UNIT11.1 getting ready & reading-【教材解读】2022-2023学年牛津深圳版英语八年级上册.docx

Unit lEncyclopaedias学习目标总预览 重点单词 名词 dinosaur 恐龙 inventor发明家 musician音乐家 scientist科学家 countryside乡村;农村 intelligence 才智:智慧 ability才能；能力 invention 发明 notebook笔记本 dollar元（姜国、加全大等国货币单位） 动词 born出生 include包括；包含 win（在比赛中）获胜，赢 形容词 human人的 副词 perhaps可能；大概 e ve n （强调出乎意料）甚至 however 然而 suddenly突然；忽然 代词 nobody没有人 常用短语1. be bom出生2. in the countryside 在乡村3. learn to do sth.学习做某事4. for example 例如5. flying machine 飞行器6. morethan 超过7. humanbeing 人类8. asas像一样9. die out 灭绝10. learn about 了解到11. come out of 从出来12. go to see a doctor 去看医生13. at the end of 在的末尾be used to do sth.=be used for doing sth.被用来做某事14. My father used to smoke.我爸爸过去常常抽烟。15. Mygrandmaisusedtogettingup early 我奶奶习惯于早起。16. Thisknifeisusedto cutbread.这把刀子是用来切面包的。中考链接()(泰州市中考)Dianausedtotowork, butnow sheisusedtobecausethe road is crowdedand she wants to keep fit.A. drive： walking B. drive； walkC. driving； walkD. driving； walking【点拨】句意：“戴安娜过去常开车上班，但现在她习惯步行了，因为道路很拥挤，她也想保持 身伟健康。" used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”,be used to doing sth.意为“习惯做某事 故选Ao应用完成句子。我过去常坐地铁上班。Itowork byunderground.9. remember to do sth.【详解】remember to do sth.意为“记得做某事, Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.当你离开教室的时候，记得关掉电灯。辨析 remember to do sth. 与 remember doing sth.remember to do sth.“记得要去做某事"，说明事情还没有做remember doing sth.“记得做过某事"，说明事情已经做过了, Remember to telephone me when you arrive there.当你到那里的时候，记着打电话给我。, I remember seeing her in this city.我记得在这个城市见过她。中考链接, )Please rememberyour notebook here tomorrow.A. brings B. brought C. bringing D. to bring点拨句意：“请记住明天带你的笔记本来这儿remember to do sth.意为“记得去做某事”, 事情还没做；remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事”，事情已经做了。这里是明天带笔记 本，所以还没做。故选D。应用单项选择。()Please rememberthe encyclopedias to the library after you finish readingthem.A. return B. returned C. returning D. to return参考答案UnitlGetting ready & Reading 要点详解1 .were born in2 .C4 .for example4.1 ncludes6.B7 .(l)as tall as (2)as fast as8 .used to go9 .D14. used to do sth.过去常常做某事15. remember to do sth.记得做某事16. be famous for 0而出名17. answer questions 问答问题18. find out 了解(到打弄清19. learnfrom从学到20. go forawalk 去散步21. breakopen 破开；破裂22. climb out 爬出来23. bemadein 制造于24. make sb. do sth.让某人做某事25. take pictures of 拍的照片26. begin doing sth.开始做某事27. atype of种28. in dry weather在干燥天气中29. be important to sb.对某人重要30. climbup to爬到31. consist of 由构成32. atthetop of £.顶端33. lookfor 寻找34. inorder按顺序35. since then从那时起36. bemadeup of ttl组成功能句型1 .谈论某人生平：(l)Da Vinci was born in the countryside.(2)As he grew older, he learn to do many different things.2 .描述过去的事实：Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings.3 .表达同级比较：Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.核心语法1 .限定词some和any的用法；2 .不定代词somebody、anybody和nobody等的用法。教材知识细解读Getting ready&Reading英汉对译Getting ready课前准备(教材第1页)In this unit, you will learn about some different topics from encyclopaedias. 在本单元.你将会了解一些来自百科全书的不同话题。Reading阅读, Read two short articles from an encyclopaedia.读两篇来自百科全书的短文。Listening听力, Listen to a radio programme about the u Human1 Encyclopaedia".听一个关于“真人百科全书”的广播节目。Grammar语法, Learn how to use some and any.,学习如何使用some和any。, Learn how to use somebody, anybody, nobody, etc.学习如何使用 somebodyx anybody、nobody 等。Speaking说, Learn to stress the important words in a sentence.学习句子中关键词的重读。,Talk about an interesting person or thing from an encyclopaedia.谈论百科全书中有趣的人或事物。Writing写作,Complete a short story about a baby dinosaur.