2022届北京市东城区高三下学期一模考试英语试题.docx

北京市东城区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一） 英语本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作 答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。Every year, around 20,000 American teenagers age out of foster care （寄养）at 18, and have to start their lives by themselves.Ella first became aware of foster care when her parents were considering adopting a child. Although the didn't work out, Ella often found herself thinking about that child. "I'm really close with my family, and just couldn't imagine being 2 on my own at 18/ she says.Later, Ella visited Children Services, with a list of questions, trying to 3 what aging out looked like.One question was "What's not being 4 for these young people?”. Near the top of the list was furniture. “The idea of moving into an apartment and not having a bed to sleep on pulled at my heartstrings/ says Ella.Ella contacted her parents' friends asking if they had spare furniture to 5. And a local furniture storeoffered free space and delivery truck. Then she formed Chair-ity, a nonprofit providing furniture for young adults who have 6 foster care.Watching those in need receive a bed, a tablewhateverwas transformational. Ella remembers Hannah, a former foster care girl who couldn't afford any furniture. When Hannah 7 to Chair-ity, Ella asked what she needed. Everything/ she replied. When she found her once 8 apartment stood a full kitchen set, a bed, and a table, she said, “It really relieved my pressure/“To think what hadn/t been thought about in years could bring so much happiness to somebody was9 Ella says.Today, Chair-ity has given furniture to nearly 200 young adults. As word has got out, Ella has received donations from more and more people. She's convinced these contributions give those young people10 and confidence.1. A. planB. jobC. wayD. task2. A. occasionally2. A. occasionallyB. completelyC. frequentlyD. slightlyPsychology certainly supports this belief. While having good self-control was positively associated with happiness, being able to enjoy life's little pleasures without feeling ashamed of doing so is just as important. For example, even if you have a busy schedule of work, make time to stop by your favorite coffee shop or spend ten minutes to go on a walk outdoors.I cannot urge you to give up your late nights of studying, energy drinks and all. I cannot tell you to always choose to do something that makes you happy over something you have or should do. Frankly, this is just not the way life works. We have to put up with the hard work and put in the time. Without pain, we'd also lose happiness and joy. It's all about balance.So, instead of looking at everything as a way to handle the stress and something to “treat myself", let's try to make treating ourselves a far more common practice in the busy lives we lead.40. What causes the so-called zztreat yourself culture”?41. What does z/this logic" in Paragraph 3 refer to?42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why. Working hard plays a more important role in a happy life than enjoying life's little pleasures.43. Are you a follower of "treat yourself culture"? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)第二节(20分)44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。目前，市动物园正在为一只幼虎全球征名。请给你的英国笔友Jim 写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1 .介绍活动；.邀请参加。注意：1.词数100左右；.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,Yours,Li Hua答案1 A2. B3. B4. A5. D6. A7. A8. D9. CIO. C【答案】11. deliveredproudly12 . how【答案】14. to land15. was carriedhas worked【答案】17. meetingsl8. on19. which20. leading【答案】21. B22. B23.A【答案】24. B25. A26. D【答案】27. A28. C29. D30. C【答案】31. B32. C33. C34. C【答案】35. G36. B37. F38. A39. D【答案】40. Stress.41. It refers to the idea that if we work hard we will eventually land in a place where we can relax and live a more enjoyable life.42. Working hard plays a more important role in a happy life than enjoying life's little pleasures.According to the passage, working hard is as important as enjoying life's little pleasures to a happy life. They're equally important.43. 言之有理艮/nJ。Yes, I am. Because I think it can help me relax after working for a long time. But after reading this article, I must make a change, I will make treating myself a far more common practice in my life.【44题答案】【答案】Dear Jim,How are you doing recently? Izm writing to tell you some information. At present, the city zoo is seeking a name for a young tiger globally.The young tiger was born in the city zoo last month. The city zoo hopes to seek a name for it, which can not only meet the characteristics of tigers, but also represent Chinese culture. People from all over the world can participate in this activity.Since I know you are interested in animals, I sincerely invite you to join it. I wonder if you have any specialthoughts about this activity. Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)3. A. explainB. understandC.expectD. recall4. A. metB. builtC. meantD. kept5. A. arrangeB. sellC. fixD. donate6. A. leftB. foundC. improvedD. thanked7. A. looked upB. reached outC. held onD. gave in8. A. quietB. coldC. smallD. empty9. A. promisingB. puzzlingC. amazingD. pressing10. A. purposeB. freedomC. hopeD. guidanceA阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A few weeks ago, I accidentally dropped a plate and it broke into a billion pieces! Izd had it for about 40 years. This morning, we had a parcel 11 (deliver) to my son. He opened it and 12 (proud) handed a new plate to me, which he had bought with his own savings, saying that he knew 13 upset I was and wanted to surprise me!B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。On 15 May, 2021, China became the second country 14 (land) a spacecraft on Mars. The rover, Zhurong, 15 (carry) to Mars on board the Tianwen 1 spacecraft, which was launched in July 2020. Equipped with cameras and a radar, Zhurong's task was to search for signs of life. It 16 (work) on Mars surface for over ten months and is in good shape.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。COP26, known as Conferences of the Parties”, was the latest in a series of 17(meeting) bringingtogether governments to protect the environment. Its main goal was to take measures18 climatechangelongterm changes in world weather patterns that are linked to human activities including farming, industry and transport. Gases such as carbon dioxide, 19 are produced by these activities, trap heat in Earth's atmosphere and cause temperatures to rise, 20 (lead) to extreme floods, heatwaves and storms.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。AThe Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to new cultural experiences. It*s not just about the raceit*s about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running minded spirits.Itinerary17 May 2023Welcome to Jizhou, Tianjin18 May 2023Route Inspection Day19 May 2023Relaxation in Jizhou with tour option20 May 2023Race Day21 May 2023Explore Beijing & Evening CelebrationParty22 May 2023Farewell China。