2021年中考英语语法备考训练04数词.docx

数词【分析解读】数词为中考考点，但是考频不高。主要考点为基数词、序数词 分数以及hunfred/thousand/million 的用法这些用法具有固定性，所以才用的记忆方法比较好。【知识方法】基数词的用法序数词的用法年代表达法日期表达法数词分数的表答法小数的表达法 百分数的表达法 倍数的表达法知识清单数 词英语数词表示数目或者顺序，可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!1 .基数词的构成1-911-19整十几十几oneelevententwotwelvetwentytwenty-twothreethirteenthirtythirty-threefourfourteenfortyforty-fourfivefifteenfiftyfifty-fivesixsixteensixtysixty-sixsevenseventeenseventyseventy-seveneighteighteeneightyeighty-eightninenineteenninetyninety-nine注意：（1）基数词12是独立单词，需逐个记忆。（2）基数词13T9是在个位数词的词干后加-teen构成，其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen变化不规则。（3）基数词20-90的整十数除twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty为特殊形式外是在个位数词后面加-ty构 成。基数词21-99的非整十数是在十位数词后面加上个位数词构成，中间加上连字符。如21 twenty-one2 .基数词的读法在读三位数或三位数以上的基数词时，需在十位数之前（若十位数是“0”，在个位前）加连词and。304-three hundred and four1,342-one thousand, three hundred and forty-two（2）阿拉伯数字每三位数就需用一个逗号隔开，从后往前数；所用的英语单词为：thousand（千），million（百万），billion（十亿），英语中没有“万”和“亿”，在表示“万”和“亿”时要按十进位法来推算。1万可用10千来表示，即10, 000。100, 000, 000可写成a hundred million。35, 845可写成thirty-five thousand, eight hundred3 .基数词的基本用法基本概念基本用法例句从句子成分上分析，基数词在句Four of them went to thefactory ,他们中的4个人去了工厂。（主语）基数词（表示事物数量）中可用作主语、语）宾语、表语等I want two.我想要两个。（宾My classmate is eighteen.我的同班同学18岁了。（表语）表示“年、月、日”的时 间The accident happened on May表小编rToday we are going to study5课。He lives in Room 801.他住在801房间。表示时间，几点钟,几点过几分It，s two o' clock.现在是两点钟。用于四则运算One plus two is three.1加2等于3。Five times six is thirty.5乘以6等于30。表示百分数Thirty percent of them is water.它们当中的30%是水。4 . hundred, thousand, million 与 billion 的用法（1）与具体数词one, two或several, some, many等车用时，要用单数形式。five hundred people 500人two thousand books 2, 000本书many million trees几百万棵树（2）与of连用时，要用复数形式，但前面不能再加数词。hundreds of people 成百上千的人thousands of factories 成千上万的工厂millions of birds数以百万计的鸟儿hundreds of trees几百棵树二、序数词的构成序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成，例如fourth, tenth,但以下的这些基数词变为序数词时, 有特别之处。1 . onefirst, twosecond, threethird, fivefifth, niceninth, twelvetwelfth2 .以 ty 结尾的单词，要先变 y 为 I,在加-eth.例如：thirtythirtieth, fiftyfiftieth.以one, two, three等结尾的多位数词，要将各位数变成序数词。例如：twenty-onetwenty-first, one hundred and one one hundred and first注意：序数词前常用定冠词，有时还可以用不定冠词a/an则表示“又一 ”的意思。例如：Mr Brown has a second car. 布朗先生另外还有一辆车。He has tried a second time. 他又尝试了一1次。三、数词的应用1 .时刻的表示：小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。“几点钟”用基数词加o'clock。o'clock可省略。如:5点钟five (o'clock).”几点过几分 ”，W30 分钟”用介词 past。如：7： 05five past seven； 7： 15fifteen (a quarter) past seven； 7： 30half past seven。“差几分几点”用介词 “to”。如：7： 40twenty to eight； 7： 45fifteen (a quarter to eighto日常生活中的时间读法常常简化，直接按基数词的顺序读。如：7： 05-sevenofive； 7： 15-seven f ifteerio2 .年月日的表示： 年份用基数词，如：1999 年一nineteen ninety-nine； 1900 年一nineteen hundred； 2000two thousand； 1905-nineteen o five；年用基数词，日用序数词。如：1998年6月8日 写作：June 8, 1998；读作：June the eighth, nineteen ninety-eight 或 the eighth of June, nineteen ninety-eight。3 .世纪、年代表示法：(在)90 年代 (in) the nineties(在)19 世纪 (in) the nineteenth century(在)18 世纪 30 年代 (in) 1730s 或 1730' s4 . 编号的表示：©Lesson One =the first lesson 第一课；Bus No. 3 = the No. 3bus 3 路公共汽车；表示住所时不用“No. ”如：302房间一Room 302 (读作：room three o two)；如果编号的数词比较长，一般用基数词。如：Page 457第457页；电话号码，用基数词，如：3855633three eight five five (double five) six three three (double three)o5 .分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于 T ,分母则加“s”。$： 1 /3onethird, 2 / 3two thirds； 另外：1 / 2 a (one) half; 1 / 4one fourth 或 a (one) quarter;3 / 4threefourths 或 three quarterso half a second; a quarter of a second 四分之一秒6 .表示有小数的词用基数词。1.5 five point five5 twelve point one three five7 .表示百分数5% ： five percent (per cent), 0. 8% zero point eight percent (per cent).8 .表示有小数的词用基数词。5.5 five point five12.135 twelve point one three five9.其他用法：1)基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。如：一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy；一座 800 米长的桥 an 800-metre-long bridge；女子 400 米接力 girls'400-metre relay race。2)具体数词+metre (s) / kilometre (s) / kilo (s) long / high / tall / deep / away 等。