江苏译林版高一必修第一册Unit2词汇讲解.docx

Unit2词汇讲解roof n.屋顶，顶部the roof of.的顶部The roof of the car was not damaged in the accident.事故中，车顶没有遭到损坏。I am just thankful that we have a roof over our heads.我们有地方住我就很感激了。1. see eye to eye with sb. on sth.(在某事上)与某人看法一致He doesn't see eye to eye with his brother about this matter.在这个问题上他和他哥哥看法不一致keep an eye on. 照看，留意 keep an eye out for 密切注意3.argue： v.争吵，争论，争辩，说理，论证 argue with ab about sth 与某人争论某事We're always arguing with each other about money. 我们总是为钱吵嘴。He argued that they needed more time to finish the project.他提出理由说明他们需要更多时间完成该工程。 argument n.争吵，争论，论点We had an argument with the waiter about the bill,我们和服务员就账单发生了 争吵。There are strong arguments for and against euthanasia.对安乐死支持和反对者都有强有力的论据。2. teenager： n. (13至19岁之间的)青少年,青少年男女She was a child prodigy, giving concerts before she was a teenager.她是个神童，十来岁不到就举办音乐会。 teenage adj.十几岁的(指13至19岁);青少年的She has a teenage daughter from a previous marriage 她前一段婚姻有一个十几岁的女儿。3. tension： n.紧张局势(或关系、状况)，(情绪上的)紧张，烦躁，拉伸There is mounting tension along the border. 边境局势日趋紧张。We laughed and that helped ease the tension.我们笑了，因而使紧张的情绪缓和下来。tense adj.神经紧张的，担忧的，不能松弛的The atmosphere in the meeting was getting more and more tense. 会议的气氛越来越紧张。4. anxious 丝忧虑的，担忧的；令人焦虑的；渴望的He was a bit anxious about the safety of the machinery.他有点担忧机器的安全性。She was anxious that it might be cancer.她担忧可能是癌症。造句： 我们为你担忧。 We were anxious for you.归纳拓展：(1) . be anxious for/about( = be worried/concerned about)为担忧/担忧be anxious for( = be eager for/be keen on) 渴望be anxious (for sb.) to do sth.渴望(某人)做.be anxious that渴望(从句谓语用 should do, should 可以省略)(2) . anxiously adv.焦躁地；急切地(3). anxiety几.担忧；焦虑；渴望比拟级： more anxious 最高级： most anxious单句语法填空.We were anxious for everyone to know (know) the truth.We waited with anxiety (anxious) for the news of her safe arrival.(3) .She is anxious about not passing(pass) the College Entrance Exam.©.More and more people are anxious(anxiety) for the quality of the air.5. rate： n.速度，速率，进度，比率，率 vt/vi.评价，评估at a different rate 以不同的速率 at the rate of 以一速度at any rate(强调事情的真实性)无论如何，不管怎样；(表示说得更加确切)不管怎样，至少；(强调下文)总而言之，反正Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometers an hour.大多数人步行的平均速度为每小时5公里。The number of reported crimes is increasing at an alarming rate.报警案件的数量正在以惊人的速度增长。His pulse rate dropped suddenly.他的脉搏速率突然下降。Well, that's one good piece of news at any rate.不管怎么说,这是个好消息。6. shoot v.(使朝某方向)冲，奔，射击，射杀，摄影 过去式：shot 过去分词：shotshoot up 快速长高，蹿个儿，陡增 shoot at 向射击shoot.in the head/back/leg射中的头部/背部/腿部troops shooting at the enemy向敌人射击的部队A man was shot in the leg. 一个人被射中腿部。A plane shot across the sky.飞机掠过天空。Flames were shooting up through the roof. 火不断从房顶蹿上来。The movie was shot in black and white. 那部电影拍成了黑白片。7. spot: n.粉刺，斑点，污渍，地点，场所v.注意到，发现，使有污渍过去式：spotted 过去分词：spottedon the spot当场，在现场 _spot sb doing sth 发现某人在做某事be spotted with 满是斑点污渍He was wearing a black skirt with white spots,她穿着一条黑底白点的裙子。His jacket was covered with spots of mud.他的上衣满是泥点。He answered the question on the spot.他当场就回答了那个问题。Pve just spotted a mistake on the front cover.我刚才在封面上发现了 一处错误。His shirt was spotted with oil.他的衬衣上满是油点。8. target .(攻击)目标，对象；靶子 地把作为攻击目标；面向There is no target date for completion of the new project.这个新的工程何时完工没有预定日期。 Higher degrees in English are a target for foreign students.获得英语高等学位是外国学生的旦标。 造句：该地区成了开展超市的首选之地。The area has become a prime target for supermarket development.(1) . set a target 设定目标 aim at the target 瞄准目标 hit/miss the target 中/脱靶(2) . target sth.on/at JE对准 be targeted on/at 以为目标；把对准；旨在单句语法填空 .Set yourself targets (target) that you can reasonably hope to achieve. .This TV show is mainly targeted(target) on the young. .To hit the target, you have to aim at it.(4) .We were still right on target for our deadline.9. anger: n.