2022-2023学年湖北省宜荆荆恩四地市高三上学期起点考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

“宜荆荆恩” 2023届高三起点考试英语试卷注意事项：1 .答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在 答题卡上的指定位置。2 .选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写 在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3 .非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸 和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4 .考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题海小题1.5分,满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅 读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B.£9.18. C. £9.15.答案是C。1. What are the speakers talking about?A. The radio. B. The weather. C. The weekend.2. Why docs Lucy refuse the man's offer?A. She is very busy. B. She is poorly paid. C. She is unconfident.3. Whal did Patrick do last Friday?A. He went out with a friend.B. He sold his old apartment.C. He moved to another place.4. Which flight will the man take?A. 10： 20. B. 11 ： 00. C. Il： 45.5. What is Jennifer going to do?A. Start a business. B. Check her work. C. Buy some paper.第二节（共15小题;每小题L5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项 中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后， 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。C. They are breathtakingly fast learners.D. They possess exceptional intelligence.13. What does the underlined word "that" in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Studying further.C. Learning strategically.14. Why can bubbles fascinate babies greatly?A. They make little scientists, life colorful.C. They prove what babies have just learned.B. Observing the world.D. Understanding information.B. They challenge babies' existing cognition.D. They float up quickly and donjust disappear.15. Which word can best describe baby learners according （o （he author?A. Confident and optimistic.B. Observant and capable.C. Consistent and persistent.D. Dynamic and responsible.【答案】12.A13. C 14. B 15. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是一段时间以来，人们都知道儿童的学习速度惊人。但是它是如 何工作的呢？研究人员使用人工智能工具和跟踪婴儿眼睛运动的眼球追踪器调查了儿童的学习速度惊人这 一谜团，并得出了令人惊讶的结论。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It may seem very different, but babies are certainly not lying around randomly.Babies don't explore the world by chance, with their eyes failing on it. Babies have a strategy if they want to understand Ihe world.（这可能看起来非常不同，但婴儿肯定不是随意躺着的。婴儿探索世界不是偶然的，他 们的眼睛落在上面。如果婴儿想要了解这个世界，他们会有自己的策略。可知婴儿在理解世界的时候 会使用策略，他们会观察物体寻找有用的信息，拒绝对他们无用的东西。由此可知，婴儿是有目的地探索 世界这个发现让人惊讶。故选A项。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第二段"Babies have a strategy if they want to understand the world. First, they look for those pieces of information that allow them to understand other information faster and more efficiently. On the contrary, if they see an object or event from which they can learn nothing further, they simply reject it. Only the information useful to them, they select, says Dr Francesco Poli.（如果婴儿想要了解这个世界,他们会有自己的 策略，首先，他们寻找那些能让他们更快更有效地理解其他信息的信息片段。相反，如果他们看到一个他 们无法进一步了解的物体或事件，他们就会直接拒绝它。他们只选择对他们有用的信息。Francesco Poli博 上说）”以及文章第三段“That sounds easier, even for a baby, than done. But how does a baby know what is important and what is nol?（即使对婴儿来说，这听起来容易做起来难。但是婴儿怎么知道什么是重要的，什 么是不重要的?）"可知，此处的That指代的应该是有策略地学习。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段""Babies build their knowledge. They are like little scientists who like to see their idea challenged. For example, they learn very quickly that objects fall down and don't just disappear. And this is why they love bubbles（泡沫）so much: they do float up and then disappear!"（“婴儿逐渐增进他们的知识。他们 就像小科学家，喜欢看到自己的想法受到挑战。例如，它们很快就知道物体会掉下来，而不是凭空消失。 这就是为什么他们如此喜欢泡沫：它们确实会起浮来，然后消失!"）”可知，在婴儿的认知世界里物体是 掉下来，而不是凭空消失，但是泡泡却是浮起来然后就消失了，这和他们已有的认知是不一样的，所以泡 泡的特点对他们已有的认知形成了挑战，让他们很感兴趣。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段 “Firsl, they look for those pieces of information that allow them to understand other information faster and more efficiently. On the contrary, if they see an object or event from which they can learn nothing further, they simply reject it. Only the infonnation useful to them, they select.（首先,他们寻找那些 能让他们更快更有效地理解其他信息的信息片段。相反，如果他们看到一个他们无法进一步了解的物体或 事件，他们就会直接拒绝它。他们只选择对他们有用的信息）”以及文章第四段“Instead of looking at the eyes in faces, they study carefully for weeks the mouths of the people who talk to （hem. So （hey are in a constant state of maximum learning capacity!（他们不是看脸上的眼睛，而是仔细研究与他们交谈的人的嘴巴。所以他 们一直处于最大学习能力的状态!）”以及全文内容可知，婴儿善于观察且具有极强的学习能力。