完成一个关于小恐龙的短篇故事。human作形容词，意为“人的”。human还可作名词，意为“人：人类”，常用复数 形式humans； human作名词时，也可说成human being。useful是形容词，意为“有用的;有益的；有帮助的”,常构成短语：be useful to sb., 意为“对某人有用":be useful for sth,意为“对某物有用”。Reading阅读(教材第2页)A What do you know about？关于你知道什么?You are going to read two short articles from an encyclopaedia. Before you start, try the quiz below. Circle the correct answers. There can be more than one answer.你将会阅读两篇来自百科全书的短文。在你阅读之前，试着完成下面的小测试。圈出正 确答案。答案可能不止一个。1 Leonardo da Vinciwas a(n).列奥纳多达芬奇是一个。©painter画家engineer匚程师ccook厨师2 Leonardo da Vinci was.列奥纳多达芬奇是。a French法国人b English英国人©Italian意大利人3 Leonardo da Vinci painted.列奥纳多达芬奇曾画过。asunflowers向日葵(b) The Last Supper最后的晚餐dmpression, SunriseE1 象日出4 Todayyou canfind dinosaurs.今天你可以找到恐龙。a in zoos在动物园in museums在博物馆c everywhere在任何地方5 which of the following statements is NOT tme?以卜哪项描述是错误的？a Dinosaurs once lived on Earth.恐龙曾经在地球上生存过。AII dinosaurs were very big.所有恐龙都是很大的。c Some dinosaurs could fly 一些恐龙能够飞翔。cook此处用作可数名词，意为“厨师”：注意：cooker意为“炊具”。B Before you read 阅读前Look at the pictures and the titles of the articles on page 3. Then answer the questions below.看第3页上的图片及文章标题.然后回答以下问题：1 What is me painting in Picture a?Who painted it?图a中画的是什么?谁画的？Key： TheMona Lisa. Leonardo da Vinci.2 What are the animals in Picture b?What do you know about them?图b中是什么动物?你对它们有哪些了解？Key： (Possible answer)Dinosaurs. Dinosaurs used to live on Earth, but all of themsuddenly died out. Nobody knows why.Look it up!查阅！Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia.这是出自百科全书的两篇文章，Da Vinci, Leonardo达芬奇，列奥纳多Leonardo da Vinci(14521519)wasan Italianpainter, inventor , musician, engineer and scientist.列奥纳多达芬奇(14521519)是一位意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师及科学 家。Da Vinci was born in thecountryside. From an early age, heshowed great intelligence 博、 AXand artistic ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Usa, is perhaps the most famous painting in theworld. He also had many inventions. For example , his notebooksinclude some interesting drawings of flying machines. (SeeArt)达芬奇出生在农村。从幼年开始，他就显现出极高的智慧和艺术才能。随着他渐渐长 大，他学做许多不同的事情。他的绘画作品很出名。其中蒙娜丽莎可能是世界上最著名 的一幅画。他也有许多发明。例如，他的笔记本里就有一些有趣的飞行器的图画。(见艺 术)Dinosaurs恐龙Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years beforehuman beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were assmall as|12)chickens. Qthers(1I)were as big as ten elephants. Some couldeven(13)fly恐龙早于人类六千多万年就生活在地球上了。它们生活在地球上的各个地方。一些恐龙 像鸡一样小，另一些像十头大象一样大。一些甚至会飞。Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eatmeat.许多恐龙吃植物。然而，一些恐龙喜欢吃肉。Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out. Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them from their fossils. (See Earth history) 恐龙在地球上生活了一亿五千多万年。然后，突然，它们全都灭绝了。没有人知道为什 么。然而，我们可以通过恐龙化石来了解它们。(见地球史)mventor是名词，意为“发明象”，以元音音素开头，因此前面有不定冠饲修饰时， 应闱不定冠词an0bebom出生（见要点详解1）countryside是名饲，意为“乡村；农村”。常用短语：in the countryside意为“在农村”。ability是名词,意为“能力"。常用短语:have the ability to do sth.意为"有做某事的 能力”。as作连词，意为“随着”。（见要点详解2）©famous是形容饲，意为“著名的”。（见要点详解3）for example例如（见要点详解4）include包含（见要点详解5）more than意为“超过；多于“，相当于over；反义词组为less than,意为“少于”。million是数词，意为“百万”，与具体的数字连用修饰可数名饲复数时，million后不 加s,也不用Ofo（11） Some.Others0 一些另一些（见要点详解6）（12） asas和一样（见要点详解7）（13） even作副饲，意为“甚至”，主要用于加强语气。C Vocabulary 词汇Cl The words in italics are from the two articles on page 3. Circle the correct answersto complete these sentences.斜体单词出自第3页上的两篇文章，圈出正确答案.完成这些句子。1 when somebody/s born, he / she.当某人出生时，他/她。 