北京市第十二中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末英语试题（原卷版）.docx

北京十二中20222023学年高一年级第一学期期末考英语篇题考生须知L本试卷共10页，分为三部分。总分100分。考试时间90分钟。2 .将选择题答案填涂在答题卡上，第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答在答题卡上，在试 卷上作答无效。3 .考试结束时，收答题卡。第一部分知识运用（共两节，25分）第一节（共10小题;每小题L 5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.A Good-hick DumplingWhen I was in my middle age, something terrible happened to me. As I was away from for almost a year, my wife and children were extremely worried. And my mother, already in her eighties, was on the edge of a nervous breakdown.On the eve of the Spring Festival, I was finally allowed to return home. Mother looked at me, her eyes filled with 2. But soon she said, "Let's start making dumplings fbr the Festival." And then an idea 3 her,“Let's put in a coin and make a good-luck dumpling. Whoever cats it will be blessed （有福的）While making the good-luck dumpling, my mother secretly made a（n） 4 on it. She pretended nothing had happened, but the trick didn't escape my 5.After Mother boiled the dumplings all by herself she put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in abowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me. Feeling loved, I stared at her in 6 eyes.I had thought it would give her a lovely surprise if she ate the good-luck dumpling. Taking the opportunity when she went to the kitchen, I put the dumpling into her bowl. Obviously, when Mother returned, she didn't7 it and went on eating with her eyes on me all the time. "Ouch!” suddenly she cried out. The coin had hurt her teeth.“Oh, Granny is blessed”, my wife 8.“I. how come?” Mother was 9. Just at that moment, the coin fell out of her mouth.So I joined my wife and children, Granny is blessed! Mother is blessed!”第二节(共10小题:每小题1分;共10分)Mother burst intolaughter, and then tears,as my wife and I10_ with her all her sadness and joy.1. A. marketB. officeC. factoryD. home2. A. disbeliefB. curiosityC. horrorD. calm3. A. interestedB. impressedC. struckD.changed4. A. markB. decisionC. tryD. note5. A. handsB. mindC. lipsD.eyes6. A. anxiousB. sorrowfulC. gratefulD. sincere7. A. takeB. noticeC. acceptD. permit8. A. arguedB. cheeredC. warnedD. suggested9. A. touchedB. inspiredC. confusedD. attracted10. A. sharedB. discussedC. rememberedD. foundSection A 阅读下列短文，根据短文或句子内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写I个恰当的单词，在给出提示词 的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空.Festivals 11 (be) an important part of society. They reflect people's wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life. They are occasions 12 allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. They help us understand where we came from, who we are, and 13 to appreciate. And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find (hat different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.Section B 阅读下列短文，根据短文或句子内容填空.在未给提示词 空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词 的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空.I'm part of an android football team. About once a year wc 14 (allow) to get together to play a game of football. Tm as big as a human. In fact, I look like one too. On the football team Tm in charge of shooting 15 I must run very fast. My computer chips help me to move and think like a human. For example, I have learned to send signals 16 my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.Section C 阅读下列短文，根据短文或句子内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词 的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空.The colour was rushing to his checks, and his eyes were wide open, 17 (shine) with joy, and in the centre of each eye, right in the very centre, in the black pupil, a little spark of wild excitement 18 (dance) slowly. Then the old man took a deep breath, and suddenly, with no warning whatsoever, an explosion seemed to take place inside him. He threw up his arms and yelled <Yippeeeeeeee!, And at the same time, his long 19 (bone) body rose up out of the bed and his bowl of soup went flying into the face of Grandma Josephine, and in one fantastic leap, this old fellow of ninety-six and a half, who 20 (be) in bed these last twenty years, jumped on to the floor and started doing a dance of victory in his pajamas.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，40分)第一节(共15小题海小题2分，共30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑.AThis Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat!.Traditional Air Conditioners (AC) are outdated. They cost a lot to install and even more to run. They are huge, noisy, and dangerous to clean. You can't move them around the house with you or take them outside! Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative to cool themselves in the heat and clean their personal air. With over million units sold worldwide, this device is becoming one of the most successful gadgets of 2019. EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box fbr summer!What Are We Talking About?Meet the new AirFreez an innovative alternative to AC that cools you just the same! It's a perfect solutionfor those very hot days and nights! The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who were fed up suffering the hot summers. They realized that AC units are super inefficient and cost a lot of money to use. The engineers also discovered that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with.50, they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! It's tiny, easy to use and it can cool you in seconds!What Is So Special About This Little Box?The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price.Il is no larger than a lunchbox. Besides, it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack and you probably have the world's most portable AC unit.And There Is One More Thing. The price is just amazing. Most AC units cost at least $300 AND you have to pay for installation PLUS cover the expensive electricity bills each month.AirFreez costs less than SI 00 (Actually $53 for each if you buy more than one here). No messy installalion, no expensive electricity bills. For a Cooling unit of this quality, this must be the single best price-quality AC unit there is!How Can You Get An AirFreez?Now that you are aware of (his amazing new invention, here is how to get one-order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE.21. Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez?A. Smart but heavy.B. Costly but multi-functional.C. Foldable and lasting.D. Handy and energy-saving.22. What can we learn about AirFreez?A. It costs less than $53.B. It requires no complex installation.C. It doesn't consume electricity.D. It is a little larger than a lunch box.23. What is the purpose of this passage?A. To advertise AirfreezTo explain （he functions of AirFreez.B. To introduce the inventors of AirFreez.C. To compare AirFreez with traditional AC.BI got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusettes Institute of Technology （MIT）. It was in the laboratory of Prof. Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software.One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement. The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to “send man to the moon”. Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before, 1 became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired.At the beginning, nobody thought software was such a big deal. But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it. Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission.My daughter, Lauren, liked to intimate meplaying astronaut. One day, she was with me when I was doing a simulation （模拟）of a mission to the moon. She started hitting keys and all of a sudden, she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon. I thought: my Godthis could happen by accident in a real mission. I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight. But the higher-ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake.On the very next mission , Apollo 8, one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done. The Lauren bug! It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged. After that, they let me put the program change in. It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.During the early days of Apollo, software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines （学 科）.It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”. Then one day in a meeting, one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. Il was a memorable moment.24. What do we know about the author?A. She taught Lauren to write software.B. She got her master's degree from MIT.C. She is the first woman ever hired by MIT.D. She created the term "software engineering”.25. “The Lauren bug" in Para.5 refers to.A. a pet to accompany LaurenB. a mission to land on the moonC. a mistake causing data lossD. a software ending prelaunch26. What greatly contributed to Apollo 1 l's success according to the passage?A. The in-(ime upload of data.B.The program change.C. Astronauts' rich experience.D.Experts' new attitude.27. What can we learn from Margaret's story?A. Honesty is the best policy.B.A good beginning is half done.C. Two heads are better than one.D.Chances favor the preparedmind.CIf there is one place you don't want to stick your finger, it's the mouth of a Pacific lingcod. These fearsome fish have around 500 needlelike teeth sticking out of jaws (颌)that are strong enough to crush crustaceans (甲壳 动物).How lingcod maintain the sharpness of their terrifying teeth has long been a puzzle. But a study, published in November in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B、claims that Pacific lingcod keep their teeth sharp and shiny by replacing about three percent of them every day. For a lingcod, that's up to 20 teeth replaced daily.In order to determine (he frequency at which lingcod replace their teeth, Ms. Cohen, a coauthor of the new study, and her colleagues kept 20 lingcod at the University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories and tracked how many teeth they lost and regrew over several days. The fish were placed in a tank of seawater mixed with a red dye (染料)that colored their teeth, then returned to (heir regular tank for 10 days. When the 10 days were up, (he fish were placed in a tank containing a green dye and then examined. The teeth that were present since the start of the experiment were both red and green, whereas the new teeth were only green.After collecting and examining a total of 10,000 teeth, the scientists were able to determine how quickly lingcod lost and regrew their teeth and which teeth were replaced most often.Lingcod, like most fish, have two sets of jaws: oral jaws and pharyngeal jaws. Their oral jaws are used to catch food while their pharyngeal jaws, which arc positioned in their throats, arc used to chew their food and move it from their mouths to the stomach. Ms. Carr, the lead author, and colleagues found that teeth are replaced more frequently in the back of the mouth, where most of the chewing and crushing take place.The way lingcod replace their teeth is likely crucial to their hunting strategy, says Kory Evans, a fish ecologist at Rice University in Houston. "The duller a lingcod's teeth are, the harder it is going to be for it to hold on to its target. So having the ability to shed teeth and replace them is pretty important." Dr. Evans said, uIn order to make it as a lingcod, you need sharp pointy teeth and all your(ee(h need lo be on point. 28. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A. What role seawater played.B. What conclusion was reached.C. How the study was conducted.D. How teeth changed their colors.29. According to the passage, lingcod's teeth are replaced.A. every 10 daysB. to better hunt for foodC. faster in the oral jawD. with bigger and sharper ones30 What docs the underlined word “shed” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Repair.B. Sharpen.C. Lose.D. Examine.31. What is the purpose of writing this passage?A. To warn people of the danger of a fish.B. To introduce the findings of a new study.C. To stress the importance of replacing teeth.D. To suggest new ways to conduct studies on fish.DAs college sports continue to be hugely popular and the National Collegiate Athletic Association （NCAA） brings in large amounts of money, people have restarted the debate on whether college athletes should get paid.Supporters of （he idea believe that, because college athletes are bringing in audiences, they should receive sonic sort of compensation （补偿）.In fact, the NCAA brings in about $1 billion income a year, but college athletes don't receive any of that money in the fbnn of a paycheck. Additionally, people who believe college athletes should be paid state that paying college athletes will actually encourage them to remain in college longer and not turn professionals as quickly, cither by giving them a way to begin earning money in college or requiring them to sign a contract （合同）saying they'll stay at the university fbr a certain number of years while making an agreed- upon salary.People who argue against the idea of paying college athletes believe the practice could be disastrous for college sports. Paying athletes would turn college sports into a bidding （竞拍）war, where only the richest schools could afford top athletes» and most schools would be shut out from developing a talented team. It could also harm the camaraderie within many college teams if players become unhappy that certain teammates are making more money than they are.Those against paying college athletes also believe that the athletes arc receiving enough benefits already. The top athletes receive scholarships that are worth tens of thousands per year. They receive free food and textbooks, get travel bonuses and free equipment, and can use their time in college as a way to attract the attention of professional coaches. No other college students receive anywhere near as much from their schools.While both sides have good points, it's clear that the negatives of paying college athletes far outweigh the positives. College athletes have been compensated enough. Adding a salary would result in a college athletic system where only a few athletes are paid by some schools who enter bidding wars to sign them up, while most student athletics and college athletic programs suffer or even shut down for lack of money. Continuing to offer the