外教社新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列（修订版）：综合教程（第3版） 第1册 Unit 1 Lecture Notes.docx

Unit 1 The Fun They HadSection One Pre-reading ActivitiesI. Lead-inActivity 1. Lead-inWatch the movie clip and answer the following questions.1. What film genre do you think the movie clip belongs to? What makes you think so?Answer for reference (Hereafter, condensed as "A")： The video clip is taken from the movie I Robot (00:03:12-00:05:05), adapted from Isaac Asimov's (the author's) Robot Series. It belongs to the science fiction genre. Science fiction deals with imaginary but more or less plausible content such as future settings, futuristic science and technology, space travel, aliens, and paranormal abilities. As is indicated in the movie, this story is set in Chicago in 2035, and robots are seen everywhere, performing various duties, for man or instead of man.2. Talk in pairs about the duties THEY are performing in the movie. While talking about the duties they are performing, try to use such phrases as: do many things, deliver packages, walk dogs, collect garbage into a truck, escort their "masters”, carry bags or personal belongings for them, etc.3. Are you fascinated with the idea of having THEM as an everyday household item?A: Yes, of course. I get thrilled at the idea of having robots as an everyday household item, since they can serve us wonderfully well with their super power.Activity 2.Nowadays, robots are replacing humans in many fields. Recently, a kind of intelligent robot named "Xiao Shuain has been all the rage, which is a robot with intelligent behavior by providing it with a processing architecture that will allow it to learn and reason about how to behave in response to complex goals. It is said to be a good help for students to master songs, solve mathematics questions, learn English etc. The intelligent robot might take the place of the real human teachers. There are concerns about the increasing use of robots and their role in society. The following questions will help you think more about the issue.1. What are the differences between "mechanical teacher" and "human teacher"? Which one do you prefer?2. Whafs your opinion about the current teaching model? Are you enjoying having human teachers and studying together?3. Obviously our great-great-grandfathers were taught differently from the way we are taught. What do you think about the home-school with a private tutor in ancient times? (教学建议： 学 习者可自由选择问题，可小组讨论，也可进行辩论。)IL Cultural information1. QuoteWilliam Shakespeare: Books are the nutrient of the whole world. A life without books is like a6. mechanical: adj.1) of or moved, worked, or produced by machinerye.g. The new car had to be withdrawn from the market because of a mechanical defect.那种新汽车因有机械缺陷只好撤出市场。2) without thinking about what you are doing, especially because you do something often e.g. He was asked the same question so many times that the answer became mechanical.同样的问题人们问得太多了，所以他的答案也是千篇一律。I was taught to read in a mechanical way.Derivation:machine n.7.send for: ask sb. to request sb. else to comee.g. The child is running a high fever. We must send for a doctor at once.孩子在发高烧，我们必须马上派人去请医生。There is something wrong with the TV. You have to send for someone to repair it.电视机坏了，你必须请人来修理。Synonym:callslot: n. a long narrow hole, especially one for putting coins into or for fitting a separate piece intoe.g. Pick up the receiver and deposit a coin in the slot.拿起听筒之后，放一个硬币在这个小口子里。I put my money in the slot and pressed the button but nothing came out.8. in no time: very quickly or very soone.g. It's all ready and I'll get you something to eat in no time 都准备好了，我马上给你们弄点吃的。Well have that leak fixed in no time.Synonyms:quickly, soonsuperior:1) adj. better than average or better than other people or things of the same type; higher in rank or social position than otherse.g. Fil report you to your superior officer!我要把你的情况报告给你的上司！This is clearly the work of a superior artist.这显然是出自一位优秀的艺术家之手的作品。2) n. a person or group of people who are higher in rank or social position than otherse.g. He always does what his superior tells him.他总是听从上级的命令。I will pass your complaint on to my superior.Derivation:Superiority n.Antonym:inferiorCollocation:be superior to: be better than or be of higher position thane.g. For all babies, breastfeeding is far superior to bottle-feeding.对于所有的婴儿来说，母乳喂养远胜于牛奶喂养.9. regular: adj.1) happening or doing something oftene.g. I am a regular reader of this newspaper.我是这份报纸的长期读者。Top footballers make regular appearances on TV.2)usual or ordinarye.g. He has very regular features.他五官端正。Her regular secretary was off sick for a week.I couldn't see my regular dentist.Derivation:regularity n.Synonyms:even; often; ordinary12.disputel)vz. /vt. To argue about sth. esp. angrily and for a long timee.g. They are disputing about the rights and wrongs of the case.他们正在激烈争论这个事件的是非曲直。