2022-2023学年山东省青岛市高三上学期期初测试英语试卷（解析版）.docx

2022年高三年级期初调研检测英语试题注意事项：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在 本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分75分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the man do?A. Head for lunch. B. Meet the manager. C. Lend a hand.2. Where arc probably the speakers?A. In a kitchen. B. In a restaurant. C. In a supermarket.3. Why was Jenny absent from school?A. She was ill. B. She overslept. C. She had （o look after her mother.4. What are the speakers talking about?A. A holiday plan. B. The man's relatives. C. The man's invitation.5. How does the woman sound?A. Helpful. B. Grateful. C. Anxious.第二节（共15小题；每小题L5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题， 每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What is the woman dissatisfied with about the red sweater? had filled in dietary questionnaires as part of the government's regular national health and nutrition survey.（为了 看 看人类是否也会这样做，研究人员使用了 3000人的现有数据，这些人填写了饮食调查问卷，这是政府定期 进行的全国健康和营养调查的一部分。）”可知，帮助研究小组研究了它对人类的影响的是分析现有数据。 故选B。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段的“ghrelin seems to be the only hormone that directly stimulates eating（胃饥饿素似乎 是唯一直接刺激进食的激素）”和“by the stomach when empty（被空的胃）”可知，划线词所在句表示“它被 认为主要是胃空时分泌的“，划线词的意思是“产生”，和produced意思相近，故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的"Il is unclear why the effect happens, but it may be an adaptive response to fuel greater physical activity in summer, says Gorvin.（高文说，目前还不清楚这种效应发生的原因，但它可能是 种适应反应，为夏季更多的体育活动提供燃料。）”可知，皮肤对食欲的作用还需要进一步研究。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Surprise is the error signal our brains produce when something unexpected happens. It is a dopamine （多巴胺） trigger, producing the neurotransmitter （神经递质）that drives attention and motivation. 16 It makes us stop, notice, and leam.In his book The Power of Surprise, Rousell presents his finding from decades of his research:17 Theyform our self-concept.18 Samantha felt her shyness was a weakness, until her swim coach surprised her by naming her captain. He said, “She may be quiet, but when this girl says something, you're going to want to listen. The surprise left her feeling quietly powerful. The change in her beliefs and behaviors was instant and lasting.Not all surprising moments are created equal. Rousell illustrates some research-backed steps to use surprise well.Spot a self-criticism you'd like to help someone revise. For example, perhaps your student sees himself as a slow learner, or your employee believes he lacks creativity. 19 Maybe the student who thinks he learns slowly is also very thorough. The employee who thinks he lacks creativity is highly logical. Make your message quick and to the point. The more you delay on the topic or dress i（ up as flowery praise, the less surprising it will be. 2（） A Point out his weakness.B. It was an essential adaptation for humans.C. Identify the opposite side of the same coin.D. Also, it will make less diHerence to one's mind.E. Here is an example the author shares in his book.F. lb put it simply, surprise is a big deal to our brains.G. Surprise brings the experiences shaping who we believe we are.【答案】16. F 17. G 18. E 19. C 20. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是什么是惊讶和惊讶的力量。【16题详解】空前说"Surprise is the error signal our brains produce when something unexpected happens. It is a dopamine （多 trigger, producing the neurotransmitter （神经速质）ihal drives atiention and motivation.（惊讶是当意外发生 时，我们的大脑产生的错误信号。它是多巴胺的触发器，产生的神经递质驱动注意力和动机。）”，空后说 makes us stop, notice, and learn.（它让我们停下来,注意并学习。）”,因此空格处应接着上文,继续介绍惊讶 是什么，F选项“To put it simply, surprise is a big deal to our brains.（简单地说，惊讶对我们的大脑来说很重要 是介绍惊讶的，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。