北京市通州区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末质量检测英语试题（解析版）.docx

通州区20222023学年高一年级第一学期期末质量检测英语篇卷本试卷共8页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作 答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。第一部分：知识运用（共三节，40分）第一节完形填空（共10小题海小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Chinese operaChinese opera is one of the three oldest dramatic art forms in the world. During the T ang Dynasty, an emperor established a（ n）1 school named Pear Garden. From that time on, 2of Chinese opera were referredto as “disciples （弟子）of the Pear Garden”. Since the Yuan Dynasty it has been 3 by court officials and emperors and has become a traditional art form. During the Qing Dynasty, it became fashionable ainonu 4 people. Performances were watched in tearooms, restaurants, and stages.Many of the features that characterize tnodern Chinese opera developed in Northern China, including the use of certain set 5 like Sheng （the man）, Dan （the woman）, Jing （the painted face） and Chou （the clown）.It developed from folk songs, dances, talking and especially distinctive （独特的）dialectal music. Gradually it combined music, art and literature into one perfbnnance on the stage. Accompanied by 6 musical instruments like erhu, gong （锣），and lute （琵琶），actors present unique melodies as well dialogues which are beautifully written and of high literary value. For Chinese especially senior people, to listen to this kind of opera is a real 7Beijing Opera is considered to be the essence of Chinese opera, but actually, the language of Beijing Opera is not the dialect of Beijing. In 1790, four famous opera performing teams traveled to Beijing. They created the Beijing Opera by 8 their local opera with the operas in Hubei, Shanxi and Zhejiang. It was 9 to create a new opera based on the operas from these parts of China. At the beginning, the Beijing Opera was only popular in royal families and before too long, it had l 0 to every part of a China. Now, people from all walks of lifelike it.I. A. artB. danceC. operaD. musical2. A. listenersB. foundersC. fansD. performers3. A. programmedB. encouragedC. preparedD. designed4. A. seniorB. richC. ordinaryD. wise5. A. charactersB. dialoguesC. actorsD. actresses6. A. modernB. traditionalC. dramaticD. different7. A. desireB. attitudeC. pleasureD. expectation8. A. combiningB. comparingC. workingD. providing9. A. surprisingB. interestingC.shockingD. amazing选Bo【点睛】关于词义猜测题做题技巧。词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的种题型，主要有对生词的词义猜测， 熟词新义以及代词的猜测。其关键是根据上下文的逻辑关系，利用已掌握的信息，有必要的时候，借助生 活或者文化常识，确定单词的词义。如第三小题，根据下文every bit of that sweet experience可知她是这次 旅行的亲历者，她尽情地享受着这次甜蜜的经历。故划线单词意思为“享受”。故选C。CThe world's animal populations have decreased by more than two - thirds since 1970, according to a recent research from the World Wildlife Fund （WWF）.The London group provided information on 32, 000 wildlife populations which included more than 5,000 species. The researchers found that population sizes had reduced by 69 percent on average. They said the loss of forests, human exploitation（开发）of the environment, pollution, and climate change were great causes of the loss. Land- use change is still the biggest threat （威胁）to wildlife. However, the researchers added, “if we cannot limit warming to 1.5, climate change is likely to become the primary cause of biodiversity（生物多样性）loss in the coining years.”Wildlife populations in Latin American and the Caribbean Sea area were greatly affected. The research showed a 94 percent drop in those areas in over 5（） years. Wildlife populations in river and lake habitats decreased the most. Freshwater populations have reduced by an average of 83 percent since 1970. For example, one population of pink river dolphins in the Amazon River area of Brazil fell by 65 percent between 1994 and 2016.These findings are a red flag that warns of a larger system failure on the horizon. Even one species5 population reduction can a fleet other species, evenlually impacting the ecosystem's （生态系统）ability to function. Humans depend on a stable climate, predictable weather patterns, and productive ftinnland and fisheries to thrive（蓬勃发 展）,but the current trends arc severe enough to threaten many life-sustaining systems.Our future depends on reversing（扭转）the loss of nature just as much as it depends on addressing climate change. And you can't solve one without solving the other. Everyone has a role in reversing these trends, from individuals to companies to governments. If nothing changes, animal populations will undoubtedly continue to fall, driving wildlife to extinction and threatening the wholeness of the ecosystems on which we all depend.38. What is the greatest threat to wildlife populations recently?A. Illegal hunting.B. Global warming.C. Land- use change.D. Environmental pollution.39. How does the author explain the reduction of freshwater wildlife in Paragraph 3?A. By listing figures.B. By analyzing the causes.C. By making a comparison.D. By referring to a concept.40. What can we leani froin Paragraph 4?A. Climate change threatens many wild animals.B. Farmland is the basis of life- sustaining systems.C. Extreme weather events have become more frequent.D. Species variety is important to maintain a stable ecosystem.41. What is the main purpose of the text?A To explain the difficulty of restoring ecosystems.B. To call on people to take action to protect nature.C. To present the increasing trend of climate change.D. To show people's efforts in making up for the loss of nature.