高考英语语法专题复习——定语从句关系词只用that不用which情况知识点总结.docx

高考英语语法专题复习定语从句关系词只用that不用which情况知识点总结整理导 入在学习定语从句的时候，你们老师肯定有讲过that和which这两个关系词只能选择一个的诸多情况。只用which的情况比拟好记、也好理解，可是只用that不用which就有好 多种情况，很难记住所有情况。今天我们学习关系词that和which在定语从句中二择一的技巧。希望你能 有所收获。知识点只用that不用which的情况，请看百度“定语从句”里的相关内 容。有六种情况只可用that:(1 ) 不 定代词 anything, nothing,everything, all, much, few, any, little 为先行词时;(2)先行词为 the only, the very, the just 时；(3)先行词被序数词、数词、形容词或最高级修饰时;（4）先行词既有人又有物时;（5）当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复用that；（6）关系代词在从句中作表语时；是不是感觉好多条规那么，很难记，看得脑袋疼。也许有善于总结的老师 给你总结了一些六字口诀了什么的，但还是得死记硬背。那么像上面只用that的这六种情况，有没有不用死记硬背的方法呢？有。接下来我来提供下只用that不用which这几种情况的思考。前面我给大家讲过了为什么关系同ihal既可.以指人也可以指物？其中我有提到that可以作指示代词，在作指示代词的时候that既可指人也可指物，这是that这个词的本性。另外，既然that可以作代词，那么TA还有防止重复的功能。分析： 针对前三种情况，不管先行词是不定代词、被the 0nly还是被序数词数词 等修饰，因为先行词有既可指人亦可指物的可能性，所以只用that不用 whicho比方：the only后面先行词既可以是指人的girl, man等，也可以是 指物的thing, shop等。第四种情况，木身先行词就是既指人又指物时，所以只用that不用 whicho第五种情况，防止和who或which重复肯定就只能用that不能用which 了。第六种情况，和前三种情况一样，先行词有既可指人亦可指物的可能性， 所以只用that不用whichoHe is not the man that he used to be.China is no longer the country that she was.总结：从上面的分析可以看出，只用that不用which的根本原因是that这 个词的“本性”：TA既可指人也可指物，还有防止重复的功能。所以，只用that不用which的n种情况不需要死记硬背，理解掌握了 that这个词你就可以快准狠地做出选择。练习：1. The place interested me most was the Children, s Palace.A. WhichB. whereC. whatD. in which2. Do you know the man ?A. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC. I spoke toD. that I spoke3. This is the hotel last month.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they stayed4. Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. whichB. thatC. whenD. on which5. That is the day I'll never forget.A. whichB. on whichC. in whichD. when6. The factory we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. whereB. to whichC. whichD. in which7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there8. This is one of the best films .A. thathave been shownthisyearB. thathave shownC. thathas been shownthisyearD. thatyou talked9. Can you lend me the book the other day?A. about which you talkedB. which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked10. The pen he is writing is mine.A. with whichB. in whichC. on whichD. by which解析：1 .A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2 .C.”和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 此题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to. o whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可 以省略。3 . D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4 .C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5 . A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答 案都不能作宾语。6 .C.解析同第5题。7 . A.解析见第3题。8 .A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数 概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown,如果句中的 one前面使用了定冠词the,那么the one应该视为先行词。9 . A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后 要用which作宾语，不能用thato10 . A. with which是介词+关系代词结构，常用来引导定语从 句.with有"用”的意思，介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语，即he is writing with a pen.