怒气，怒火 v.使发怒，激怒in anger生气地angrily adv.愤怒地；生气地He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated. 他因遭受如此待遇而怒火满腔。He cried with anger and frustration.他愤怒而又沮丧得哭了起来。angry adj.生气的，愤怒的 比拟级：angrier最高级：angriestbe angry with/at sb be angry at/about sthPlease don't be angry with me. It wasn*t my fault.请别冲着我发脾气，不是我的错。He felt angry at the injustice of the situation.他对这种不公的现象感到愤愤不平。10. desire : n./v.愿望，欲望，渴望desirable adj.向往的；可取的；值得拥有的；值得做的have a strong desire for sth/to do sth 有做某事的强烈的愿望desire to do sth渴望去做某事desire sb to do srh渴望某人去做某事a strong desire for power 强烈的权力欲I have no desire (= I do not want) to discuss the matter further.我不想再谈此事。The house had everything you could desir已这房子你要什么有什么。11. struggle n. &近.斗争；拼搏；努力The company is struggling to find buyers for its new product.这个公司正竭力为它的新产品寻找买主。One in five young adults was struggling with everyday mathematics.每5个年轻人中就有一个做日常的数学计算很费力。造句： 她单独一人艰难地养活一家人。She's struggling to bring up a family alone.struggle against/with sb./sth. 同做斗争；与抗争struggle for sth.为而斗争struggle to do sth.努力去做某事；挣扎着做某事struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来单句 语法填空.They had to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties., I could see the young boy struggling(struggle) to free himself.The young man struggled to his feet to fight against the robber.He has been struggling for success in his business.12. rough: adj.艰难的，粗糙的，不确切的，不平滑的，高低不平的，粗暴的，粗略的adv.粗鲁地，粗野地 比拟级：rougher最高级：roughestThe skin on her hands was hard and rough.她手上的皮肤粗糙而没有弹性。I've got a rough idea of where I want to go.我大致知道我想去哪里了。This watch is not designed for rough treatment.这块手表不可重拿重拿放。Do they always play this rough? 他们比赛总是这么粗野吗?13. regular: adj.频繁的，有规律的，定期的，规那么的There is a regular bus service to the airport.有班车定时发往机场。It's important to follow the regular procedure.按照惯常的程序行事是很重要的。regularly adv.有规律地；间隙均匀地；经常；均匀地regularity n.规律性；经常性；匀称；有规那么的东西regulate v.（用规那么条例）约束；控制；管理；调节14. calm以使平静；使镇定；心平静的；镇静的；沉着的 比拟级：calmer最高级:calmestIt is important to keep calm in an emergency.情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。Tuesday was a fine, clear and calm day. 星期二是晴空万里、风和日丽的一天。造句：试着保持冷静，告诉我发生了什么。Try to keep calm and just tell me what happened.calm down平静下来；镇静下来calm sb.down使某人平静下来(2) . stay/remain/keep calm 保持镇静(3).calmly adv.平静地；镇静地；沉着地(4) .calmness n.冷静，镇静；平静，安宁；单句语法填空.We waited inside until things calmed down.He took a few deep breaths to calm(calm) himself down.She gazed calmly(calm)back at the queen.If I feel anxious, I know what to do to calm myself(me) down.15. view: n.看法，见解，视线，景色 v.把视为，以看待，查看in one's view=in one's opinion 在某人看来 one's point of view 从某人的观点出发in/out of view 在视线内/外come into view进入视线view.as. 将视为a book with views of Paris 一本有巴黎风光的书concern n.担忧;关心以使担忧;涉及；关系到This chapter concerns itself with the historical background. 本章旨在讲述历史背景。She hasn't been seen for four days and there is concern for her safety.她已四天不见踪影，大家对她的安全很担忧。造句：在生命最后的日子里,诗人表达了她对父亲的关切。In her last days the poet expressed concern for her father.(1) .show concern for对关切；关心(2).It concerns/concerned sb.that.令某人担忧的是(3) .concerned adj, 担忧的；关注的 as/so far as.be concerned 关于；至于；就而言be concerned about/fbr 关心；担忧；挂念 be concerned with sth.牵涉到；与有关(4) . concerning prep.关于； 就而言单句语法填空.As far as the space technology is concerned(concern), China ranks third in the world.He asked several questions concerning(concern) the future of the company.(5) .More and more people show great concern for road safety.What concerns(concern) me is our lack of preparation for the change.16. back down 成认错误，认输，打退堂鼓Itfs too late to back down now .现在打退堂鼓已经太晚了。He had to back down on plans to backdate the tax changes.他不得不放弃追溯税收调整的计划。