么会如此，确是一个谜）”可 知，这是一篇有关鸟类体型变化的科普文章，故最可能出自科学杂志。故选C项。第二节（共5小题海小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Defend Yourself Without Being DefensiveThere's a fine line between defending yourself and being defensive, but it makes a world of difference between ending and worsening a problem. If you regularly find yourself justifying yourself, blaming others, or trying to distract from the problem at hand, you may be on the defense. 16.Keep calm in the moment17. If you're feeling wound up （生气）,take a deep breath and resist the urge to say anything until you'vehad a chance to think it through. You'll handle the situation better once you've had a moment to ease your tension. In many situations, it's okay to be quiet fbr a moment. Not every conflict needs to be addressed immediately.Wait to respond to the criticismA rapid reaction is usually based only on emotions. Your immediate reaction might be defensive. Pause for a moment before you reply, and don't interrupt or cut the other person off. 18 Cutting in with corrections or“That's not true“ shuts down further discussion.19An explanation can make it clearer to you what the problem is. If you don't understand where the criticism is coming from, or if the person said something vague, respond to them with, “Can you explain? or, “Could you tell me more?” 20. For example, instead of, "Don't call my design ugly. I worked hard on that," say, “What makes you say the design is ugly?" Or say something like, "What's something we can do to fix that?”Encourage the person to explainA. Explain without defensive wordsLet the person finish, even if he or she is wrongB. Talking too much is not a good way to solve the problemsGetting angry or upset immediately tends to look defensiveC. This also gives you some time to breathe so you,re less likely to respond defensivelyFortunately, there are ways to find a solution to the problem without getting defensive about it【答案】16.G17. E 18. C 19. A 20. F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三种消除戒备心理的自我保护方法。【16题详解】上文“ There's a fine line between defending yourself and being defensive, but it makes a world of difference between ending and worsening a problem. If you regularly find yourself justifying yourself, blaming others, or trying to distract from the problem at hand, you may be on the defense.（为自己辩护和自我防卫之间有细微的差别，但是 结束问题和恶化问题之间却有天壤之别。如果你经常发现自己在为自己辩护，责怪别人，或者试图从手头 的问题上转移注意力，你可能处于防御状态。）”提到了几种容易产生心理戒备的情况，"justifyingyourself, blaming others, or trying to distract from the problem at hand”，结合下文黑体小标题，给出解决这些问题的方 式，G项“幸运的是，有一些方式可以找到解决问题的方法，而不对其产生戒备”承上启下，符合语境。 故选G。【17题详解】根据本段的小标题“Keep calm in the moment（在此刻保持冷静）”和下文“If you're feeling wound up （生气）, take a deep breath and resist the urge to say anything until you've had a chance to think it through.（如果你感到紧张, 深吸一口气，在你有机会想清楚之前，克制自己不说话的冲动。）”讲如果你感到生气，深呼吸，在你有机 会把它想通之前控制住（自己）要说话的冲动。因此推断E项“一生气或沮丧就会（让你）看起来是戒备的”与 下文衔接紧密，符合语境，下文给出解决办法。故选E。【18题详解】本段的小标题是u Wait to respond to the criticism（回应批评时等待一会儿）”可知，本段建议不要立即回应批 评，根据上文中的 “ Pause fbr a moment before you reply, and don't interrupt or cut the other person off.（在回答 之前稍作停顿，不要打断或打断对方。）”可知，不要打断或中止他人说话。因此推断C项“让这个人说完, 即使他或者她是错误的”承接上文，符合语境。故选C。【19题详解】空格处是本段的小标题。根据下文 “An explanation can make it clearer to you what the problem is. If you don't understand where the criticism is coming from, or if the person said something vague, respond to them with, "Can you explain?9 or, 'Could you tell me more?，（一个解释可以使你更清楚地知道问题是什么。如果你不明白批评的来 源，或者那个人说了些模糊的话，你可以这样回答他们:“你能解释一下吗？”或者，“你能多告诉我一些吗？ 可知，本段介绍了解释的重要性，一个解释可以让你更清楚问题所在。因此推断A项“鼓励人们去解释” 符合本段主旨，适合作本段的小标题。故选A。【20题详解】 上文 “An explanation can make it clearer to you what the problem is. If you don't understand where the criticism is coming from, or if the person said something vague, respond to them with, "Can you explain?' or, "Could you tell me more?，（一个解释可以使你更清楚地知道问题是什么。如果你不明白批评的来源，或者那个人说了些模糊的 话，你可以这样回答他们：“你能解释一下吗？”或者，“你能多告诉我一些吗？"）"