UNIT教学知识细解码Word版含解析.docx

根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。1. congratulate祝贺，恭喜f congratulation/?.祝贺，恭喜，贺辞2. ten-。，.往往会,趋向；照看一tendency/?.倾向，趋势3. injure应.伤害，损伤一injury”.伤害，损伤4. equip”.装备，西已备一equiDment/z.装备，配备，设备5. announce”.宣告,宣布；通知-*announcement .宣告，口头通知1. assume”假定，认为；承担；呈现©Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.假定Il is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will continue to improve.认为The court assumed responsibility for the girl's welfare.承担This matter has assumed very importance.2. tend港往往会；趋向*照看When I'm tired, 1 tend to make mistakes.往往会©Prices have tended downwards over recent years.趋向We saw a shepherd tending his sheep.照看3. average/n平均水平；平均值砺平均的；普通的，一般的；典型的The average price of goods rose by just 2.2%.平均的 It takes an average of ten weeks for a house sale to be Dieted.平均值I was just an average sort of student.一般的，普通的©Forty hours is a fairly average working week for most people.典型的Words and Phrases知识要点Icongratulation祝贺，恭喜(教材 Pi6)You want to start doing exercise? Congratulations!你想开始锻炼 吗？祝贺你！例 1 Please give him my congratulations when you see him.请见到他时转达我的祝贺。例 2 Congratulations on your exam results!祝贺你考出了好成绩！句中不定式to consider作定语，修饰the first thing,与the first thing之间存在 逻辑上的主谓关系。被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高 级修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。例 1 Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman to win the Nobel Prize.屠呦呦是第一个获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。例 2 He is among the best students to do the experiment.他是做这个实验最好的学生之一。造句他每天总是最后一个来。He is always ihe last one lo e every day.归纳拓展(1)当被修饰词前有the next, the only, the last, the very等时，常用不定式作后 置定语。(2)英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况主要还有：抽象名词 time, way, ability, reason, chance, courage, opportunity 等后常 用不定式作定语。不定代词something, nothing, little等后常用不定式作定语。I 翻译 1 Il was the first play to win(它是赢得的第一部戏剧)al 1 Ihe three ofthese major awards.|翻译 2 The next thing to d。(下一步要做的事情)is to relax yourself pletely.即学即练单句语法填空©If I have any further news, you will be the first person to know(know).The ability to express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.(3)1 had a chance to visit the Great Wall last month.©She has only a little room to live jn.重点句式3of +抽象名词(教材 Pi7)VVhen to eat is also of great importance.何时吃饭也很重要。句式分析“of +抽象名词=形容词”可用于说明主语的性质。常见的有use, value, help, importance 等。H列 I I regard this as of great importance.我认为这个很重要。例 2 The work I am doing is not of much value.我正在做的工作没有什么价值。造句他们对英语学习者有很大帮助。They arc of great help tohe learners of English.归纳拓展1(1)为了强调某种抽象的含义，在抽象名词前面可用little, some, any no, great, not much等修饰。(2)有的可用同根形容词代替，如 importance/important, usc/uscful, value/valuablc 等。(3)of后可接age, color, size, height, opinion等名词,表示主语的类别特征,名 词前一般加不定冠词或the same。 翻译 1 The Nobel Prize is of great importance (很重要)to Chinese medicine.I 翻译 2 These flowers are of differenl colors(颜色都不同).即学即练单句语法填空©The arrival of canals was of great value to many industries.His speech is of little significance(significant).Hc is of the same weight as his brother.®I don't want to hear what you arc saying.lt is of no interest to me.1 .(教材 Pi6)Some studies even show that exercise improves certain brain functions, meaning you could actually exercise your way to better performance at school!分析此句为主从复合句。句中show后面的that引导宾语从句，其中meaning you could actually exercise your way to better performance at school 为现在分词结构 作状语，而且meaning后也是省略了连词也辿的宾语从句。译文一些研究甚至表明锻炼会改善大脑的某些功能，这意味着实际上你可 以通过锻炼来提高学业成绩！2 .(教材 Pi?)When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility.分析此句为主从复合句。其中，when引导时间状语从句:what引导表语 从句。译文I制订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善，是心 肺功能，肌肉力量还是柔韧性。教材高考l.Most people assume thatregular exercise does wonders for your body and mind 一 but what exactly are its health benefits?（2019江苏卷）We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it es to brain power, more must be better.2.1t has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases.（2019江苏卷）His music could stop his disease from worsening.3.Like cars that run on petrol, your body burns carbohydrates for energy.（2019* 江苏卷）More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy.4.To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment whenexercising.（2019,全国卷 I ）To prevent the birds from being killed.5.Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their lack of exercise during the weekdays.（2019* 全国卷 II ）This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.I .