中考英语语法复习第06讲形容词、副词级别变化(学生版).docx

知识图谱咨词、§咨词、§知识精讲一、形容词/副词的比拟级和最高级构成1.规那么形容词级的构成规那么如下表：单 音 节 词er和est型构成规那么原级比拟级最高级一般在词末加-er和-esttall great hardtaller greater hardertallest greatest hardest以e结尾的只加-r和-stnice largenicer largernicest largest以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为 i,再力卜er,-estdrydrierdriest闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个1 音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母， 再加-er,-estbig thin hotbigger thinner hotterbiggest thinnest hottest双节 词er和est型少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble, -pie 结尾的 双音节单词，方法同单音节词happy simple clevernarrowhappier simpler cleverernarrowerhappiest simplest cleverestnarrowestmore 和 most 型其他的在前面加more,most分别构 成比拟级和最高级careful useful quicklymore careful more useful more quicklymost careful most useful most quickly多 立节 词more 和 most 型在其前面加more和mostdifficultbeautifulmore difficultmore beautifulmost difficultmost beautiful2.不规那么形容词的级的构成:原级比拟级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldest3.形容词、副词递减的比拟等级的构成在形容词、副词前加less和least,表示“较不”和“最不”:interesting 有趣的 less interesting 较无趣的 least interesting 最无趣的important重要的less important较不重要的least important最不重要的有些形容词可以加er及est或前面加上more/ most来形成比拟级和最高级polite- politer或 more polite - politest 或 most polite, 这类词还有 quiet, handsome, pleasant, common, exact 等。二、形容词副词的原级、比拟级和最高级用法.原级形容词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。1) . “asas”结构,表示“前者像后者一样”，A+ be+as+ adj. +as+B (+be).A+do+as+ adv. +as+B (+do).如：John is as tall as his brother.约翰和他的哥哥一样高。John runs as fast as his brother does.约翰和他的哥哥跑的一样快。2) . “notas/soas”结构,表示“前者不如后者”，A+ be(not)+as+ adj. +as+B (+be).A+do(not)+as+ adv. +as+B (+do).如：People are not so honest as they once were.人们不再像以前那样老实了。John doesn't run as fast as his brother does.约翰不如他的哥哥跑得快。1 .比拟级当把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比拟时，就需要用到形容词比拟级。其结构是：A + do +形容词或副词比拟级+than+B (+do).如：Bill works harder than Joe.比尔比乔更为勤奋。表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+ than”的结构表示。如：This room is less beautiful than that one.比拟级的特殊形式：1) . “越来越”：比拟级+and+比拟级如：He is getting more and more handsome.他变得越来越帅了。It is becoming cheaper and cheaper. 它越来越廉价 了。2) . “越就越”：the+比拟级，the+比拟级如：The sooner, the better.越快越好。The harder you study, the more you will get.你学习得越刻苦，你的收获就越多。3) .表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比拟级前加表示程度的状语，如even、 a lot> a bit> a little> stilk much、far> yet、by fay 等修饰。如：He works even harder than before.He is much taller than me.他比我高得多。4) .倍数的表达：倍数:once, twice, three timesA+倍数+as+形容词/副词原形+as+BA+倍数+形容词/副词的比拟级+than+B如： This box is four times as big as that one.This book is four times bigger than that one.这个盒子是那个盒子的四倍大。2 .最高级三者或者三者以上的人或物进行比拟时，需要使用形容词或副词的最高级。其结构是:1） . A+do （+ the） +形容词或副词的最高级+of /in+比拟范围（注意：形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the,副词最高级前的the通常省略）如： He is the tallest in our class. =He is the tallest of all the students.杰奇是班上最高的学生。2） . one of +the+最高级+形容词最高级如：It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen.这是我见过的最丑陋的头像之一。3） .用比拟级表示最高级A + be+比拟级+than+ any other+单数名词+the other +复数名词+anyone else+any of the other+复数名词如：He is taller than any other student in the class.他比班上其他的同学都高。否认词+比拟级表示最高级: 如： Tom is the tallest student in his class.= No one is taller than Tom in his class.三点剖析一、重点：形容词副词的比拟级和最高级构成和句型。三、易错点：1 .某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比拟时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior （劣等的， 次的）、superior （较好的，优于）、junior （资历较浅的）、senior （资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.在比拟从句中为了防止重复，我们通常用that（those）、one（ones）代替前面出现的名词。 that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而。ne只能代替 可数名词。The book on the table is more interesting than that(或 the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.2 .由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。1) . as much as +不可数名词数量。Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.2) .as many as +可数名词数量多达I have as a many as sixteen reference books.3) .as early as 早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.4) .as far as远到；就而知(论)We might go as far as (走至Ll)the church and back.As far as I know (就我所知),he has been there before.5) .may (might, could)as well 不妨、不如Then you might as well stay with us here.6) .as .as can be至lj 了最的程度，极其They are as unreliable as they can be.7) .as .as one can 尽可能He began to run, as fast as he could.8) .as .as possible 尽可能Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.3 .易混结构. "no more than"(= only) “不过，仅仅“not + more than”意 为“不多于”如：My French is not better than yours.我的法语不如你的好。My French is no better than yours.我的法语和你的一样差。1) . no+比拟级+than前者和后者一样都不"not +比拟级+ than"表 示"一方不如另一方”如：The first prize winner is not more than 10 years old.这个一等奖获得者不到十岁。The first prize winner is no more than 10 years dd.这个一等奖获得者年仅十岁。2) . "no less than” (=as much /many as) “多大，和样多”“ not less than " = at least 最少如：He has no less than five children.他的孩子多达5个。He has not less than five children.他至少有5个孩子。3) .morethan* “与其不如”more than 多于，不止如：-Ann seems quite unfriendly.安看起来很不友好。-1 think she's more shy than unfriendly.我认为与其说她不友好不如说她害羞。 He is more my friend than my teacher.与其说他是我的老师，还不如说他是我的朋友。形家词副词比拟级构成例题 1、 With another railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with service for passengers.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.the best随练 1、 一How are you today, Frank?Much, but my doctor says I'll still have to rest for another few days.()A.wellB.goodC.bestD.better形家词副词比拟级句型例题 1、 Though he started late, Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if, Miss Liu.A.not better thanB.not betterC.no better thanD.no better随练 1、 Unless you are brave enough to speak up, you'll lose chances to makeyourself understood.()A.moreB.lessC.muchD.fewer随练 2、 more learned a man is,more modest he usually become.( ) A.The； theB.A； aC.The； aD.A； the随练 3、 Rather than on a crowded bus, he always chooses to run to school.A.ridingB.to rideC.rideD.rides随练 4、 Gone with the Wind is a novel. It also helps us to understand the history ofthat time.A.less thanB.more thanC.no more thanD.not more than拓展1、 -This book by Tony Garrison is of great use for our course.-But I think this latest one is worth reading.A.betterB.moreC.mostD.veryWith College Entrance Examination around the corner, there is no time than NOWto crack a book.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.badThe problem will be discussed at the class meeting next Monday.A.fartherB.furtherC.farD.furthest- How do you find this restaurant?A.A friend told meB.l don't think soC.lt's hard to findD.lt can't be better2、 The house rent is increasing sharply nowadays. I've got about half the space I had five years ago but I am paying now.B.as much five timesA.as five times muchC.much as five timesD.five times as much3、 Sam is going to talk about the history of his country, but I'd rather he more on itsculture.A.foe usB.focusedC.focusingD.will focus4、 -What do you think of the boy's painting?-I've never seen a person with sense of art.()A.the betterB.a betterC.a goodD.the best