如：长 江长 6300 公里。The Changjiang River is 6, 300 kilometres long.3)表示几十岁用序数词，eg.在他三十几岁时in his thirties4)倍数的表达：(一倍用once,两倍用twice,两倍以上用基数词+ times。如：5倍five times) o例如：He is as tall a boy as I.He is a head taller than I .He is two years older than IChina is four times as large as Europe.you. /I am twice the age of you.)I am twice as old as you. (=1 am twice older thanMy books are twice as many as yours.China is four timeslarger than Europe. (=China isfour times the sizeof Europe.)I pay twice as muchas it was worth.I pay twice as muchfor the house.例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!1.Chineseare looking forwaysto learnEnglish well beforeBeijing 2008 Olympic.A.ThousandB. ThousandsC.ThousandofD. Thousandsof2.Both of the rules are broken. Iwantto buy aone.A. threeB. thirdC. forthD. /3).4).A. Two- thirdsPlease write downA. Lesson ElevenB.theB.A halfC. A quarternew words in the text ofD. Three-fourthsthe Lesson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh Which is the smallest number of the four?解析：1.基数词hundred, thousand, million, bi析ion等前有具体数字时，它们后面不能加s,若这些词 后面有介词of （几百，成百上千）,thousands of （几千,数千个）,millions of, billions of 前不可用数词修饰。但可用many, some, several等修饰。故选答案D.2 .答案：Bo此题主要考查序数词的运用。3 .答案：C。此题主要考查英语中的分数表示法。英语中表示分数时，分母用序数词，分子用基数词, 当分子大于1时，表示分母的序数词后要加s.4 .答案：Ao此题主要考查基数词的编号。在通常情况下，名词编号有这几种表示法：lo事物名 词+基数词，且每个单词的首字母都要大写。如：Lesson Eleven； 2。定冠词+基数词+事物名词。 如：No. 6 Middle School练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!选择填空：1. of people in the world are sending information by E-mail ever day.A. Many million B. Several million C. Several millions D. Many millionsAbout of the surface of the earth covered with water.A. three quarter, is B. three quarters, has C. three quarters, is D. three quarter, areIt will take time to finish the work.A. one and a half years? B. a year and half C. one and a half year, s D. a year and half' s How long will your stay here ?、For .A. one and two day' s B. one and two day C. a day or two D. one or two dayWhen he moved to Germany in , he was already in .A. the fifties; his sixties B. fifties; his sixtiesC. the fifties; his sixty D. fifty; sixtyMy brother lives in on floor.A. six Room ;second B. Room six ;the secondC. Room six; two floor D. the room six ; the secondDecember is month of the year.A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth D. the twelveThis took place in the .A. 1940 B. 1940s C. 1940es D. 1940thIt is only from my home to the train station.A. ten minutes walk B. ten-minutes walk C. ten minutes 's walk D. ten minutes, walk 10. There are in this building , I live on.A. nine floors , the ninth floor B. nine floor, the ninth floorC. nine floor , nine floors D.ninth floor, the ninth floor11. The water behind the Three Gorges Dams （三峡大坝）should be higher than downstream（下游）。A. sixty-five metersixty-fifth meterC. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters12. There aredays in a year.A. three hundred sixty-fiveB. three hundred and sixty-fiveC. three hundred and sixty - fiveD. two hundreds and sixty-five13. How many teachers are there in yourschool?A. Hundreds14. There areA. thousand,but r m not sure.B. HundredC. Hundreds ofD. One hundreddoctors and nurses working hard in thatB. two thousandC. two thousandshospital.D. two thousands of15.What's one fourth and a half, doyou know?Yes, it'sA. two sixthsB. three fourthsC. one threeD. three sixth16. Now children, turn to pageand look at thepicture in Lesson Two.A. twentieth,oneB. twenty, one C. twentieth, firstD. twenty, first17. Both of thetwo rulers are broken. I want to buy aone.A. threeB. thirdC. forthD. /18. Decemberisthemonth in year.A. twentyB. twelveC. twentiethD. twelfth19.Whatisthe date today?It，sA. ThursdayB. June the sixteenth C.the best dayD. June fifteen20. She knowsa lot about China as she has beento ChinaA. for theforth timeB. four timesC. a fourth timeD. for four times1-5 CCACA 6-10 BCBDA 11-15 CCCDA16 -20 DBDBB