单句语法填空1. It is assumed （assume） that time is the most honest.2. The club also offered its congratulations（congratulation） to D. Brown on her appointment as president.3. There is a tendency（tend） for this disease to run in families.4. Today's announcemenKsnnounce） of a peace agreement came after weeks of discussion.5. Try strctching（strctch） your legs and pulling your toes upwards.6. We didn't find anything of value in your information.7. We should try our best to make up for our loss.8. She felt nervous, lacking(lack) in confidence about herself.9. The product was developed in response to customer demand.10. The old adding machine was replaced (replace) with a puter many years ago.II .短语填空do wonders; stick with; on average; make up for; put finishing touches to; in response to; now that; play a role in1. English plays a role in the international munication.2. The sleeping time for senior 3 students is about six hours or so per day on average.3. Work harder to make up foe the time wasted in the past.4. Eight glasses of water per day can do wonders.5. If the tool works well, then stick withit.6. I still need to put finishing touches to my report, but I can do that on Monday morning.7. In resDonse to the question “How satisfied are you with your life in general ?”8. Now that you are ready, let's set out at once.HL课文语法填空If you want to start exercising, you should understand the benefits of exercise.First, physical activity can increase the 1.efficiency (efficient) of yourheart and lungs because while exercising, your heart and lungs must work harder, which 2.makes (make) the heart and lungs grow stronger over 3.the long term.Moreover, exercise is good for your mental health, such as reducing stress, getting over negative feelings and 4.improving(improve) some brain functions.When you plan an exercise routine, thefirst thing 5.to consider (consider) is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility.Such these types of exercise as aerobic activities, jogging and swimming all play a role 6.in a healthy routinc.Abovc all, choose activities you enjoy 7.because only in this way are you more likely to stick with them.Like cars that run on petrol, your muscles burn carbohydrates for energy.So, when to eat is of great importance.Don't eat 8.immedjately(immediate) after exercise, instead, wait at least 3() 9.minutestminute) or as much as an hour after a hard workout.Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lO.lost(lose) to sweat.Finally, to prevent injury, warm up before beginning a difficult activity.造句恭喜你在英语考试中取得成功。Congralulalions lo you on your success in Ihe English examinalion.归纳拓展(1 Congratulation n. 祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulations to sb.on slh.为某事向某人祝贺offer/express one's congratulations to sb.向某人表示祝贺(2)congratulate vt.祝贺congratulate sb.on sth.为某事向某人祝贺即学即练单句语法填空©Congratulate you on passing(pass) the driving exam.一I got that job I wanted at the public library.-Congratulations(congratulate)! That's good news.I would like to express my congratulations to you on your receiving the first prize of Chinese speech contest.He has passed the exam and I'll express my congratulations(congratulation) to him.明辨异同congratulate, celebrate小片段填空congratulate意为“祝贺”，是用语言表达祝贺之意，其宾语是人；若要表明所 祝贺的事情,后面用介词on连接,即congratulate sb.on sth.ocelebrate意为“庆祝，庆贺”，指举行盛大、隆重的仪式来庆祝或纪念有意 义的日子或事件。常用表示节日、胜利、成功等的名词作宾语。An old couple is ©celebrating their 20th wedding anniversary.I think I should offer my congratulations to them, so I e up and ©congratulate them on iheir marriage.Much to my joy, they accepted my sincere congralulatiucs happily.(cclcbrate/congratulatc)知识要点2assume以假定，认为；承担(责任)(教材 Pi6)Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for your body and mind -but what exactly are its health benefits?大多数人认为经常锻炼对身心有奇效，但它对健康究竟有什么好处呢？例 1 In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家有一个秘密的信息隐藏在作品中。例 2 They assumed her (to be) the best singer of their time.他们认为她是他们那个时代最好的歌唱家。造句人们认为这可能是最佳的解决办法。It is assumed Ihal Ihis is the best possible solulion.归纳拓展Iassumes假定；设想；承担；假装assume sb./sth.(lo be)+M/./.假定/认为某人/某事(为)It is assumed that. 人们认为assuming (that).假设assumption假定，假设on the assumption that.假定make an assumption 作出假设即学即练单句语法填空Your argument is based on a pletely false assumption(assume).It is generally assurned(assume) that stress is caused by loo much work.As far as I'm concerned, a great many people made an assumption that he was right.We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.知识要点3tend时往往会，倾向“照看(教材 Pi6)It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases.事实也证明，经常运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。例 11 Wc tend to meet up for lunch once a week.我们往往每周共进一次午餐。例 2 Doctors and nurses tended the injured.医生和护士照料受伤者。造句她正在家里照顾生病的母亲。She is tending (to) her sick molher al home.归纳拓展I(1 )tend to do. 倾向于做tend towards sth. 趋于，倾向于(2)tendency /?.趋势，倾向性have a tendency to do.倾向于做tend (to) sb.