【17题详解】空前说 “In his book The Power of Surprise, Rousell presents his finding from decades of his research（在他的书 惊讶的力量中，Rousell介绍了他几十年来的研究发现）”，空格处应说明研究发现具体是什么，G选项Surprise brings the experiences shaping who we believe we are.（惊讶带来的体验塑造了我们对自己的信念。）” 是一项发现，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。【18题详解】空后说 44Samantha felt her shyness was a weakness, until her swim coach surprised her by naming her captain. He said, “She may be quiet, but when this girl says something, you're going to want to listen.M The surprise left her feeling quietly powerful. The change in her beliefs and behaviors was instant and lasting.（萨曼莎觉得害羞是她的 弱点，直到她的游泳教练任命她为队长，这让她大吃一惊。他说：“她可能很安静，但当这个女孩说什么时， 你会想要倾听。”这个惊讶让她觉得自己很强大。她的信念和行为发生了瞬间而持久的变化。）”，这是举的 具体的一个例子，E选项“Here is an example the author shares in his book.（卜,面是作者在他的书中分享的一个 例子。）”引起下文，符合语境，故选E。【19题详解】空前说"For example, perhaps your student sees himself as a slow learner, or your employee believes he lacks creativity4例如，也许你的学生认为自己学习很慢，或者你的员工认为他缺乏创造力。）”，空后说“Maybe the student who thinks he learns slowly is also very thorough. The employee who thinks he lacks creativity is highly logical.（也许认为自己学得慢的学生也是很透彻的。认为自己缺乏创造力的员工是很有逻辑的。）"，说明要 看到一个事情的另一方面，C选项“Identify the opposite side of the same coin.（识别同一枚硬币的反面。）”承 上启下，符合语境，故选C。【20题详解】空前说 “The more you delay on the topic or dress it up as flowery praise, the less surprising it will be.（你在这个话 题上越拖延，或者把它装扮成华丽的赞美，它就越不令人惊讶。）”，D选项“Also, it will make less difference to one's mind.（而且，它对一个人的思想影响较小。）”中的句式和空前的"the less surprising it will be"相一 致，继续讲你在这个话题上越拖延，或者把它装扮成华丽的赞美会有什么影响，因此承接上文，符合语境, 故选D。第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Amy Jandrisevits knows the value of a good doll （玩具娃娃）.''Dolls have a 21 we don't completely understand,'' she said. It's afn） 22 she got while working as a social worker using dolls to help young kids 23 their changing medical situations.Seven years ago, a 24 said that her child was involved in a car accident, leaving a scar （伤疤）on his face. Jandrisevits knew what might help the youth through this 25 period. "It's 26 to tell a kid, 'You are perfect the way you are/ and to build 27 that way,“ she says.Jandrisevits went about 28 that. She made a doll by hand that looked like her friend's child and sent it off. After the friend 29 a photo online of the happy child and doll, another woman asked Jandrisevits to make a doll for her baby, who was missing a leg.Word 30 and soon Jandrisevits was making dolls fbr children with birthmarks or facial deformities（畸形），from photos sent by parents. She 3her previous job and started a nonprofit, A Doll Like Me.She hasn't 32 fbr a doll since she began her nonprofit.In all, she's made more than 400 dolls. The waiting list is long but Jandrisevits is 33. As sheexplains, t4Evcry kid,34 gender, age, medical issue or body type, should look into the 35face of a doll and see their own.”【解析】21. A. powerB. themeC. systemD. fashion22. A. lessonB. inspirationC. rewardD. experience23. A. turn toB. adapt toC. realizeD. ignore24. A. workerB. patientC. volunteerD. friend25. A. unforgettableB. challengingC. complexD. impressive26. A. naturalB. generousC. helpfulD. hard27. A. confidenceB. connectionC. trustD. communication28. A. followingB. blessingC. explainingD.changing29. A. tookB.sentC. sawD. posted30. A. cameB. failedC.spreadD. read31. A. lovedB. quitC. beganD. lost32. A. chargedB. goneC. askedD. paid33. A. tiredB. curiousC. determinedD. famous34. A. regardless ofB. instead ofC. apart fromD. according to35. A. restoredB. beautifiedC. sweetD. funny【答案】21. A 22. B23. B 24. D25. B 26. D 27. A28. D 29. D 30. C 31B 32. A 33. C34. A 35. C（导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是Amy Jandrisevits用洋娃娃来帮助年轻的孩子适应他们不断变化 的医疗状况，帮助孩子们建立自信的故事。21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“娃娃有一种我们不完全理解的力量，”她说。A. power力量；B.lheme主题；C. system 系统；D. fashion 时尚。由后文 “using dolls to help young kids 3 their changing medicalsituations”可知，娃娃有一种我们不完全理解的力量，故选A。