讲解释可以让你更清楚 问题所在， 下文“ For example, instead ofJDon't call my design ugly. I worked hard on that/say, "What makes you say the design is ugly?9 Or say something like JWhat's something we can do to fix that?，（例如,不要说:“不要说 我的设计丑。我在这方面很努力。”比如，“你为什么说这个设计很丑？”或者像这样说，“我们能做些什么 来解决这个问题？"）”讲述了一些回应的例子，因此推断F项“这也给了你一些喘息的时间，这样你就不太 可能怀着戒备的心理进行回应”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题海小题L5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The Kindness Tour Bus is hard to miss. Wishes for peace, happiness and kindness 21 nearly every inch of its blue outside surface. Bob Votruba is the man behind the 22, Often, he will stand with a sign on a streetcorner right outside his 23 vehicle, waving at every person who looks in his 24. “It just fills myheart when people are 25 with seeing the word "kindness9, “ Vbtruba says. He tries to talk to everyone, 26 if it looks like they feel 27 for a bad day. He tries to make those people smile.The tour began when all of his children went to college, and he felt he had to take action. He 28 his car, furniture and most of his clothing to 29 this passion. Everything he owned was on his Kindness Tour Bus. The tour has continued since, based on his 30 that it's possible to 3kindness through wordsand actions. Actions can be as simple as a smile or a greeting or as 32 as working with a charity.“The 33 of what I do is that there 9s a certain amount of anonymity (匿名)，“he says. "If somebody'sreally having a tough time, they may not want to 34 it with their friends, brothers or sisters, but a(n)35 pulling into their town with the 36The Kindness Tour has already 37 more than 10 years, and Votruba plans to 38 going.He says there's only onething that could make himend this 39. "Death, “ he says. "IS40721. A. dotB. paintC.coverD. dye22. A. wheelB.screenC. brakeD. counter23. A. heavy-liftB. newly-builtC. parkedD. hired24. A. imaginationB. conditionC. directionD. situation25. A. familiarB. popularC. reasonableD. pleased26. A. apparentlyB. especiallyC. abruptlyD. merely27. A. conservativeB. exhaustedC. cast downD. left out28. A. ran out ofB. got rid ofC. took care ofD. took possession of29. A. followB. claimC. controlD. discover30. A. beliefB. interestC. promiseD. memory31. A. spreadB. repayC. proveD. accept32. A. uniqueB. innocentC. complexD. dynamic33. A. beautyB. purposeC. restrictionD. motivation34. A. preventB. witnessC. shareD. enjoy35. A. strangerB. adventurerC. expertD. applicant36. A. carB. vehicleC. busD. train37. A. waitedB. competedC.spentD. lasted38. A. keep onB. set aboutC. call forD. take in39. A. challengeB. vacationC. tourD. game40. A. chanceB. boomC. attemptD. breath【答案】2LC 22. A23. C 24. C 25. D26. B 27. C28. B 29. A 30. A31.lastA 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Bob Votruba开着自己的善意旅行巴士，向人们传播善意和快乐。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：善良的旅游巴士不容错过，祥和、幸福、善良的祝愿几乎覆盖了它蓝色外表的每一寸土地。A. dot 点缀；B. paint 绘画；C. cover 覆盖；D. dye 染色。根据本句中的“every inch of its blue outside surface"可知，对和平、幸福和善良的祝愿几乎“覆盖” 了巴士的整个表面。故选C。 【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bob Votruba是驾驶人。A. wheel车轮；方向盘；B. screen屏幕；C.brake刹车； D. counter 柜台。根据上文中的“Kindness Tour Bus”和下文中的“Often, he will stand with a sign on a street corner right outside his3vehicle.”可矢口、Bob Votruba 是驾驶员。wheel 与 Bus 和 vehicle 构成词汇同现。behindthe wheel意为“驾驶”。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常，他会站在他停放的车外的街角，向每一个看向他的人挥手。A. heavy-lift 重型地；B. newly-built新建的；C.parked停放的；D. hired雇佣的。根据本句中的"Often, he will stand with a sign on a street comerv可知，Votruba常常举个牌子站在街角,所以可知,此时他的巴士是“停放着的”。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. imagination想象；B.condition条件；C.direction方向；D. situation 况。根据本句中的 u Often, he will stand with a sign on a street corner n 以及 “ waving at every person ”可知， Votruba会向朝他这个“方向”看的每个人挥手。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Votruba说:“当人们看到善良这个词感到高兴时，我的心就充实了 JA. familiar 熟悉的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. reasonable合理的；D. pleased开心的。