comes out of his / her mother' s body 从他 / 她母亲体内出来b goesto see a doctor 去看医生cleaves his / her parents 离开他 / 她的父母2 Benny* s grandparents live/n the countryside. They livethe city.本尼的祖父母在乡村居住。他们住在城市。a inside 里面 outside 外面 c inthe centre of 中心3 Birds have a musicalab/7/ty. Theysing.鸟类有音乐才能。它们歌唱。（a） can 能够 b cannot 不能够 c are happy to 乐意4 The book/nc/udessome beautiful photos. These photos arethe book.这本书内有一些漂亮的图片。这些图片是书。（a） pan of 的一部分 b at the end of 的末尾 c connectedto 与有关联5 Shuman beings a（n）. 一个人是一个。a animal 动物 b machine 机器 © person 人C2Complete the article below with the words from the box. Change their forms is necessary.使用方框中的单词完成下面的文章。必要时可改变词形。evenhoweverinventionnotebookperhapsscientist甚至然而发明笔记本可能科学家when I was young. I used to keep anotebook. I wrote many poems and drewmany pictures of differentinventionsin it. They were not very good, but they helpedme think and dream. Now I am a famous （3>scientistand I do many important tilings. However, my journey began when I was at school, with my studies, and my poems and pictures. I was a student just like you.Perhaps you will do something important orevenbecome famous one day. Justremember to think and to dream.当我年轻的时候，我常常记笔记。我在里面写了很多诗，画了很多不同的发明的图画。 虽然它们不是很棒，但它们能帮助我思考和想象。现在我是一名非常有名的科学家，我做许 多重要的事情。然而，我的（科学）旅程始于我学生时代的学业、诗与图画。过去我曾是个像 你一样的学生，可能你有朝一口也会做重要的事情或者甚至变得出名。只要记得思考和怀 有梦想就行。used to过去常常（见要点详解8）something important意为“重品的事情“：形容饲修饰不定代词时，形容饲需后置。©remember to do记得做某事（见要点详解9）D Comprehension 理解DI Below are some notes about the encyclopaedia articles on page 3, but some ofthe facts are wrong. Read the articles and correct the notes if necessary.以下是第3页上百科全书内容的摘要。但个别事实有误。阅读文章，必要时改正摘要中 的错误。1 DaVnci» Leonardo达芬奇，列奥纳多a He lived from 1425 to 1519.他于 1425 到 1519 年在世。1452b He was born in the city.他出生于城市。countrysidec He showed great artistic ability from an early age.他从小就显出极高的艺术才能。Jd Heis famous for his paintings and books.他因他的绘画作品和书籍而闻名。inventions2 Dinosaurs 恐龙a Theylived on Earth more than 60 thousand years before human beings.它们早于人类六万多年就生活在地球上了。millionb Some were small； others were huge.一些很小；另一些很大。VcAII ofthem atemeat.所有恐龙都吃肉。SomedSome died out suddenly 一些恐龙突然灭绝了。They allD2Read the articles again and Complete the answers to the questions below.再次阅读文章并完成以下问题的回答。1 Who was Leonardo da Vinci?谁是列奥纳多达芬奇?He wasan Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.他是一名意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。2 What is his most famous painting?他最著名的画作是什么？ Itis theMono Usa.它是蒙娜丽莎。3 What did dinosaurs eat?恐龙吃什么？Many of them ateplants. Some liked to eatmeat.许多恐龙吃植物。一些恐龙喜欢吃肉。4 Howlong did dinosaurs live on Earth before they disappeared?恐龙消失前在地球上生存了多久？They lived on Earth for more than 150 million years.它们在地球上生存了一亿五千多万年。5 How can we learn about dinosaurs today?现在我们可以怎样 了解恐龙？We can learn about themfrom their fossils.我们可以通过它们的化石了解它们。*D3 Discuss and answer the questions below with your classmates.与你的同学讨论并回答以下问题。1 What else do you know about Leonardo da Vinci?关于列奥纳多达芬奇你还知道什么？2 why did the dinosaurs die out suddenly?为什么恐龙会突然灭绝了呢？要点详解1. beborn【详解】当说明某(些)人的出生情况时，be动词通常用was或者wee拓展与born有关的短语beborn in / on+时间，意为“出生于bebornto/in/into+地点，意为“出生于”，可指出生于某地，也可指出生于某 家庭。beborn+M/.意为“生来, Hewasborn in2000.他出生于 2000 年。, In 1867, Madam Curie was born to / in / into a teacher, s family1867年，居里夫人出生在一个教师家庭。, Mary, was born happy玛丽生来就很幸福。, Tomwas born English.汤姆生为英国人。应用完成句子。我的两个妹妹出生在广州，但在杭州长大。My two sistersGuangzhou but grew up in Hangzhou.2. as【详解】as作连词，意为“当的时候；随着”。 