2022高考英语阅读之说明文基础训练含答案.docx

2022高考英语阅读之说明文基础训练（二）（A）The grocery store might not be your favorite place to visit when you're at home, but is it ever fun when you're in another country? Honestly speaking, they're one of those strange little destinations that I like to sniff out everywhere I go, much as other travelers head toward clothing stores, libraries, coffee shops or galleries.The greatest beauty of the grocery store whether it's a supermarket or a tiny shop 一 is that it gives you a glimpse into what local people buy to cook their own meals. This offers clues into their lifestyles and preferences, and into the agricultural and cooking practices of the country. I stare at the strange fruits and vegetables, the seafood, the cheese, the spices, the bread, and oh, the chocolate.always the chocolate!Being the environmental nerd （呆子）I am, I like paying attention to packaging, which can reflect people's attitudes towards environmental protection. Italy, for example, has a habit of requiring customers to bag their fruits and vegetables in plastic for weighing, while Sri Lanka leaves everything loose in bins. In Brazil, everything is prepackaged in a layer of plastic.People in grocery stores tend to be friendlier. They smile, say hello, and sometimes ask questions, which can lead to great conversations. I had a further discussion with a teenaged cashierin Sri Lanka, over which bag of crunchy （松脆的）mix to buy. He insisted that the one labeled “spicy” would be too hot for me, but I told him I was willing to risk it. He laughed and we ended up talking about my favorite Sri Lankan foods for ten minutes.It's interesting then to e home and look at one's own local grocery store through new eyes. What would a visitor think? What stands out, and what do the food displays say about us as a culture? You might be surprised by what you realize.1. According to the author, what is the key benefit of visiting foreign grocery stores?A. Learning to cook foreign dishes.B. Making friends with local people.C.Buying cheaper food and souvenirs.D. Knowinglocal people and the country.2. What does the author show by mentioning some countries in paragraph 3?A. People's special lifestyles. B. People's shopping habits.C. People's environmental awareness. D. People's packaging methods.3. What can wc infer fromparagraph 4?A. Sri Lankans know a lot about food.B. Grocery stores are good social places.C. Grocery stores vary in different countries.D. Sri Lankans like to give strangers suggestions.4. Which of the following shows the structure of text? (P: paragraph)Life will probably be very different in 2O5O.First of all, it seems that TV channels villhavcv<mishcdby2050. Instead,pcoplcwillchooscaprogrammcfromamcnuandaputc rwinsendtheprogrammedirectIytothetelevision.By2050,music,films , programmes, newspapersandbooks willetous inthesimilarway.In many places , agriculture is developing quickly and people are growing fruit andvegetables for export.This uses a lot of water.Therefbre, there could be serious shortages ofwater.Somescientistspredict thatwatercouldbethecauseofwars ifwedon'tact now.Inthefuture , cars wilhunonnew , clean fuelsandtheywiHgoveryfast.Cars willhaveputers to control the speed and there won't be any accidents.Today , many cars haveputers that tell drivers exactly where they are.By 2050, the puter will control the carand drive it to your destination. Also, by 2050, space planes will fly people from Los AngelestoTokyoinjust two hours.Some big paniesnow prefertouse robotsthatdonotaskfor payrisesor goonstrike, andwork24hoursaday.Theyarealsoeasytoconlrol.Andtheyneverarguewithpeople.Theyc anbeeasilyusedinavarietyofplaces-factories , schools , offices , hospitals , shopsandhomes.Scientists will have discovered how to control genes.Scientists have already produccdclones ofanimals.By2050 , scientists willbcablcto producccloncsofpcoplcanddccidchow thcylookandhowthcybchavc.Scicntistswillbc ableto dothesethings, butshouldthey?LWhichofthefbllowingbestexplains"vanishedunderlinedinParagraph 1 ?A Settled.B. Disappeared.C. Decreased.D. Spread.2 .WhatdoesParagraph4 intendtoshow?A. Robotshave many advantages.B. Robotshavemuchto be improved.C. Robotsworkfor humansforfree.D. Robotscan workindifferent places.3 .Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpress inthelast paragraph?AHeislookingforwardtousingcloninglechnology.BHeprobablydisagreeswilhtheideaofhumancloning.CThescicntistshavc alrcadydiscovcrcdhow tocontrolgcncs.DThescientistswillface manydifficultiesofcontrollinggenes.4 .Whatis thebesttitleforthetext?A. High-techCarsB. Is CloningReallyGood?C. Lifeinthe FutureD. AreYouReadyfortheFuture?