His determination and refusal to back down had won the day 他的坚定和拒不退让使他赢得了胜利。17. normal: adj.典型的；正常的；一般的n.常态，通常标准，一般水平as normal 像往常一样It's normal to feel tired after such a long trip.It's normal to feel tired after such a long trip.这样长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正赏的。Under normal circumstances, I would say "yes 一般情况下,我会说“行stress n.精神压力；紧张；强调；北加压力于；着重；强调It was undertaken under the stress of desperation.那是在绝望的迫使下做出的一种反响。In the meeting, they laid stress on the importance of reducing pollution.在大会上，他们强调了减少污染的重要性。造句：失业及妻子的健康问题使他处于巨大的压力中。Unemployment and his wife's health put him under great stress.(1) . lay/place/put stress on 强调；着重于 under the stress of 在压力下；为所迫be under stress处于压力之下 (2). stress the importance of强调的重要性(3). stressful.压力重的；有压力的(4).stressed adj.(人)紧张的单句语法填空.To my excitement, my new job is much less stressful(stress).It must be stressed(stress) that this disease is very rare.(3).He stressed the importance of a good education.When we are under stress our bodies tend to tense up.20. argue忧.争吵，争辩，争论说理，论证argument .争吵,争论，论点Do you often argue with your wife about which TV programme to watch?Woolfs report argued for an improvement in prison conditions.伍尔夫的报告主张改善监狱条件。 造句： 我们总是为钱吵嘴。WeTe always arguing with each other about money.(1) . argue with sb.(about/over sth.)(就某事)与某人争(辩)论 argue for/against sth.据理赞成/反对argue sb.into doing sth.说服某人做某事argue sb.out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事单句语法填空：.We had an argumentfargue) with the waiter about the bill.They are arguing over/about foreign policy.The report argues against/for tax increases. J argued her out of going(go) on such a dangerous journey.21. designs.设计；制订；图案；构思以设计；计划；构思The magazine will appear in a new design from next month.从下月起这本杂志将以新的设计问世。They asked me to design a poster for the campaign.他们请我为这次运动设id张海报。造句： 这种方法是为小组活动设计的。The method is designed for use in small groups.(1) . by design = on purpose 故意地，蓄意地.be designed to do sth.目的是做某事；被设计用于做某事be designed for打算作用；为而设计be designed as打算当作；设计成(3). designer n. 设计者；谋划者单句语法填空.HUNCH is designed to connect(connect) high school classrooms with NASA engineers.(2) . As far as I know, the course is designed for beginners.The programme is designed(design) to help the orphans.The room can be also designed as a meeting room.22. expert n.专家，行家，能手adj.熟练的，内行的，专家的an expert on/in sth某方面的专家 be expert at doing sth熟练于做某事an expert in child psychology JL童心'理学家 an expert on modern literature 现代文学研究专家She's expert at making (make)che叩 but stylish clothes. 她擅长做廉价但雅致的服装。We'll need an expert opinion我们需要听听专家的意见。23. likely “h可能的，预料的，有希望的more likely most likelyWe will most likely see him later.我们很可能晚些时候会见到他。He is likely to leave for New York next week. 他下周很可能去纽约。造句： 他很可能两天后会来这儿。It's likely that he will come here in two days.(1) . likely adj,可能的 sb./sth.be likely to do.可能做It is likely that.可能Not likely! 不会！不可能！(2) . unlikely adj,不可能的(3). unlike prep. 不像；与不同单句语法填空.They are likely to finish(finish) the job on Sunday.It is likely that the girl will win the match.©.Usually she is a latecomer, so it's unlikely(likely) that shell arrive before seven.24. unique adj.独一无二的，独特的，特有的be unique to对所特有Everyone's fingerprints are unique.每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。an atmosphere that is unique to New York 纽约所独具的气氛performance n.表现；表演；执行，履行It was an impressive performance by the French team.那是法国队一次令人叹服的表现。造句:你认为我的表演怎么样？What do you think of my performance?(1) .give/put on a performance演出； 表演(2) .perform W.&方.表演；履行；执行；表现perform a(n)role in在中起作用perform one's duty/promise尽职责/履行诺言 perform an operation/experiment 做手术/实验(3) . performer n.