2022-2023学年北京市高三上学期入学定位考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

2022-2023学年北京市新高三入学定位考试英语本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无 效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。John Oens was an enthusiastic hunter and enjoyed being in the woods. Once into the Wisconsin wilderness in November, his team encountered something unbelievable when he checked the 1.Instead of a coyote, he saw a huge timber wolf, which is on the endangered species list, trying to get free. John realized he couldn't 2 this wolf, since the animal might die of exposure. However, he had to put his 3 on the line to free the creature. His heart was pounding while he prepared.His dad ran to the truck to get a gun as a precaution and some plywood（夹板）.4. they could figure it outwithout the gun.A little time had passed since they found the wolf, but it seemed like an eternity（永，恒）to John. When his dad returned, John put the plan in motion. He 5the plywood, using it as his shield（盾牌）.While all that happened,his friend filmed everything. His dad was also available to fire the gun if the wolf decided to attack. They were prepared but 6!John 7 closer and closer all the while. His dad was a reassuring sight for him. John looked at his friend for moral support, 8 that now was when the action started.Finally, John freed the wolf's paw from the trap. It took one moment for it to spin and fly away. The three men were happy because the wolf was free, and John was still safe.When they viewed the video to see it all 9 later, they noticed the wolf look at John for a brief moment before running back to the woods. Was it his way of showing appreciation? Anyhow, John made the best10!1. A. trapsB. plansC. routesD. numbers2. A. freeB. helpC. missD.abandon3. A. handsB. lifeC. mindD. hope4. A. HopefullyB. ExcitedlyC. FinallyD. Causallythe team conceptualises it as involving emotion-related processes, cognitive processes and also behavioural processes. In everyday life, ifs not necessarily easy to ascertain whether the person we're talking to is really listening, however. They might be making plenty of eye contact, for example, but it's always possible that they7re just pretending to be listening well. In this research, the team focused on only the participants, perceptions of others9 listening skills.In an earlier study, 147 first-year business students, who met weekly in groups of six to work on leadership skills, rated the listening skills of everyone else in their group. The participants then completed a scale that assessed their own extraversion. The team found that those with higher self-reported extraversion got poorer marks for listening.However, in this study, people's perceptions could have been influenced by the actual social relationships they had with other members of their group. So in almost all of the subsequent studies, fresh groups of participants rated the listening skills of fictional people who were described as falling at various points on the intraversion-extraversion spectrum （范围）.Results from these studies supported the previous finding. Time and again, extraverted people were rated as being poorer listeners in social situations. As the team writes: "That is, despite the tendency for people to see extraverts as highly sociable, they tend to see this sociability as highly one-sided/9An online study of 337 US-based adults suggested why this might be. Fictional people who were described as highly extraverted were also perceived to be better at controlling and modifying how they come across to others. "To observers, this signal of malleable self-presentation suggests that extraverts are more interested in "looking the part' than attending to what others have to say,“ the team writes.It would be really interesting, though, to see work on the real-world implications of this particular belief. "For example, listening has been identified as the key to successful sales J the team notes-so perhaps it would be wise for highly extraverted sales people to try to modify their behaviour with clients.A vast amount of research has been done on extraversion itself. "Our findings contribute to the study of extraversion by examining how people think about extraversion J the researchers write. And fbr understanding conversations and relationships, which of course are two-way, that's clearly important, too.27. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. Some reasons for poor listening ability.B. The participants, perception of listening.C. A common understanding of good listening.D. Some practical skills in improving listening.28. What can we learn from the passage?A. Being extraverted might be an unpleasant personality.B. Some people are afraid to assess their group members.C. Fictional people decrease the reliability of the research.D. Actual social relationship determines the scores of rating.29. What does the underlined word "malleable“ in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Smart.B. Flexible.C. Consistent.D. Stable.30. What message does the author probably convey to extroverted people?A. It is wise to listen more when communicating.B. Focusing on people's eyes makes a good speaker.C. Rating oneself honestly helps one in social situations.D. It is necessary to change one's selfpresentation style.