(C)The scientists placed underwater speakers in areas where coral had been dying in Australia's northern Great Barrier Reef. They played certain sounds over a period of about 6 weeks and studied the results. The team reported that twice as many fish arrived in areas where the sounds of healthy coral were played. Among the arriving fish were species that feed on all major food sources.The researchers noted the importance of having many different kinds of fish return to the area. Different species of fish perform many activities that support the ocean environment and sea life. ''Damaged reefs have a higher chance of recovery if they have healthy fish population/' the scientists wrote in the report.Steve Simpson said that “healthy coral reefs are remarkably noisy places." They contain the sounds of many kinds of shrimp, fish and other sea creatures. Young fish listen for these sounds when they are looking for a place to settle. He added that reefs “bee ghostly quiet“ when they suffer destruction that is usually related to human-caused pollution. Coral damage can cause unappealing smells and sounds that drive shrimp and fish away.Mark Meekan is a fish biologist. He said that the return of these fish is the first step to seeing major improvements in reef health." Recovery is undei oinned by fish that clean the reef and create space fbr corals to regrow,v he said. Tim Gordon says he believes sound can be used to bring back dead coral in areas suffering major destruction in oceans across the world.University of Bristol professor Andy Radford said the underwater sounds are a promising way to fight coral reef damage at the local munity level. But he noted that other threats need to be reduced as well. These include climate change, pollution and overfishing. From local management innovations to international political action, we need meaningful progress at all levels to paint a better future for reefs worldwide.1. Why did researchers attract fish by playing sounds underwater?A. To study Ihe population of fish.B. To catch fish as major food sources.C. To recover damaged reefs naturally.D. To record the sounds of healthy corals.2. How did Steve explain the coral reefs?A. By presenting the research results.B. By making parisons.C. By listing some specific data.D. By giving some examples.3. What does the underlined word “underpinned” in Para.4 mean?A. Destroyed B. Affected C. Supported D. Attacked.4. What does Professor Andy stress?A. Reef needs protection at all levels.B. Climate change is more serious than reef damage.C. Overfishing threatens world coral reef.D. Pollution needs international political action.(D)When he was two years old, Ben stopped seeing out of his left eye. His mother took him to the doctor and soon discovered he had cancer in both eyes. After possible treatments failed, doctors removed both his eyes. For Ben, vision was gone forever.Bui by the time he was seven years old, he had developed a technique for feeling the world around him: he clicked with his mouth and listened for the returning echoes. This method enabled Ben to determine the locations of open doorways, people, parked cars, garbage cans, and so on. He was echolocating: bouncing his sound waves off objects in the environment and catching the reflections to build a mental model of his surroundings.Echolocation may sound like an improbable feat for a human, but thousands of blind people have perfected this skill, just like Ben did. The event has been written about since at least the 1940s, when the word "echolocation" was first invented in a science article titled Echolocation by Blind Men , Bats, and Radar ”How could blindness give rise to the amazing ability to understand the surroundings with one's ears? The answer lies in a gift on the brain; huge adaptability.Mother Nature filled our brains with flexibility to adapt to circumstances. Just as sharp teeth and fast legs are useful for survival, so is the brain's ability to reset, which allows for learning, memory, and die ability to develop new skills.In Bens case, his brain's flexible wiring repurposed his visual cortex for processing sound. As a result, Ben had more neurons available to deal with listening information, and this increased processing power allowed Ben to interpret soundwaves in shocking detail. Ben's super-hearing proves a more general rule: the more brain area a particular sense has, the better it performs.1. How did Ben "see" after he had his eyes removed?A. By using a walking stick.C. By inventing a new system.B. By asking others for help.D. By echolocating surroundings.2. What does the underlined word “fbat" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Skill.B. Task.C. Scnse.D. Invention.3. What can we learn from Ben's case?A. He laughs best who laughs last.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. God shuts one door but he opens another.D. Man bees learned by asking questions.4. In which column of a magazine can we read this passage?A. Culture Shock.B. Human Biology.C. Scientific Technology.D. Environmental Protection.