执行者，实行者；履行者；表演者单句语法填空.You are expected to perform(perform) your duties.They gave performances(perform) to collect money for the project.When asked to put on a performance, she refused.,Performed(perform) so frequently, the play was familiar to a lot of people.25. press v.催促，逼迫，按，压，挤，推n.报章杂志，报道the press新闻工作者，新闻界press sth on sb把强加于某人pressure n. 压力 put pressure on sb 给某人压力The story was reported in the press and on television.这件事已在报刊和电视上报道了。He gave the bell another press.他又按了 一下铃。She pressed her face against the window.她把脸贴在窗上。He pressed a coin into her hand and moved on.他把一枚硬币塞进她手里，然后继续向前走。The bank is pressing us for repayment of the loan.车艮行正在催我们归还贷款。26. eager.热切的，渴望的，渴求的Robert, who used to be a successful captain, is eager to talk about his life in the army.罗伯特曾是个成功的上尉，他很想谈谈他的军队生活。She is eager for her parents* approval.她渴望得到父母的赞许。造句：这个年轻女孩很努力，因为她渴望成功。The young girl is working hard, for she is eager for success.(1) . be eager for sth. 渴望得到be eager to do sth.渴望做某事. eagerly adv. 热切地，渴望地(3). eagerness n. 热切；渴望 单句语法填空.The poor girl is eager for knowledge .The fans were waiting for the famous star eagerly (eager).Each week I was eager to count (count) my growing savings increased by extra work here and there. .I couldn't hide my eagerness(eager) to get back home.27. account 以认为是；视为；说明；总计有 机 账户；描述；解释；说明；报道 Women account for the majority of our customers. 我们的顾客中女性占多数。He has a bad name on account of his dishonesty. 他因不老实而声名狼藉。造句： 我希望你能考虑一下我的建议。 I hope you will take my suggestion into account.(1) . account for说明(原因等)；做出解释；占(比例)(2) . open/close a bank account 开/销银行账户 on account of = because of 由于；因为on no account 不管什么理由都不 give an account for描述 take.into account=take.into consideration 考虑； 把考虑在内(3) . accountant n.会计单句语法填空©.Hell have to account for where every cent goes. (2).On no account will I lose heart.Before making a decision, we should take the needs of customers into account.28. secure adj.安心的，可靠的，牢固的，安全的(1) . securely adv.安心地，牢固地 She locked the door securely behind her.她随手把门锁好。(2) . security n.保护措施，安全工作，保安部门，担保(3) . insecure adj.不安全的，不可靠的，无把握的(4). be secure from 免受的威胁At last they were able to feel secure about the future. 他们终于觉得不必为将来而担忧 了。It's not a very secure way to make a living.以此谋生终非长久之计。29. graduate v.毕业n.毕业生graduation n.毕业，毕业典礼(1) . graduate from从毕业(2). graduate in 毕业于 学科(3) . a graduate in history 历史学学士He graduated from York with a degree in Psychology. 他毕业于约克大学，获心理学学士学位。She recently graduated from being a dancer to having a small role in a movie.她最近从一个舞蹈演员逐步过渡到在电影里扮演小角色。30. volunteervt.&vi.&n. 自愿做，义务做；志愿者When she retired, she did a lot of voluntary work for the Red Cross.她退休后为红十字会做大量志愿工作。She volunteered some information.她主动提供 了 一些信息。造句： 两个人自告奋勇去寻找那位失踪的登山运发动。Two men volunteered to search for the missing climber.(1) . volunteer n. 志愿者； vt.& vL自愿做，义务做volunteer sth.自愿提供,自愿给予volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事volunteer for自愿参力口 volunteer as/to be 自愿成为(2) . voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的，主动的(3). voluntarily .自愿地；主动地 单句语法填空.Aunt Mary volunteered to clean(clean) up the kitchen.He was not asked to leave一he went voluntarily(voluntary).(3) . She now helps in a local school as a volunteer three days a week.31. figure n.数字，数据，人物，体型，身材 v.计算，认为，以为a four-figure number 一个四位数 a political figure 一个政治人物 figure out 计算，弄清楚By 2004, this figure had risen to 14 million.到 2004 年为止，这个数字已增长到 1 400 万。His salary is now in six figures.他的薪水现在是六位数。She*s always had a good figure.她一向体态秀美。The central figure in the painting is the artist's daughter.画中间那个人是画家的女儿。My feelings about the matter didn't seem to figure at all.我对这个问题的意见似乎根本无足轻重。I figured (that) if I took the night train, I could be in Scotland by morning.我认为,如果我坐夜班火车，早上就可以到苏格兰。I cant figure out how to do this.我弄不懂怎样做这件事operation n.手术，运转，