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是她在做社会工作者时得到的灵感，她用洋娃娃来帮助年轻的孩子适应他们 不断变化的医疗状况。A. lesson课;B. inspiration灵感；C. reward回报;D. experience经验。由后文“she got while working as a social worker using dolls to help young kids 3 their changing medical situations M 可知，这是她在做社会工作者时得到的灵感，故选B。【23题详解】考杳动词短语和动词词义辨析。句意：这是她在做社会工作者时得到的灵感，她用洋娃娃来帮助年轻的孩 子适应他们不断变化的医疗状况。A. turn to求助于；B. adapt to适应；C. realize实现；D. ignore忽视。由后 文“theirchanging medical situations”可知，此处表示“适应不断变化的医疗状况”，故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：七年前，一个朋友说她的孩子遭遇了一场车祸，在他脸上留下了伤疤。A. worker 工人；B. patient 病人；C. volunteer 志愿者；D. friend 朋友。由下一段的 “looked like her friend's child” 可知， 一个朋友说她的孩子遭遇了一场车祸，故选D。25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：詹德里塞维斯知道怎样才能帮助这个年轻人度过这个充满挑战的时期。A.unforgettable难忘的；B. challenging有挑战性的;C. complex复杂的;D. impressive令人印象深刻的。由上 文“her child was involved in a car accident, leaving a scar （伤疤）on his face "可知，要帮助这个年轻人度过这 个充满挑战的时期很有挑战性，故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“很难告诉一个孩子，'你这样就很完美'，并通过这种方式建立自信 A. natural 自然的；B. generous 慷慨的：C. helpful 有帮助的；D. hard 困难的。由后文“tell a kid, 'You are perfect the way you are”可知，那个孩子脸上留疤了，所以要告诉一个孩子，'你这样就很完美'，是很难的， 故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“很难告诉一个孩子，'你这样就很完美'，并通过这种方式建立自信。” A. confidence 自信；B. connection 连接；C. trust 信任；D. communication 交流。由上文“You are perfect the way youare”可知，告诉一个孩子他很完美是要给孩子建立自信，故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：詹德里塞维斯着手改变这种状况。A. following跟随:B. blessing保佑；C. explaining 解释：D. changing 改变。由后文“She made a doll by hand that looked like her friend s child and sent it off” 可 知，詹德里塞维斯着手改变这种状况。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：詹德里塞维斯朋友在网上晒出了她快乐的孩子和洋娃娃的照片后，另一名妇 女要求詹德里塞维斯为她失去了一条腿的孩子做一个洋娃娃。A. took拿走；B. sent发送；C. saw看见；D. posted （在因特网上）公布信息,发帖子。由后文wa photo online of the happy child and dollM可知，詹德里 塞维斯的朋友在网上晒出了她快乐的孩子和洋娃娃的照片，空格处是“（在因特网上）公布信息”，故选D。【30题详解】考杳动词词义辨析。句意：消息传开了，很快詹德里塞维斯开始根据父母发来的照片，为有胎记或面部畸 形的孩子制作娃娃。A. came 来；B. failed 失败；C. spread 传播；D. read 读。由 “soon Jandrisevits was making dolls for children with birthmarks or facial deformities （畸形）,from photos sent by parents M 可知,大家都知道了 这个事情，因此是消息传开了，空格处是“传播”，故选C。（31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她辞掉了之前的工作，创办了一家非盈利机构，名为“a Doll Like Me"。A. loved 爱；B. quil离开(工作岗位)；C.began开始；D.lost失去。由后文“started a nonprofit”可知，她辞掉了之 前的工作，故选B。【32题详解】考杳动词词义辨析。句意：自从她开始这个非营利组织以来，她还没有对一个洋娃娃收费。A. charged收费;8. gone去；C. asked问；D. paid支付。由后文asince she began her nonprofit”可知，她没有对一个洋娃娃 收费。故选A。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：等候名单很长，但詹德里塞维斯已经决定了。A. tired累的；B. curious好奇的； C. determined决定的，有决心的：D.famous著名的。由上文“The waiting lis【is long bul”可知，等候名单 很长，但詹德里塞维斯已经决定了。故选C。【34题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：正如她解释的那样，“每个孩子，无论性别、年龄、身体状况或体型，都应该看 到娃娃甜美的脸,看到自己的脸。" A. regardless of不管;B. instead of取代;C. apart from除了； D. according to根据。由上文“Every kid"和下文"gender, age, medical issue or body type”可知，此处表示“每个孩子， 无论性别、年龄、身体状况或体”，空格处是“不管”，故选A。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如她解释的那样，“每个孩子，无论性别、年龄、身体状况或体型，都应该 看到娃娃甜美的脸,看到自己的脸。" A. restored精力恢复的：B. beautified被美化的;C. sweet甜的；D. funny 有趣的。由后文“face of a doll”及常识可知，洋娃娃的脸是甜美的，故选C。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。For those consuming Asian food, using chopsticks 36 (be) almost second nature. About 20 to 33 percent of people in (he world use chopsticks 37 a daily basis. Not all of those are disposable (一次性的),38 no doubt many are.Felix Bock, a student at the University of British Columbia, was eager to find a way to recycle wood from construction projects, and he had a particular interest in bamboo. One day he found a drawer in his friend's house39 (fill) with disposable bamboo chopsticks, and an idea hit him.He decided to give 40 second life to disposable chopslicks by making (hem into home41 (decoration) or other accessories (西己件).He told the idea to restaurant owners, 42 (convince) them to install recycling bins in their restaurants. He cleaned the chopsticks, pressed them into square pieces and coated them with glue. The square pieces were then 43 (creative) arranged into household and office products. Bock's company, called Chop Value, has repurposed chopsticks into desktops, cutting boards and even table games.Since 2016 when the company 44 (found). Chop Value has rescued billions of chopsticks from landfills. Instead of an economy of the typical takc-makc-disposc model, Chop Value seeks to create one45 transforms waste into a usable resource.【答案】36. is 37. onbut#yet38. filled 40. adecorations41. convincingcreatively42. was foundedthat【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是学生Felix BOck通过将筷子做成家居装饰品或其他装饰品来让一 次性筷子重新焕发生机。【36题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：对于那些吃亚洲食物的人来说，使用筷子几乎是他们的第二天性。动名词短 语“using chopsticks”作主语时谓语动词用单数，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此空格处是is, 故填is。【37题详解】考查介词。句意：世界上大约有20%到33%的人每天使用筷子。on a daily basis是固定短语，意为“每天”, 故填on。【38题详解】考查连词。句意：不是所有的都是一次性的，但无疑有很多是一次性的。根据语境可知，句子表示“不是 所有的都是一次性的，但无疑有很多是一次性的”，空格处意为“但是"，可用but/yet,故填but/yet。【39题详解】考查过去分词。句意：一天，他在朋友家发现了一个抽展，里面放满了一次性竹筷，于是他灵机一动。house 和fill之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填filled。【40题详解】考查冠词。句意：他决定让一次性筷子重新焕发生机，通过把它们做成家居装饰品或其他装饰品。此处表 示“再一次生命"，不定冠词a,接序数词，表示“再一；又一”，根据句意，故填a。41题详解】考查名词的复数。句意：他决定让一次性筷子重新焕发生机，把它们做成家居装饰品或其他装饰品。decoralion 意为“装饰品”,是可数名词,根据句意和下文的“accessories”可知,空格处用复数,故填decorations。【42题详解】考查现在分词。句意：他把这个想法告诉了餐厅老板，说服他们在餐厅里安装回收箱。句中谓语是d, convince用非谓语动词作状语，He和convince之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填 convincing.,43题详解】考查副词。句意：然后，这些方形部件被创造性地安排成家居和办公产品。空格处用副词creatively修饰动 词 arranged, creatively 意为“创造性地”，故填 creatively。【44题详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：自2016年公司成立以来，Chop Value已经从垃圾填埋场拯救了数H乙 双筷子。公司是被成立，句子用被动语态，由2016可知，句子时态是一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去 时的被动语态，主语company是单数，因此空格处是was founded。故填was founded。45题详解】考查定语从句。句意：Chop Value不是典型“随意处理”模式的经济模式，而是寻求创造种将废物转化为可用资源的经济模式。分析可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，先行词one指代的是“model"，是物， 且one是不定代词,因此关系代词只用that©故填that。第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Charlie询问你今年的暑假生活。请你用英文给他写一封邮件，分享一件 你做过的有意义的事。内容包括：1 .你的经历；.个人感受。注意：1 .写作词数应为80左右；.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。【答案】Dear Charlie,I'm glad to receive your email asking about my summer holiday and I'm eager to share it with you.Generally, I stayed at home for （he summer holiday and finished my studies. Also, I did some exercise every morning and every evening to strengthen my body and refresh my mind. One thing in particular was that I worked as a volunteer in a local library at the weekend, where I helped with aiTanging books and reading for some primary school students. Through this activity, I became more patient and responsible.The summer holiday was a little busy, but fbr me it was meaningful and memorable as well. How about yours? Please write to me soon.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Charlie写一封邮件，分享一件你在暑假做过的有 意义的事。内容包括：1.你的经历；2.个人感受。【详解】I.词汇积累高兴的：glad>delighted假期：holiday>vacation有意义的：meaningfulsignificative难忘的：memorable>unforgettable2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：I'm glad to receive your email asking about my suminer holiday and I'm eager to share it with you.拓展句：I'm glad to receive your email which asked about my summer holiday and I'm eager to share it with you.点睛高分句型 1 I'm glad to receive your email asking about my summer holiday and Tm eager to share it with you.（运用了现在分词作定语）高分句型 2 One thing in particular was that I volunteered in a local library at the weekend, where I helped with arranging books and reading for some primary school students.（运用 that 引导的表语从句和 where 弓I 导的非限 制性定语从句）第二节（满分