As we were talking, she came in.当我们在交谈的时候，她进来了。拓展as的其他用法作介词时，意为“作为；当作二, He is famous as a singer.他作为一名歌手而出名。作副词时，意为“像一样；如同”，用来表示程度。, Tom swims as well as Jim.汤姆游泳游得和吉姆一样好。应用单项选择。( )time goes by, I become more and more interested in the famous inventor, Lenoardo da Vinci.A. If B. Until C. As D. Because3. famous【详解】famous是形容词，意为“著名的”，相当于well-known,可以作定语或表语。, He is a famous football player.他是一位著名的足球运动员。, She became famous when she was a child.当她还是个孩子时就成名 了。辨析 befamousfor 与 befamous asbe famous for因而闻名be famous as以/作为而出名, He is famous for his great inventions.他因伟大的发明而出名。, Heisfamous as a greatinventor.他作为一名伟大的发明家而出名。4. for example【详解】for example意为“例如”，用来举例说明。, A lot of people here like this kind of coffee-Mr John, for example.这儿的许多人都喜欢这种咖啡，例如约翰先生。助记 for example 与 such as辨析 for example 与 such asfor example常用来举例说明二种情况，一般只举一例。常用作插入语，一般用 逗号与其他成分隔开，可以位于句首、句中或句末。such as一般用来列举同类事物中的几个，常用在被列举的人或事物之前，其后 一般不用逗号。, There are some other problems. For example, we don' t have enough time.还有一些其他问题。比如说，我们没有足够的时间。, People in many countries speak English, such as Canada and Australia.许多国家的人说英语，如加拿大和澳大利亚。应用完成句子。例如，路德维希凡贝多芬就是18世纪最著名的音乐家之一。Ludwig van Beethoven, is one of the greatest musicians of the 18th century.5. include【详解】include是及物动词，意为“包括；包含”；指整体包含明确说出的某些部分， 有时不一定要举出所包含的全部内容。, A good British breakfast always includes sausages.一顿丰盛的英式早餐总会包括香肠。, The children include 12 Chinese girls.这些孩子中有 12 个中国女孩。拓展including作介词，意为“包括在内”，后可接名词、代词或动名词，构成介宾短 语。, Many middle school students like readingHarry Potter, including me.很多中学生喜欢读哈利波特，包括我在内。included作形容词，意为“包含在内的”。 Everyone is happy, Dad included.每一个人，包括爸爸在内，都很开心。应用用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。The price(include)both the shirt and me trousers.6. SomeOthers【详解】SomeOthers意为"一些另一些”；其中others不是特指剩余的全部，而是指剩余中的一些。, Some people are singing. Others are dancing.一些人在唱歌，另一些人在跳舞。(可能还有其他人在做别的事情。)拓展SomeThe others意为"一些其余的这里的me others指的是剩余的全部。, Some people are singing. The others are dancing.一些人在唱歌，其余的人在跳舞。应用单项选择。() At weekends, people would like to go out for fun. prefer to stay athome.A. others； Some B. some； OthersC. some； Other D. some： The other7. asas【详解】(l)asas意为"和一样”，中间须用形容词或副词的原级。第二个 as后面可接名词、代词或句子作为比较的对象，其后若接人称代词，主格与宾格均可。(2)其否定式为:not as / soas，意为”不如；和不一样, Heis astall as I / me.他和我样高。, This dictionary is not as / so thick as that one.这本字典没有那本字典厚。拓展(1)当asas与表示重量、数量、时间、距离、价格等的计量名词连用时。往往并不表 示比较。而是构成一个形容词组，意为“重达：多达；高达”等。, The riveris asdeep as lOmetres.这条河深达 10 米。, Frosts oftenoccur aslate asMay.往往到 5 月份还有霜。aslongas意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。, I will stay with you as long as there is a room free.要是你有一间空余的房子，我就住在你这里。 You may borrow this book as long as you promise to give it back.只要你答应归还，你就可以把这书借走。中考链接()(孝感市中考)一Which do young people prefer, music or sports?一Both. Music issports.A. as popular as B. not as popular asC. more popular than D. less popular than【点拨】根据答语中的Both可知，音乐和运动同样受到年轻人喜爱，故使用asas结构，表 示“和一样故选A。应用完成句子。她和她母亲一样高。Sheishermother.他跑得和保罗一样快。He runsPaul.8. used to【详解】“used to+动词原形”意为“过去常常”，注意used to只用于过去时态，没 有人称和数的变化。其疑问句和否定句常借助于did。, He used to walk after supper.他过去常常在晚饭后散步。, Did you use to swim in the lake nearthe village?你过去常常在村子附近的湖里游泳吗？辨祈used to do sth. > be used to(doing)sth. be used to do sth.used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，只用于过去时beusedto(doing)sth.意为“习惯于(做)某事"，可用于现在、过去、将来等多种时态be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事"，是被动语态，可用于多种时态