门 Route Inspection Day, the Race Officials will provide you with a Race Briefing, which will cover everything from a weather forecast to a brief presentation of the start/finish procedures. All runners are expected to walk the 3.5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course. Race Officials and Medical Staff will be present to answer any questions you may have.Rules & RegulationsFull marathon runners must be at least 18 years old on Race Day. Half-marathon runners must be at least 16 years old. Fun Run participants must be at least 12 years old. Fun Run participants under the age of 12 are also welcome, so long as they are accompanied by a runner aged 16 or above.The cut-off time for all distance events is 8 hours. All runners with a net finishing time slower than 8 hours will receive a FNT （Finished No Time） on the result list.If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow themarathon route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time. The race result will read FNT. The same applies to a marathon runner who changes distances during the race. All runners who change distances before Race Day will be registered accordingly and receive an official time.Visa Information6 8 weeks prior to the race you will receive the service voucher which you can use for acquiring a visa. For more details please visit us online at.21. What will participants do on Route Inspection Day?A. Enjoy the Fun Run.B. Join in a 3.5 km walk.C. Get medical insurance.D. Attend a training course.22. According to the rules, full marathon participantsA. will receive a FNT on the result listA. will receive a FNT on the result listB. can change distances on Race Day.D. will be awarded medalsC. should be at least 12 years oldWhat is the purpose of the passage?A. To advertise a sport event.B. To promote a cultural tour.C. To introduce a marathon camp.D. To publicize a place of interest.Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. He'd hiked the park numerous times. But when hiking along a new path, the 45-year-old was lost.As the day faded into darkness, his concern turned to fear. With only a little water in his backpack and 10% battery remaining on his cellphone, Compean was unprepared for anything more than the two-hour trip he'd planned.Compean climbed to a spot where he found one bar of signal. /ZSOS. My phone is going to die. I'm lost/ he texted a friend, attaching a photo showing where he was. The shot showed his legs hanging over a rock face. All Compean could do then was wait. The temperature was dropping fast. Dressed only in shorts, and a sweatshirt, the hiker was chilled to the bone. He hugged himself into a tight ball. And after spotting two mountain lions, he spent the night on high alert.Sixty miles away, Ben Kuo was working at home when he read a posting from the police, showing an image of a man's legs. The search-and-rescue teams had spent the previous night unsuccessfully looking for Compean, so they released the photo, hoping someone might recognize the location."I've always loved looking for where photos are taken/ Kuo says. He frequently tries to identify where movie scenes or commercials were filmed. He's often successful. When he saw the image, he automatically pulled up a satellite map on his laptop. "There's an amazing amount of information you can get from satellites/ he says. The first thing he noticed in Compean/s photo was plenty of greenery. After comparing it to the satellite map, Kuo realized something: /zHezs got to be on the south side because there're not any green valleys on the north side.”That finding led him to an area that looked like the territory in the image. The final step was crossreferencing the original photo with 3-D images of the area. The locations matched!After spending 27 hours in the wilderness, Compean was found.Compean's story probably would have ended differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail.23. What caused Compean to get lost on the hike?A. The thick forest.B. The unfamiliar route.C. The coming of nightfall.D. Low battery on the phone.24. Kuo was able to offer help because of.A. his photo reading abilityB. his sense of responsibilityC. his professional experienceD. his familiarity with the area25. What can we learn from this story?A. One good turn deserves another.B. Chance favors the prepared mind.C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.D. There's no such thing as useless knowledge.CLast year scientists reported using a neural implant （神经植入物）in a man's brain to restore his ability to communicate. The man has been partially paralyzed and unable to produce comprehensible speech since suffering a severe stroke. It is the latest advance in the exploding field of brain-computer interfaces （接 口），or BCIs, which allow computers to read information out of a living brain.Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts. The first is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions. And crucially, the basic set of brain maps and their locations within the brain are very similar across individuals.Thanks to their specialized functions and universal locations, brain maps are ideal entry points for BCI technologies. Picking up signals from a brain map is only the first step in making a useful BCI. Although the location of a brain map is the same across individuals, the detailswhat patterns of activity within the map mean-differ from person to person. In a sense, the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of encryption （力口密），safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-be spies.That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible. Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode （解R马）brain signals by feeding them tons of examples. Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times, creating a neural curriculum for the program to learn from.While the universal features and locations of brain maps make them obvious entrances for BCIs, the unique features of your brain maps tend to protect them from spying eyes. In cases where BCIs have successfully read specific thoughts or intentions from a brain, it has been with the permission of the individual whose brain was being read. But there are surreptitious ways to train decoders on your brain without your knowledge. This can happen if your neural data falls into the hands of companies with detailed information about your activities.Like all technologies, brain-computer interfaces are not necessarily good or bad. Yet while harvesting the benefits of BCIs, we need to ensure that we have the means to protect ourselves from corporations with every motive to take advantage of this technology for their financial gain.26. What can we learn about brain maps?A. They carry unique messages.B. They can process encrypted signals.C. Their functions vary from person to person.D. Their locations reveal human thinking patterns.27. What can we infer from the passage?A. BCIs can boost brain signals dramatically.B. BCIs could help recover from brain injuries.C. Machine learning enables BCIs to read mind.D. The dec