【答案】27.C28. A 29. B 30. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现越外向的人越不善于倾听。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段的主要内容，结合“ There is no academic agreement on what constitutes "good, listening. But, in line with some other researchers, the team conceptualises it as involving emotion-related processes, cognitive processes and also behavioural processes.（对于什么是“好的”倾听，学术界还没有达成一致。但是，与其他 一些研究人员一致，该团队将其概念化，包括与情绪相关的过程、认知过程和行为过程）”可知，本段主要 介绍善于倾听的共同理解。故选C。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段 “The team found that those with higher self-reported extraversion got poorer marks for listening.（研究小组发现，那些自我报告外向性较高的人在倾听方面得分较低）”和第四段“However, in this study, people's perceptions could have been influenced by the actual social relationships they had with other members of their group. So in almost all of the subsequent studies, fresh groups of participants rated the listening skills of fictional people who were described as falling at various points on the intraversion-extraversion spectrum（范 围）.Results from these studies supported the previous finding. Time and again, extraverted people were rated as being poorer listeners in social situations （然而，在这项研究中，人们的看法可能会受到他们与团队其他成员 的实际社会关系的影响。因此，在随后的几乎所有研究中，新加入的一组参与者都对虚构人物的听力能力 进行了评分，这些虚构人物被描述为内向型和外向型的不同类型。这些研究的结果支持了之前的发现。一 次又一次地，外向的人被认为是社交场合中糟糕的倾听者）”可推断，外向可能是一种不讨人喜欢的性格。 故选Ao【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后半句 uextraverts are more interested in "looking the part' than attending to what others have to say," the team writes.（外向者更感兴趣的是'看起来像个参与者'，而不是关注别人说什么）”可知， 外向者具有易改变的自我表现。所以malleable为“易改变的，灵活的”之意，故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍越外向的人越不善于倾听，并结合倒数第二段的“"Forexample, listening has been identified as the key to successful sales J the team notes-so perhaps it would be wise for highly extraverted sales people to try to modify their behaviour with clients.（“ 例如，倾听已被确定为成功销售的关键，” 该团队指出，因此，高度外向的销售人员尝试改变他们与客户的行为可能是明智的）”推断，作者可能向外 向的人传达了交流时多听是明智的信息。故选A。DOutdoor lighting in general poses a deadly threat to insects. Thafs according to a study published online in November 2019 in the journal Biological Conservation, entitled "Light Pollution Is a Driver of Insect Declines”.The article notes that sudden drops in insect numbers around the world have happened over the past couple of decades in what amounts to an insect destruction. The blame is usually assigned to "habitat loss, chemical pollution, invasive species, and climate change”. But the authors argue that the forces of lightness have not gotten their due.A longtime preference among ecologists for studying daytime phenomena, and a preference for sleeping at night has led insect conservationists to overlook another widespread habitat disturbance, pollutant, and method of insect control: artificial light at night（ALAN）.ALAN's influence occurs through its interference with the development, movement, foraging, and reproductive success of diverse insect species. Another factor is lighfs positive effect on insectivore predation. That is, birds, bats, amphibians and arachnids aren't stupid-if a lot of insects start swirling around lights in the night, predators will also show up.Sadly, ALAN increases sharply after Thanksgiving, as many people add festive illumination（照明）to the exterior of their houses to celebrate the approach of Christmas. Many neighborhoods have a particular house that embraces the spirit of the season in such an outsized way as to produce a radiant haze perhaps visible to hunters in other star systems.The task then must be to lessen the ecological consequences of ALAN on insects while still maintaining sufficient levels of nighttime illumination for human safety and enjoyment."Monochromatic LEDs can be engineered to produce light of any desired spectral composition,the investigators write. "Therefore, once we know the specific wavelength affinities of insects, we can in theory design lights with minimal output in the wavelengths that most affect insect fitness.”Turning some of the lights off might also help. In many cases, it is far easier, quicker, and cheaper to block, dim, or turn off a light source than it is to find the particular bulb type or narrow bandpass 自Iter（滤波器）that makes its emissions visible to humans alone. Help end the war on insects. It is better to blow out one candle than to curse the planet.31. We can know from Paragraph 2 that.A. lights are to blame for insect decreaselightness hasn't got the attention it deservesB. lightness hasn't caused environmental problemsthe dying out of insects is too slow to be noticed32. What can we learn from the passage?A. Most insects enjoy the lights at night.B. Birds and bats cannot hunt without light.C. Lights in the night make insects easily caught.D. Lights in the night has positive effect on insects.33. What solution is proposed in the passage?A. To make lights only visible to human.B. To use candles instead of light bulbs at night.C. To reduce light resource by turning off some lights.D. To change the light bulbs into ones with special light.34. What might be the best title for the passage?A. The importance of light to insectsThe main causes of insects9 decreaseB. To light, or to candle, that is the questionToo much illumination is killing vital insects【答案】31.B32. C 33. C 34. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过多的光照会使重要的昆虫数量下降。【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段 “But the authors argue that the forces of lightness have not gotten their due.（但作 者认为，光亮度的影响力没有得到应有的重视。）”可知，光亮度没有得到应有的重视。故选B。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“That is, birds, bats, amphibians and arachnids aren't stupid-if a lot of insects start swirling around lights in the night, predators will also show up.（也就是说，鸟类、蝙蝠、两栖动物和蛛形纲动 物并不愚蠢一一如果很多昆虫在夜间开始在灯光周围打转，捕食者也会出现。）”可推断，夜间的灯光使昆 虫很容易被捕捉。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 “Turning some of the lights off might also help. In many cases, it is far easier, quicker, and cheaper to block, dim, or turn off a light source than it is to find the particular bulb type or narrow bandpass 自Iter（滤波器）that makes its emissions visible to humans alone. Help end the war on insects. It is better to blow out one candle than to curse the planet.（关掉一些灯可能也会有帮助。在许多情况下，屏蔽、调暗或关闭 光源要比寻找特定类型的灯泡或窄带通滤波器更容易、更快、更便宜，从而使其辐射只对人类可见。帮助 结束对昆虫的战争。与其诅咒地球，不如吹灭一根蜡烛。）”可知，通过关闭一些灯来减少光源，从而保护 昆虫。故选C。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段 uOutdoor lighting in general poses a deadly threat to insects. Thafs according to a study published online in November 2019 in the journal Biological Conservation, entitled “Light Pollution Is a Driver oflnsectDeclines”.（户外照明通常对昆虫构成致命威胁。这是根据2019年11月在生物保护杂志在线发 表的一项题为“光污染是昆虫数量下降的驱动因素”的研究得出的结论。）”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了 过多的光照会使重要的昆虫数量下降。所以“Too much illumination is killing vital insects（过多的光照会杀死重要的昆虫）”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。What Does Your Handwriting Say About You?Why do some people have better handwriting than others? Does it reflect your personality? Graphologists（笔t己 学者）believe your handwriting speaks volumes about your personality.A study by graphologists says: "Graphology is a discipline used in the determination, study, and interpretation of a person's personality with the aid of spaces, curves, strokes in a handwritten text. 35 It expresses various personality traits, like how honest a person is, how afraid the person is, etc.Some graphologists believe that a right slant（倾斜）in your writing could mean you are outgoing and open to new things, but a left slant could mean the opposite-that you like to be alone. Writing with no slant can mean thatyou're logical, practical person, not outwardly emotional.Large letters may suggest a big personality and that you seek attention, while small letters mean the opposite. 36People who write with big loops（H） when joining the letter L to another letter are thought to be relaxed andspontaneous, whereas a loopless L means the opposite, you're seen as tense. 37Space between letters can also determine characteristics. Spaced out letters suggest that you don't like to be crowded and like your space. Close letters can mean you get lonely easily and enjoy being around people most of the time-you might also fail to give others enough space.38 With computers and iPhones, many type everything. Handwriting is often used recreationally for things, such as personal notes, song writing, and journaling.There is no problem in taking pride in your handwriting, whether it's good or not. 39 If you're the only one who is going to read your notes, it's understandable to write however carelessly you want, as long as you can read them. If you,re writing for others, you might want to make sure everything is neat and easy to read.If you hate your handwriting, don't worry, you can always change it.A. Good and bad can be interpreted differently, of course.B. Medium sized letters might mean you're perhaps well adjusted.C. As long as your writing satisfies its purpose, you're in business.D. Some people have handwriting so beautiful that it's almost like art.E. The same is said fbr the eye of the letter 'e'-the bigger the loop, the more open you are.F. According to graphology, handwriting is nothing but an expression of the subconscious mind.G. Although handwriting is a basic action fbr most, this generation probably doesn't get as much practice as previous ones.【答案】35.F36. B 37. E 38. G 39. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍笔迹能反映一个人的性格。【35题详解】根据前句 u Graphology is a discipline used in the determination, study, and interpretation of a person's personality with the aid of spaces, curves, strokes in a handwritten text .（笔迹学是一门利用手写文本中的空格、曲线和笔触 来确定、研究和解释一个人的性格的学科。）”和后句It expresses various personality traits, like how honest a person is, how afraid the person is, etc.（它表达了各种性格特征，比如一个人有多诚实，有多害怕等等。）”可知，笔迹学认为笔迹是