2023年上海沪教版英语八年级下册第二学期知识点归纳集锦.docx

上海沪教版英语八年级下册第二学期知识点归纳集锦第一部分:词与词组I、重点词汇与词组i n d anger1 > be i nterested i ncut d ow n 1 e t o u t o n ear tbelo n g tok eep.a 1 i ve commun i c a te withprotect on e s elf2、 a t o n e's2、 a t o n e'ssugge s t ionon one's suggest i onm a ke a suggesti o n m a ke a suggesti o n o ffer a sugg e s t io n on the sugges t io n of. 3、c ome t o a d e cisi on/ a r r ive at a d ecis i on / re a ch a d ecisio n give a dec i s i on for g ive a dec i sion ag a inst make a d eci s i o n 4、t ak e c harg e o f und e r t h e c ha r g e of in c h a rge of5、agr e e o n agr e e w i t h agre to (do sth)6、remi n d sb. of sth, i n a d d i t i on (to), now th a t, b e excellen t for, enable s b t o do sth, be co v e r ed w i t h, feel 1 i keb e respons i ble fo r , n ow th a t, help o ne s elf (t o + food/dr i n k/veget a ble.)A. on e B . i t C. t h emD. that) 1 5. W e 7 re very busy be c ause we,v e s o b o o ks to r ead and sohomew o rkto d oeve r ydayA. mu c h . many B. many . much C. many .a lot D. a lo t . much a( )16.t ho u ghtt he ma t t e r b u t st i1 1 c oul dt f ind out the r e a s o n. a A. every B .bo tC noth i n gD.everything a(17.car i s n o t so e xpe n s i ve a s _A.himB. h e'sC.he D. hi18(Lily and L u c y have arrive d , bstudentsreyet.A. other B. ot h ersC. theo t her D. t ho thes a()19. There a re hi g h bu i Idingside of te s tr e et. a A. b othB. ever y C. any D . ei t h e r() 2 0 .What do you u s u a 1 1have for br e ak fa st?eggs andmilk, aLitt 1 e . a few B . A lit t 1 e . a li t tie C. A fewa littleD.A f ew . ai s d ifficu 1 t i n the w orldf yo u puto urhe a rt i n to it.A.SomethingB . Any thingNoth i ngEv e rything2 2 I sthist or yh e sameasin thatbook?A. t he o n eB . w h at C. t h at D. it4、happe n , t ak e place5、f r o z en, fre e z i n gn、词与词组辨析1、alive, living 都是“活着”的意思，用法不同。例如： alive是表语形容词，一般在句子中放在系动词后面，用作表语。例如：I a m your friend a s 1 o n g as I a m aliv e .只要我活着就是你的朋友。living是定语形容词，一般在句子中放在名词前用作定语。例如：There are not a ny 1 iving thi n g s i n th e moun t a i n area.在这个山 区里没有任何活着的 东西。2、pati e nt; im p atie nt; p at i ence3、comfort; c o mf orta bl e; comfortab 1 y4、r eply; ans w e r (v. & n.)explain; explana t io n6、visible； vis ion； invisible7、contain hold8、exp erie nc ey experie n ced9、c one 1 ude, cone 1 usion10、g o off9 go out,go up, go aw ay, go down9 g o in1 , used to do s th, b e used to do s th, be used t o doi ng sth, b e us e d as, be used f or12、try d o i ng s th, tryto do sth73、go on to d o sthy g o on doin g sth14、be fami 1 i a r to, be f amiliar wi th15> pleased,plea s ant, pleasur e,please 16、accept, r e ceive17. keep的用法18、w h at/how 感慨句19、数词的用法2 0、不定冠词a、an的用法21、介词后面动词用ing形式22、状语从句连接词:if las long as, wh e n/while/as soon as/unti 1 / b e fore /a ft er, t houg h/althoug h23、w h en/while24、w e ll/g o od2 5,疑问词+主语+情态动词c a n/s h oul d/could等+谓语动词=疑问词+谓语动词不定式第二部分:语法1、 It9s + a d j . + f o r/of sb +1 o do sth2> a lit t 1 e9 a few, 1 i ttle, few3、表达数量的词： p 1 enty oflo t s o f, a lot ofa gre a t / g o od d e al of, a 1 arge/sm al 1 q u a ntit y of, a lar g els mall am oun t of a num be r of, the numbe r of4、情态动词s5% can't, m ay 等的意思，xwsf与may（主语是第一人称）开头的一般疑问句的否认回答mus t用或 may用或m ust, m ay等表达肯定的推测意义;ca n"表达否认的推测意义nee d作为情态动词与实义动词动词的用法【情态动词用法的基本练习】）1. 一May I ta k e m y p et d o g wi t h me int o t h e c inema? 一T h e r ule s a y s no. So y oA. can B. mu s tn't C. may D. ne e dn't()2. We hop e t hat as many peop leas p ossi b le join u s fo r th e c haritysh o w t o morrow.A. n eed B. can C. must D. s h oul d()3 . Mu s t I getup early t omo rrow? N o , .A. yo u mustn't B. I do n t h i n k yo u hav e t o C . you can'tD. you nee d()4. 