The question was hotly disputed among these scholars.Collocations:dispute aboutdispute overSynonyms:argue, debaten. an argument or disagreement, especially an official one between, for example, workers and employers or two countries with a common bordere.g. It s a matter of dispute whether they did the right thing.他们做得对还是不对，这是有争议的。The two countries are involved in a border dispute.They have been unable to settle/resolve the dispute over working conditions.Collocations:beyond (all) dispute: certainlye.g. He is beyond all dispute the finest actor in Hollywood today.in dispute: being doubtede.g. I don't think her ability is in dispute. What I question is her attitude.open to dispute: not certaine.g. He says it's the best musical equipment you can buy, but I think that's open to dispute.Synonyms:argument, difference13.adjust:1) vt./ vi. to change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable e.g. This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need.这种书桌的高低可以按照你的需要调节。Over the years, we all learned to adjust, to become more comfortable with each other, and to adapt to our new family arrangement.年复一年，我们都学会了调整自己，学会了彼此宽容，学会了适应我们新的家庭规那么。2)vr./vz.to arrange your clothing to make yourself look tidye.g. She adjusted her skirt, took a deep breath and walked into the room.2) vt.to become more familiar with a new situatione.g. He can't adjust himself to the busy life in this big city.他无法适应这个大都市忙碌的生活。I can't adjust myself to living on my own.Her eyes are slowly adjusted to the dark.Synonym:adaptDerivation:adjustablenonchalantly: adv. behaving calmly and not seeming interested in anything or worried about anythinge.g. He was leaning nonchalantly against the wall.他漫不经心地斜倚着墙Derivation:nonchalant adj.Synonymy: indifferently having no interest in sb/sth.“nonchalantly“ differs from "indifferently" in that the former implies "calm” and “relaxed”, which reflects Tommy's mental state: he behaves calmly and does not seem interested in the book (in contrary to Margie9s surprise and curiosity). Thus, the word "nonchalantly“ echoes well with “superior” in para. 14 and “whistling“ in para. 30.14. tuck: vt. put something into a safe or convenient place e.g. Tuck your gloves in your pocket so that you won!t lose them. 把你的手套放进口袋里以免弄丢了。She had a doll tucked under her arm.她腋下夹着一只布娃娃。Eventually I found the certificate tucked under a pile of old letters.Collocation:tuck sb. in: to make someone comfortable in their bed, especially a child, by arranging the covers round theme.g. He was asleep before I tucked him in.我还没来得及给他盖好被子，他就睡着了。Activity: Story RetellingDirection: Retell the story from Paragraphs 1-30 by using the following words.head, crinkly, be supposed to, plenty, scornful, mechanical, send for, in no time, superior, regular, dispute, adjust, tuckSentences:1. They turned the pages, which were yellow and crinkly, and it was awfully funny to read words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to -on a screen, you know. (Paragraph 3)Explanation'. To modify verbs, we usually use adverbs. But with certain verbs, adjectives can be used. This aims to describe the subject of the sentence, not the action. Verbs of this kind are be, seem, appear, look, go, sound, taste, feel, smell, stand, etc.Paraphrase: The kids opened the yellow and crinkly book, and found it very interesting that all the words are motionless, quite contrary to what they were expected to - on a screen, you know. Translation:孩子们翻动泛黄卷角的书页，惊讶地发现那些字都是静止不动的，这和他们在 屏幕上看到的文字大不相同，这真有意思。(译文有改动).it was awfully funny to read words that stood still. (Para. 3)(补充,修辞是理解文本内 涵的一种有效途径)stand still为押头韵的修辞手法，读起来有韵律感。更多例子：Pride and PrejudiceSense and Sensibility.Practice makes perfect.2. He smiled at Margie and gave her an apple, then took the teacher apart. (Paragraph 12) Paraphrase: He smiled at Margie and gave her an apple, then dissemble the teacher apart. Translation-.他朝玛吉笑了笑，递了个苹果给她，然后把“教师”给拆了。3. She had been hoping they would take the teacher away altogether. (Para.13)Explanation:had been hoping: past perfect continuous tense (过去完成进行时)It means that Margie never stops hoping the teacher would be taken away from her. It also explains how much Margie hates school as it is mentioned in paragraph 11.would: used for talking about the result of an event you imaginee.g. She would look better with short hair.they: people in general (泛指)人们,人人，众人Paraphrase:She had been hoping they would move or carry the mechanical teacher to another place once and for all. Here the teacher was a computer, which was large and black and ugly, with a big screen on which all the lessons are shown and questions asked.Translation:她老早以前一直就盼着有人能把这个机器人老师整个儿弄走。4. Sure they had a teacher, but it wasn't a regular teacher. It was a man. (Para. 16) Explanation:it wasn'tIt was.These sentence patterns emphasize the difference in teacher between the past days and nowadays by the comparison between "wasn't" and "was”. It also highlights today's school is so different from the one in the past, which makes Margie so surprised as she heard about it. Translation:当然，过去的人也有老师，但那不是平时给我们上课的老师(机器人老师)，而是一个 人。