照料,照管即学即练单句语法填空She has a strong natural tendency(tend) towards caution.Women tend to live(live)longer than men.His view tends(tend) towards the extreme.She tends to get(get) angry when you disagree with her.知识要点4range,(变动或浮动的)范围；区间；界限；一系列v.(在一定范 围内)变动；变化；排列(教材 Pi7)Flexibility training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps stretch your muscles and improve your body's range of movement.体操和太极拳等柔韧性训练有助于拉伸肌肉，加大身体活动范I韦I。例 1 There is a full range of activities for children.这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。例 2 His lecture ranged over a number of topics.他的讲座涉及许多话题。造句它们的价格在$3至n15之间变化。They range in price from $3 lo $15.归纳拓展I(l)a wide range of 一 系列within/in the range of在范围内beyond one's range某人能力达不到的range from .to.在范围内变动即学即练单句语法填空The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging(range) from butterflies to elephants.The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond our range.When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within the range of 60 km/h and 120 km/h.1 have a wide range of hobbics(hobby), including reading, keeping diary, playing balls with friends and so on.知识要点5average平均的，普通的，平常的平均数，平均水平也计算出的平均数(教材 Pi7)In general, you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising.一般来说，你应该在用餐平均1.5到2.5小时后再进行锻炼。例 1 Freddy was an average student, but not an average person.弗雷德是一个普通的学生，但不是个普通人。例 2 The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6.4、5、9三个数的平均数是6。造句我们平均每天接到二十个 。We received 20 calls a day on average.归纳拓展Ion average平均起来abovc/bclovv (the) average在平均水平以上/以下up to (the) average 达到平均水平an average of.平均有(后跟数词)即学即练单句语法填空He is working hard and his grade is above the average in his class.On average, men smoke more cigarettes than women.The age of the candidates ranged from 29 to 49 with an average age of 37.The average age of the boys in this class js(be) fifteen.知识要点6make up for弥补，补偿(教材 Pi7)Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost tosweat.sweat.记住运动时全程都要喝水，以弥补因出汗流失的水分。例 1 Pay increases will not always make up for poor working conditions. 工资的增长并不总能够弥补恶劣的工作环境的不足。例 2 But I made up for it in the evening.可是到了晚上我就补回来了。造句 她决定更加努力工作，把失去的时间补回来。She decided lo work harder lo make up for ihe losl time. 归纳拓展make叩构成，组成；占；铺床；化妆; 弥补；和解；编造be made up of由组成make it准时到达；获得成功make out分辨；理解，明白make a difference有影响，起作用即学即练|单句语法填空I could just make out a figure in the darkness.I'm sorry I won't be able to make jt.The group made(make) up of thirty girls is very popular here.知识要点7 (教材 Pi7)To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipmentwhen exercising.为防止软组织受伤，请确保锻炼时穿着合适的衣服和装备。(l)prevent 阻止，阻碍H列 1 We recognized the possibility and took steps to prevent it happening. 我们意识到了这种可能性，并且采取了一些预防措施阻止它发生。例 21 Nothing would prevent against injustice. 什么都不能阻止鸣不平。造句这次事故本来是可以防止的。The accident could have been prevented. 归纳拓展pre vent. from doing sth.阻止做某事与这种结构相似的有 stop sb./sth.from doing sth.； keep sb./sth.from doing sth., from不可以省略。注意：在被动语态中，这三个短语中的from都不能省略。一j即学即练单句语法填空Lynn's parents tried to stop her seeing(see) him.No one can prevent this plan from being carried(carry) out.We were prevented from going on by the heavy rain, but we didn't lose heart.(2)equipment n.配备，装备例 1 What kind of equipment should you use?你应该使用哪种设备呢？例 2 The equipment of the studio was expensive.这个工作室的装备花费巨大。造句他们需要用到的设备是否已经到位？Do they have the equipment they need?归纳拓展1(l)equipment n.U设备：装备a piece of equipment 一件设备(2)equip vt.装备；使有能力equip.with.用装备equip sb.for (doing) sth.使某人为(做)某事而准备，使某人具备做某事的条件即学即练单句语法填空You must try to equip yourself with enough knowledge.A lot of new equipment has been sent(send) to that area so far.The pany has decided to buy some modern cquipincnt(equip).©Equipped(equip) with some tools, the farmers walked into the mountain.小片段填空The course is designed to (Dequip students for going camping, so the boys eciuiDped themselves with food and water and then set off.©Equipped with some modern equipment, the boys headed for the forest happily.(equip)知识要点81ack. &近.&理缺乏，短缺；没有，不足(教材 Pi9)Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their lack of exercise during the weekdays.其他人在周末锻炼几个小时以弥补他们在工作日缺乏 的锻炼。例 1 He said there was no lack of things for them to talk about.他说他们不缺话题谈。H列 2 Despite his lack of experience, he got the job.尽管缺乏经验，他还是得到了那份工作。造句他缺乏信心。He lacks confidence.归纳拓展forlackof由于缺少(2)be lacking in 缺少(3)lack for sth.没有，缺少(4)a lack of 缺乏即学即练1单句语法填空The boy didn't go to school for lack of money.Lacking(lack) in money, the boy didn't go to school.She lacks/lacked( 1 ack) the money to buy new shoes.You can't be successful when there is a lack of trust in a relationship.Sentence Patterns重点句式lit has been proven that句式(教材 Pi6)It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases.事实也证明，经常运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。句式分析本句属于“It+be+过去分词+ that."，其中that引导主语从句，it是形式主 语。