【答案】38. C 39. A 40. D 41. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了野生动物种群数量自1970年以来已经减少了三分之二以上。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Land- use change is still the biggest threat （威胁）to wildlife. （土地利用变化仍然 是野生动物面临的最大威胁。）”可知，最近野生动物种群面临的最大威胁是土地利用变化。故选C。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段 “The research showed a 94 percent drop in those areas in over 50 years. Wildlife populations in river and lake habitats decreased the most. Freshwater populations have reduced by an average of 83 percent since 1970. For example, one population of pink river dolphins in the Amazon River area of Brazil fell by 65 percent between 1994 and 2016.（研究显示，50多年来,这些地区的人口下降了 94%。河流和湖泊栖 息地的野生动物数量减少最多。自1970年以来，淡水种群平均减少了 83%。例如，从1994年到2016 年，巴西亚马逊河地区的粉红河海豚数量下降了 65%。）”可推断，作者通过列出数字解释第三段中淡水 野生动物的减少。故选A。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Even one species' population reduction can a fleet other species, eventually impacting the ecosysteirTs （生态系统）ability to function.（即使一个物种的数审:减少也会影响至lj其他物种，最 终影响到生态系统的运作能力。）”可知，物种多样性对维持稳定的生态系统很重要。故选D。41题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 uEveryone has a role in reversing these trends, from individuals to companies to governments. If nothing changes, animal populations will undoubtedly continue to fall, driving wildlife to extinction and threatening the wholeness of the ecosystems on which we all depend.（从个人至ij公司再至lj政府， 每个人都有责任扭转这些趋势。如果没有任何改变，动物数量无疑将继续下降，导致野生动物灭绝，并 威胁到我们赖以生存的生态系统的整体性。）”及全文可推断，本文的主要目的是呼吁人们采取行动保护 自然。故选B。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。If you have been exposed to a natural disaster （fbr example, a tomado or hurricane）, it is very important to learn ways of coping with natural disasters and their impact （巨大影响）.Natural disasters can be considered dangerous events that have a high potential to place you at risk. 42 Unlike other traumatic （痛苦的）events, natural disasters can also result in the destniction of property and financial loss, finther affecting your stress levels and disrupting （扰舌L） coping efforts. Despite the effects of natural disasters, there arc steps you can take to cope.43 Over and over again, it has been found that support from others can be a major factor in helping people overcome the negative effects of a traumatic event. Given that a natural disaster can impact an entire community, your support system may be weakened by a natural disaster.Try to establish a schedule. 44 A natural disaster can greatly disnipt your regular schedule increasing the extent to which your life feels out of control. Coming up with a daily, structured schedule can help you establish a sense of predictability（可预测性）and control.Talk about the effect of the natural disaster. 45 A natural disaster can result in strong feelings of anger, anxiety, and sadness. These emotions need to be expressed. If you hold them in, they may only grow stronger in intensity.Practice healthy coping strategies. Following a natural disaster, you will experience a number of intense negative emotions. 46 Alcohol use, excessive sleep, or seeking comfort in food may be effective short- tenn strategies fbr managing emotional distress. However, in the long- term, these strategies won't address the real issue and will only cause your distress to increase.A. Seek out and connect with social support.B. Try to limit all the other sources of stress in your life.C. For example, set regular times fbr meals, or waking up in the morning.D. Natural disasters can bring about high levels of stress, anxiety, and anger.E. Share your feelings with others, or find some ways to express your emotions.F. Therefore, it is very important to identify healthy ways of managing these emotions.G. Your most important task following a natural disaster is getting your life back in order.【答案】42. D 43. A 44. C 45. E 46. F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。每个人在生活中都有可能面临突如其来的自然灾害，当这样的灾难真的来临 的时候，人们肯定会有压力、恐惧等各种不适的情绪。文章告诉人们如何来处理这种不适的感觉。【42题详解】根据后句 “Unlike other traumatic （痛苦的）events, natural disasters can also result in the destruction of property and financial loss, further affecting your stress levels and disrupting （扰乱）coping efforts.（与其他创伤性事件不 同，自然灾害也会导致财产和经济损失的破坏，进一步影响你的压力水平，破坏你的应对努力。）”可 知，自然灾害不但会造成财产损失，而且还会造成心理上的压力。所以选择项D “Natural disasters can bring about high levels of stress, anxiety, and anger.（自然灾害会带来高度的压力、焦虑和愤怒。）”符合上下 文语境。故选D。【43题详解】根据后句 "Over and over again, it has been found that support from others can be a major factor in helping people overcome the negative effects of a traumatic event.（人们一次又一次地发现，来自他人的支持是帮助 人们克服创伤性事件负面影响的主要因素。）”可知，要在其他人那里寻求帮助和支持。所以选择项 A “Seek out and connect with social support.（寻找并联系社会支持。）”符合上下文语境。故选A。【44题详解】根据前句“Try to establish a schedule.（试着建立一个时间表。）”可知，要制订一个时间表，所以此处应具 体来解释这个做法。