5. They had a special building and all the kids went there. (Para.22)Explanation:building: a structure such as a house that has a roof and walls. A neutral word here shows Tommy's indifference to the school in the past, because he, too, never experiences a single day in it.The way Tommy explains what is a school emphasizes again that Margie, an eleven years old girl, knows nothing about the school in the past. Yet eleven is the age that a child is capable of understanding a lot of things. This explains her “school“ is a different notion from the one a long time ago. They are different at least in two ways: how a school is managed, and what role a teacher plays in education.6. He walked away whistling, the dusty old book tucked beneath his arm. (Para. 30) Explanation:the dusty old book tucked beneath his arm: Nominative absolute construction (独立主格 结构)expressing accompanying actionMore examples:The girls lay on her back, her hands crossed under her head.He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.Paraphrase: He walked away while whistling, with the dusty old book held under his arm. 他腋下夹着那本沾满灰尘的旧书，吹着口哨踱步而去。Paragraphs 31-35Questions:1. What do you know about the schoolroom and the mechanical teacher? (Para. 31)The schoolroom was right next to Margie's bedroom, and the mechanical teacher appeared at the same time on weekdays. It asked Margie to insert her homework and test papers in the slot.2. Why did Margie sigh? (Para. 33)It could have been a sigh of being bored by the mechanical teacher and homework, or it might also have been a sigh of admiration of the school in the old days.Notice that at first Margie was skeptical about the school in the old days. By the end of the story she daydreamed about what it must have been like and began to admire the students and teachers in the past.3. What was Margie thinking about? (Para. 33)She was thinking about the old school the children had when her grandfather grandfather was a little boy and the fun they had.4. According to the text, what is the fun of the school in the old days? (Paras. 33&34)The fun lies in the interpersonal communication. In the old days, students had classmates and the teachers were people, which make it possible for them to communicate with each other.Words and Expressionslight up:1) (cause to) start to burn, give light toe.g. The fire lit up her face.火光照亮了她的脸。A brilliant sun lit up their rooms.灿烂的阳光照亮了他们的屋子。2) cause to become bright with pleasure or excitemente.g. The girPs face lit up with joy when she saw her mother.那个女孩看到母亲时，脸上闪耀着喜悦之情。16. insert:vZ.put something inside something else, or to add something, especially words, to something elsee.g. She inserted the key into the lock.她把钥匙插入锁中。I've filled in the form, but you still need to insert (= add) your bank details and date of birth.Synonym:tucksigh:.1) vz.to breathe out slowly and noisily, expressing tiredness, sadness, pleasure, etc.e.g. She sighed as she lay back on the bed.她在床上向后一躺，叹了 口气。She looked out of the window, sighing for her lost youth.她看着窗外，为她失去的青春而惋惜。2) n. a slow noisy breathe.g. He gave a deep sigh and continued to work.他深深地叹了 口气，又继续工作了。With a hopeless sigh, he turned away.他发出一声绝望的叹息，转身走开了。17. neighborhood: n. the area of a town that surrounds someone's home, or the people who live in this areae.g. The whole neighborhood praises him.周围的邻居都称赞他。You'll find the hotel in the neighborhood.你会在附近找到这家旅店。Synonym:Vicinity-hood: a suffix expressing state or condition Examples: childhood, brotherhood, falsehood18. must have loved:must have done: In English there are similar expressions: could have done; might have doneThese expressions are used to express that a person believes that he or someone else has done sth in the past, but they differ in the degree of certainty:“must have done,9 implies high degree of certainty;“could have done implies medium degree of certainty;“might have done“ implies low degree of certainty.“must have done“ in the sentence shows that Margie is absorbed by the old school described in the book and she firmly believes that students in the past loved school.Teacher can ask students to discuss the question, “Why Margie believes that students in the past loved school?”Sentences:1. .the mechanical teacher was on and waiting for her. (Para. 31)Explanation:was on: in the state of being turned onParaphrase: the mechanical teacher had been turned on and waiting for her.2. And the teachers were people. (Para. 34)Note that this paragraph is made up by a single sentence. The short sentence strongly suggests that Margie has been bored by her schooling and absorbed by the school in the old days.“people“ here expresses clearly that the teachers in old school were human beings inst