一May I pl a y c o mputer games, mum? 一No. You finis h y our h o mework first.A. wil 1 B. ca n C. wouldD.must()5. Le t'sg o tot h e concertto night,Michae 1! Sorr y,I .Ihavetoh elp my mothe r withthehous ework.A. m u s tn't B.ma y n ot C.needn't D.can't()6. C a n you f in is h the wor k i n two days? Sorr y ,I . M ycompu te r d o esn't w o rk.A. don'tB. c a n't C. must n't D. needn't()7.you s peak J a panese? N o , I can't.A. Ca n B. Must C. M a y D. Should()8. If the tr a ff i c 1 i ght i s red, you cross t he road. It's v e ry dan gerous.A. don't B. mustn't C. ne e d n't D. wouldn't()9. 一May I use yo u r ruler? 一.A. Ye s , pie a s eB. Y o u are nice C. It do e sn9t matterD. I t w as a pleasure5、宾语从句：陈述句改为宾语从句时，用that连接; 一般疑问句改为宾语从句时,用whether / i f连接;特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时，用特殊疑问词连接。【宾语从句专项精选】()1 The girls asked i f they some food and dri n k wit h t hem.A. t o o k B. t ake C. tak e s D. will t a ke()2 C a the r ine said that she t o Guangzhou.A. ha s ne v er gone B . had n e v er go n e C. h as n e ver b ee n D. had neve rbeen() 3 The stude n t s want to know wh e t h e r t h ey di c tati o n t o day.A. h a d B. h a s C. will hav e D . are()4 She aske d Lin d a if g o and g et som e .A. co u Id she B. s he cou 1 d C. she ca n D . s he may()5 L i n da said the moon r ound t h e ear t h .A. tra v eled B. h a s t r av e led C. trave Is D. had trave 1 e d() 6. Can yo u te 1 1 me you were born, B etty?A. wh o B . whatC. when D. t hat( )7. I don, t k now t h ey h ave p a sse d the exam.A. w h at B . i f C. when D. where( )8.1 hardl y u n derstan d . h e h as tol d me.A.that B. what C. wh i ch D. who()9. Sh e di d n!t know back soon.A. whethe r he w o uld b e B. if w o u Id h e b e C. h e w ill be()10.1 d on't know h e sti 1 1 liv e s here af t er so m a n y yea r s.A. w h eth e r B wher e C. w h at D. whe n()11. Do you know t hey listened toyesterdayev ening?A. w h a t B when C w h y D ho w() 1 2 . He as k e d me t old me the a c c i dent.A whom B w hich C w h o Dwhose()13. They do n *t kn o w t heirparentsare.A that B what C why D which()14. P 1 ea s e tell me 1 asty e ar.A.where d o es your siste r workBwher edi d y o ur si s terwork C wh e re you r si s ter worksD w h ere you r sist e r w o rked()15. Sh e a skedmeif I kn e w .A. wh o se pen i s it B . whos e pe n it wa s C. whos e pen i t is D. who s e pen was it()16. You must rem ember.A. w h at your mothe r s ai d B. wha t did y ou r mo t her say C . yo u r mothe r sa i d what D. what has your m o ther said()17. Did you know?A.wh o h e was look i ng a f ter B.whowas helooking forC.who he i s 1 ook i ngforD. who h e i s 1 o ok i ng aft e r()18. Cou 1 d you tell me ?A. when will they lea v e B e i j i ngB. when wouldthey 1 eave BeijingC. whe n they will leave B e ijin g D.when d i d th e y leav eBe ijing()19. In t he b ook s hop, a read er asked the sh o p k e ep e r Who Moved MyChees e wa s an in t e re s t ing book.A. t ha t B. how C. wh a t D. if()20. 一 I d o n, t k n o w Mr. Gr e en will come t o s ee us. 一He wil 1 helpus wit h our Englis h .A. w h y B. when C. how D. where()2 1. 一We n ever know the old man is. T h ey say he is a teac h er.A. what B. whoC. which D. w h ere()22.1 w a s told Bill Ga t es was t hirtee n he b e gan to p 1 ay with c ompute r s.A. that h ow B. how that C. when t h a t D. that when( )23. 一Do you k n ow ? I'm going t o se e h im. 一Sorry, I don' t kno w.A. wheredoesMr. L i liv e B. w h ere d i d Mr. Li 1 ive C. w h ere Mr. Li 1 i v es D. where Mr. L i lived()24. 