（E）Remote technologies will play an increasingly-vital role in driving the education industry, as the COVID-19 pandemic（流行病）forced the world to go remote, according to an industry insider.“Remote technology is continuing to empower （授权）online education, with large migrations online. With the continuous application of new technology methods such as big data and artificial intelligence, students * learning outes have been significantly improved,“ said Wang Yan, chief architecture officer at Zuoyebang（作业帮）.Technology and outes are two major challenges that panies face when they transform from offline to online. The education industry is facing the largest traffic challenge ever,“ Wang said.To upgrade the infrastructure（基础设施）,Zuoyebang has continued to upgrade its technology, changing from its original single cloud service to multiple cloud services and from mostly using third-party live broadcast systems to now relying on an independent system.“For online classes, only live-streaming can achieve a real interacting（交互式的） effect, which can get both students and teachers more involved. It is impossible to achieve such outes through recorded and broadcast lessons, he added.The Beijing-based pany developed a plete set of live-streaming architecture based on the ZRTC agreement. It can fully support classes, including one-on-one tutoring and six-to-six small interactive classes. In the five weeks from February 3 to March 9 last year, Zuoycbang has helped 275 teachers bring 1,832 classes to more than 33 million primary and middle school students across the country.1. Which technique is most beneficial to students who have online classes?A. broadcast lessonsB. live-streamingC. face-to-face lessonsD. recorded lessonsIt can be inferred from the passage that.A. Remote technology is a key driver for education.B. The pany has upgraded its technology to overe its challenge.C. The pany that has livestreaming architecture can only support classical big classes teaching.D. Zuoyebang has helped thousands of primary and middle school students to have online classes.2. What is the author's attitude towards Remote technologies?A. WorriedB. NegativeC. Opposed D. Confident参考答案：(A)： DCBC(B)： BABC(C)： CBCA(D)1 o 根据第二段中“But by the time he was seven years old, he had developed a technique for feeling the world around him: he clicked with his mouth and listened for the returning echoes.(但 在他七岁的时候，他已经发展出了一种感受周围世界的技术：他用嘴发出咔哒咔哒的声音， 听着声音的I可音)”可知，Ben的眼睛被摘除后，他通过问声定位周围环境。故选D。2o 根据画线词后文“but thousands of blind people have perfected this skill, just like Ben did”可知，回声定位对人类来说可能听起来是一项不太可能的技能，但成千上万的盲人已 经完善了这项技能,就像Ben 一样。由此推知,画线词意思是“技能”。A. S皿1.技能;B. Task. 任务;C. Sense.感觉；D. Invention.发明。故选 A。3。根据第一段的“For Ben, vision was gone foreverv （对于Ben来说视觉永远失去了 ） 和最后,段中 “In Ben's case, his brain's flexible wiring repurposed his visual cortex for processing sound. As a result, Ben had more neurons available to deal with listening information, and this increased processing power allowed Ben to interpret soundwaves in shocking detail.（在 Ben的例子中，他大脑的灵活线路改变了他的视觉皮层处理声音的功能。结果，Ben有了更 多的神经元可用来处理听到的信息，这种增强的处理能力使Ben能够以惊人的细节解释声 波）”可知，Ben虽然失去了视力，但发展出了回声定位的技能，所以他的故事告诉我们''天 无绝人之路”的道理。故选C。4o 根据倒数第二段"Mother Nature filled our brains with flexibility to adapt to circumstances. Just as sharp teeth and fast legs are useful for survival, so is the brain's ability to reset, which allows fbr learning, memory, and die ability to develop new skills.（大自然让我们的 大脑充满了适应环境的灵活性。就像锋利的牙齿和快速的腿有助于生存一样，大脑的重置能 力也是如此，它允许学习、记忆和死亡发展新技能的能力）”结合文章讲述了 Ben两岁时摘 除了双眼，结果他在七岁时发展出了回声定位的技能。大自然让我们的大脑充满了适应环境 的灵活性，Ben的超级听力证明了 个更普遍的规律：种特殊感官在大脑中占据的区域越 多，它的表现就越好。可推知，文章可能选自“人类生物学”专栏。故选B。（E）1 o 根据第一段中"Remote technologies will play an increasingly-vital role in driving the education industry （远程技术将在推动教育行业方面发挥越来越重要 的作用）”和倒数第二段中“For online classes, only live-streaming can achieve a real interacting（交互式的）effect, which can get both students and teachers more involved. （对于线上课程来说，只有直播才能实现真正的互动效果，才能让学生和老师都 更多地参与进来。）“可知，视频直播远程技术对线上课程的学生最有利。故选B 项。2o 根据第一段“Remote technologies will play an increasingly-vital role in driving the education industry, as the COVID-19 pandemic（流行病）forced the world to go remote, according to an industry insider.（一位业内人士表示，随着新冠肺炎流 行病迫使全世界都走向远程，远程技术将在推动教育行业方面发挥越来越重要的 作用。）“可知，远程技术是教育的一个关键驱动力。故选A项。3o 根据第一段中“Remote technologies will play an increasingly-vilal role in driving the education industry （远程技术将在推动教育行业方面发挥越来越重要 的作用）”和倒数第二段中“For online classes, only live-streaming can achieve a real interacting（交互式的）effect, which can get both students and teachers more involved. It is impossible to achieve such outes through recorded and broadcast lessons （对于线 上课程来说，只有直播才能实现真正的互动效果，才能让学生和老师都更多地参 与进来。通过录音和广播课程是不可能达到这样的效果的。户以及最后一段中“It can fully support classes, including one-on-one tutoring and six-to-six small interactive classes.（它可以完全支持课堂，包括一对一的辅导和六对六的小互动 班。户可推知，作者对远程技术充满信心。故选D项。