所以选择项 C “For example, set regular times for meals, or waking up in the morning.（例 如，固定吃饭时间，或者早上起床时间。）”举例子说明要建立时间表，符合上下文语境。故选C。【45题详解】根据前句“Talk about the c抵ct of the natural disaster.（谈谈自然灾害的影响。）”可知，通过和其他人交流 的方式来释放自己压抑的情感。所以选择项E “Share your feelings with others, or find some ways to express your emotions.（与他人分享你的感受，或者找到一些方式来表达你的情绪。）”符合上下文语境。故选E。【46题详解】根据前句 “ Following a natural disaster, you will experience a number of intense negative emolions.（自然灾害 之后，你会经历一系列强烈的负面情绪。）”可知，当在自然灾害中有强烈的消极情感体验后，一定要会 用健康的方法去调整这样的情感。所以选择项F uTherefore, it is very important to identify healthy ways of managing ihese emotions”因此，找到管理这些情绪的健康方式是非常重要的。）”符合上下文语境。故选 F。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，28分）第一节（共3小题;第47、48题各2分，第49题4分，共8分）阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹清 楚。Good morning. I hope you all are doing well in your studies and if there is a problem related to your studies, please feel free to come to my office. Today, I and all the teachers decided to gather all the children for the speech on World Heritage Day. Since the day is around the comer, I wanted to give knowledge to my children on this subject. As a Principal of this school, 1 try not only to make my children perform well in studies, but also to enlighten them on subjects which are very much concerned about mankind.World Heritage has been described as the common wealth of mankind. This day is a great reminder of our rich cultural past and it is our responsibility that we protect our heritage not only for ourselves but for future generations. Undoubtedly, heritage sites should be preserved and protected. They arc invaluable wealth fbr mankind. The date of the holding of World Heritage Day is April 18 and it was first started in the year 1982.I am speaking from my personal experience and I am sure every one of you must have noticed at some point. Regarding the fact that many people have developed irresponsible （negligent） attitude towards our national heritage. This is the reason that heritage buildings are often found damaged. However, it is due to the continuous repair work of such sites by the government that our nation is still able to keep its beauty, if not in its entirety, but at least to an extent it attracts millions of tourists a year.World Heritage Day is actually a day fbr every concerned citizen of a country to feel proud of the great cultural property of its nation. At last, I want to say in many ways, we can contribute towards the maintenance （维持）of world heritage sites so that their beauty does not minimize and they remain the center of attraction fbr people all over the world.Please consider what you can do to maintain the beauty of the world heritage. Let's do our best!47. Why does the speaker make this speech?48. What does the World Heritage Day remind us according to the speaker?49. What can you do to contribute towards the maintenance of world heritage sites?【答案】47. To give knowledge on World Heritage Day to children.48. World Heritage Day remind us of our rich cultural past and our responsibility to protect our heritage.49. I will try my best to promote our rich heritage in order to let people understand that it is the foundation of the nation, protect it and fight against those who destroy it.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇演讲稿。作者在世界遗产日来临前为学生们做的有关保护遗产的演讲，呼吁从我做起， 保护遗产。【47题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段的"Today, I and all the teachers decided to gather all the children fbr the speech on World Heritage Day. Since the day is around the corner, I wanted to give knowledge to my children on this subject今天，我和所有的老师决定召集所有的孩子参加世界遗产口的演讲。因为这一天即将到来，我想 给我的孩子们这个主题的知识。）”可知，演讲者做这个演讲是为了宣传有关世界遗产日的知识给孩子 们，故答案为 To give knowledge on World Heritage Day to children.。【48题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段的 “This day is a great reminder of our rich cultural past and it is our responsibility that wc protect our heritage not only fbr ourselves but fbr fiiturc generations.（这一天是对我们丰富的文化历史 的极好的提醒，保护我们的遗产是我们的责任，不仅是为了我们自己，也是为了子孙后代。）”可知，世 界遗产日提醒我们我们拥有丰富的文化历史，保护这些遗产是我们的责任，故答案为World Heritage Day remind us of our rich cultural past and our responsibility to protect our heritage. 【49题详解】本题是开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案：I will try my best to promote our rich heritage in order to let people understand that it is the foundation of the nation, protect it and fight against those who destroy it. 第二节（20分）50. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。为了帮助学生更好地学习英语，下周你班要在线上开展一次关于英 语学习的交流活动，请你用英语给你的英国好友Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加并就“How to be polite in English"这一话题给出一些建议，内容包括：1 .活动目的;.活动安排；2 .注意事项。注意：1.词数100左右。3 .开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,How's everything?In order to help students learn English better, our class will hold an online interaction activity about English learning next week. Tin writing to invite you to take part in it. Our classmates seem to be confusing about how to be polite in English. Would you please give us some suggestions on it?The activity will be held at 8:00 on Tuesday and last about an hour. Considering there arc s