一W here d o you t h in k he the com p uter? S or r y , I h a veno i d ea.A. / ; bo u g h t B. ha s ； b ou g ht C. d id; buy D. do e s; b u y()2 5. I don' t fe e 1 v er y we 1 1. M u m a s ked me t h is mor n i ng.A. what the m a tter i s B. wh a t i s wr o ng C. w h at the matte r was D. what wrong w)2 6. 一Wher e i s Jac k ?一He is away to sp e nd his holi day. He's go n e eit h er to Hang z h o u or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure.A. thatB. wh i c h C. w h er e D. t here6、直接引语转换为间接引语.人 称 代 词 和 指 示 代 词 的 变 化指示代词this和these通常变为that和th。s eo人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如:He said, “I c ame to he 1 p y o u.”他说：“我是来帮助你的。" af H e said t h at hehad come t ohelp me. 他 说 他 是 来 帮 助 我 的。 .时态的变化引述动词假如用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。引述动词假如用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下:般现在时一一般过去时般过去时一过去完毕时4现在进行时一过去进行时 现在完毕时一过去完毕时一般将来时一过去将来时 .时间状语的变化no w - the nla s t m o n t h the month b e f oret o day t hat daythree day s ago three days bef o reJt onight t hat n ighttomorr。w - the next d ay J this week f th a t weekne xt mo nth f th e next months yeste rday f the day b ef ore th e day after tom orr ow in twodays地点状语的变化he re th ere 谓语动词的变化com e go【注意】具有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。若直接引语为客 观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引 语时，时态不变。【将下列句子中的直接引语改为间接引语】. “ I am v ery h appy." said Fi s her p r o u d 1 y .1 . Dinny s a i d: "I s a w M r Mu s kam ye s te r da y T. He s a id： “I w i 11 hav e finish e d my wo r k by t h at tim e2 . “I hav e n eve r s e en anyth i ng more b e a utiful t ha n t his." h e said.5. Mr Ro c h est e r s aid; "I've s e ttle d everyt h ing； and w e w i 11 1 eave Thornfield tomorro w“It is too 1 a te." he said.6. “He r e is Miss Eyre, si r sai d Mr s Fa i rf a x.7. “ I wil 1 tr y it J sai d Kate.8. "I've s t ud i ed biolo g yj he s a id.9. C6We w i 11 g o back t o t he house,“ he s aid.7、不定代词辨析:all, any, a not h er, both, ea c h, every, e it he r, f e w, I i t tie, m a ny, mu ch, n oy non neit h er, one, oth ery s om e 以及由 s omey a ny9 no, eve ryWbody, o ne, thing构成的复合不定代词。one9ones的用法eac h , every的用法 other, the other, a noth e rother s9 th e othe rs 的用法【不定代词专练】() 1. police off i cers in the U K c a rr y guns, b u t m o s t of them don't .A. No B. S o me C. Many D. All()2. 一Which d o you like b e st, c o ffe e ,water o r juice? . I only like tea.A. Both B. Either C. Ne i th e r D. None()3. There are m a n y tall bui 1 dings o n sides o f the stre e t.A.)4.She h as written a 1 o t of bo o ks, butgood one s .anyB. s ome C. fewD. m a n y)5.一Would you like c hicken n oo d 1 es or b e efnoodles? 一.Td 1A. e ith e rB. al 1 C. bot h D. no n eA.)6 . I'm hungry. I wantt o eat.A. a n y t h i n gB. someth i ngC. ever y thingD. n o t h i ng)7. 一I saw Tony a t the party. B ut he d i dn't speak tom eevening.一Maybe h e didn't se e y o u .A. allC. e i t her D. anotherf r om Am eri ca ? 一N o , no n e of u s.A. both B. a 1 1C. anyD. eithe r( ) 9. He showed me a magazine h e bo u g h ty e sterda y .I t hink it's in t ere s ting. So I boughtA. i tB. thisC. t h a tD. one)10. Mikefel 1o ff the bik e , b u t he d id n'thurttoma t o noodl e s.E i t her B. N either C. B ot h D. NoneA. he B. him)1 1.A. What B. WhichC. Who)12. There isn9 t any milk in my ga ss. Wou 1 dy ou giveB. f ew C. li t tieD. a ny)13. We h a d pp aper bu tink.A a fewB. few C . not man y D. no tmu c hC. himsel f D. hi s se 1 fboo k are y ou lo o k i ng for?) 14. Leamin g a fo r e i g n 1 an g uag e is espe c ially di f ficult for t hose who have nevebefo r e.befo r e.r 1 e arne d