根据本句中的“ It just fills my heart”以及"seeing the word 'kindness9 n可知，人们看到“善良”这个词时感到很“开心”，Votruba也会觉得心里 很充实。故选D。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他试着和每个人交谈，特别是当他们看起来过得很糟糕的时候。A. apparently显 然地；B. especially 尤其；C. abruptly 突然地;D. merely 仅仅。句中 they feel 7 for a bad day 中的 they包含在everyone中，将这些人单独列出来是为了强调，四个选项中只有especially符合语境。故选B。【27题详解】考查形容词和短语词义辨析。句意：同上。A. conservative保守的；B. exhausted筋疲力尽的；C. cast down 沮丧的;D. left out被冷落。根据下文“He tries to make those people smile.”可知，这些人感到沮丧。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他处理了他的汽车，家具和大部分的衣服来追随这种激情。A. ran out of用完； B. got rid of 处理掉；抛弃；C. took care of 照顾；D. took possession of 支配。根据下文 Everything he owned was on his Kindness Tour Bus.”可知，这是指他把自己的汽车处理掉，换上了慈善旅游巴士。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. follow追求；跟踪;B. claim声称；C.control控制；D.discover发现。 根据上文中的 uand he felt he had to take action,以及下文中的 Everything he owned was on his Kindness Tour Bus.”可知，Votruba处理掉自己的汽车、家具和大部分衣服，去“追求”自己喜欢做的事。故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，他的旅行一直在继续，因为他相信通过语言和行动可以传播善意。A. belief 信念；B. interest 兴趣；C. promise 诺言；D. memory 记忆。木艮据 “it's possible to 11 kindness through words and actions可知，Votruba “相信”通过语言和行动可以传播善意。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. spread传播；B.repay偿还；C.prove证明；D. accept接受。根据本句 中的"through words and actions"可知，Votrubs开启善意之能是因为他相信善意是可以通过言语和行为“传 播”的。故选A。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：行动可以简单到一个微笑或一个问候，也可以复杂到与慈善机构合作。A. unique 独特的；B. innocent无辜的;C.complex复杂的；D. dynamic有活力的;D. simple简单的。根据本句中的“a smile or a greeting v 以及 or as complex as working with a charity可知，止匕处需填个和 simple 表示相反意 思的词，所以用complex。故选C。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我所做的事情的美妙之处在于有一定程度的匿名性，”他说。A. beauty美；B. purpose目的；C.restriction限制；D.motivation动力。根据本句中的“anonymity”以及下文引号中的内容“If somebody's really having a tough time, they may not want to 14 it with their friends, brothers or sisters, but a(n) 15 pulling into their town with the 16.”可知，Votruba认为他所做的事情的“美妙之处”在于可以在一定程度上匿名。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果某人真的过得很艰难，他们可能不想和他们的朋友、兄弟姐妹分享，但一 个陌生人开着公共汽车进入他们的城镇。" A. prevent阻止;B.witness见证;C.share分享;D. enjoy享受。 share sth. with sb .和某人分享某物。根据"Ifsomebody's really having a tough time,”可知，因为自己生活艰难， 所以不会和他们的朋友、兄弟姐妹分享。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. stranger陌生人;B. adventurer冒险者；C.expert专家;D. applicant申 请人。根据"If somebody's really having a tough time, they may not want to 14 it with their friends,brothers or sisters, but a(n) 15 pulling into their town with the 16.”可知，他们也许愿意和一个开着巴士进城的陌生人分享。故选A。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.car汽车；B. vehicle交通工具；C.bus巴士； D. train火车。根据“The Kindness Tour Bus is hard to miss.”及全文可知，是文章主题词，在文中原词复现。故选C。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：慈善之旅已经持续了 1。多年，Votruba计划继续下去。A. waited等待；B. competed 完成；C. spent花费；度过；D. lasted持续。根据句中“more than 10 years”可知，善意之旅持续了十多年。 故选Do【38题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:同上。A. keep on坚持；B.set about着手做;C.call for呼吁;D.take in吸收。根 据下文中的 “He says there's only one thing that could make him end this 19.”可知，Votruba 会继续前行。故选A。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说只有一件事能让他结束这次旅行，“死亡”，他说。“我的最后一口气J A. challenge挑战；B.vacation假期；C.tour旅行；D.game游戏。根据上文中的“The Kindness Tour”可知， 此处应选tour。tour多次以原词形式复现，为本文主题词汇之一。故选C。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. chance机会；B. boom繁荣；C. attempt尝试；D. breath呼吸。此处进 一步强调上文中的death,所以用breath, last breath与death构成同义复现。即他会直至他最后一口气才会 结束他的旅行。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题L5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当 单词或括号内单词的正确形式。With just over 600 day 41 (go) until the opening of the next Olympic and Paralympic Games, 42 official mascots of Paris 2024 have been revealed.Now it's time to meet the Phryges, the mascots for the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games, who havebeen tasked with an important mission: to show the w