故选B 项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分125分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。It's a sunny afternoon, and my wife Barbara is at the park again, counting and recording the number of eggs laid by monarch butterflies. 16 Nobody is Paying Barbara, but she considers herself lucky to be a “Citizen Scientist".When volunteers participate as assistants in activities like these, they are engaging in citizen science, a valuable research technique. 17 Some of them are science teachers or students, but most are simply amateurs who enjoy spending time in nature. They also take pride in aiding scientists and indirectly helping （o protect the environment. The movement （hey are involved in is not a new one. 18 One of the earliest projects of this type is the Christmas Bird Count, started by the National Audubon Society in 1900. And citizen science projects are developing more than ever.In formal studies, Professional scientists and other experts need to maintain the highest possible standards.19 Some might argue that citizen scientists cannot maintain the necessary attention to detail, or that amateurs will misunderstand the context of the investigation and make mistake when collecting and organizing. In other words, can citizen science be considered truly reliable?20 The first focused on volunteer knowledge and skills. In this study, a scientist asked volunteers to identity types of crabs. He found that almost all adult volunteers could perform the task well. The second study compared professional and non-professional methods. Both proved successful. Results like these suggest that research assisted by amateurs can be （rusted when scientists organize it.A. Two recent studies show that it can.B. In fact, its roots go back over a hundred years.C. It invites the public to assist in gathering information.D. The best citizen science projects arc win-win situations.E. She was awarded the “Citizen Scientist“ which is a great honor.F. Their research must not only be thorough, but also objective and accurate.G. After collecting her data, she'll share it with the professional scientist who hired her.【答案】16. G 17. C 18. B 19. F 20. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍Citizen Scientist这一让普通民众参与到科研中的项目。【16题详解】由上文"It's a sunny afternoon, and my wife Barbara is at the park again, counting and recording the number of eggs laid by monarch bulterflies.（这是一个阳光明媚的下午，我的妻子芭芭拉再次来到公园，数着并记录着 帝王蝶产卵的数量。）”可知，作者妻子在收集帝王蝶产卵数量。而G项A配r collecting her data, she'll share it with the professional scientist who hired hcr.（收集数据后，她将与雇佣她的t?业科学家分享。）符合语 境。其中data指代空前一句话提到的作者妻子Barbara记录的数据。故选G项。【17题详解】由 上文 44 When volunteers participate as assistants in activities like these, they are engaging in citizen science, a valuable research technique.（当志愿者作为助手参与这样的活动时，他们正在从事公民科学，这是一种有价 值的研究技术。）”可知，这里在解释什么是公民科学。而C项It invites the public to assist in gathering infonnation.（它请公众协助收集信息。）符合语境。其中It指代前一句话中的citizen science故选C项。【18题详解】由上文“The movement they are involved in is not a new one.（他们所参与的运动不是新的。）”以及下文“One of the earliest projects of this type is the Christmas Bird Count, started by the National Audubon Society in 1900.（最早的这类项目之一是由国家奥杜邦协会于190（）年发起的圣诞鸟计数。）”可知，这项目并不是新 的项目。而B项In fact, its roots go back over a hundred years.（事实上，它的起源可以追溯到一百多年前。） 符合语境。其中over a hundred years和下文in 1900对应。故选B项。【19题详解】由上文 “In formal studies, Professional scientists and other experts need to maintain the highest possible standards.（在正式研究中，专业科学家和其他专家需要保持尽可能高的标准。）”可知，专业科学家在研究 中要保持尽可能高的标准。而 F 项 Their research must not only be thorough, but also objective and accurate.（他 们的研究不仅要彻底，而且要客观准确。）符合语境。其中Their和上文Professional scientists and other experts对应。故选F项。【20题详解】由后文 “ The first focused on volunteer knowledge and skills. In this study, a scientist asked volunteers to identity types of crabs. He found that almost all adult volunteers could perform the task well. The second study compared professional and non-professional methods. Both proved successful.（第一个重点是志愿者的知识和技 能。在这项研究中，一位科学家要求志愿者识别螃蟹的种类。他发现几乎所有的成年志愿者都能很好地完 成任务。第二项研究比较了专业和非专业方法。这两个都证明是成功的。）”可知，这里做了两个研究。而 A项Two recent studies show （hat it can.（最近的两项研究表明它可以。）符合语境。其中Two recent studies和 后文两个研究对应。故选A项。第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节：完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。As a nurse, Fawcett jumps around from the emergency room to the COVID-19 units upstairs. The unique21 has allowed her to see all aspects of the diseasefrom patients on their death beds to ihose 22 enough to recover. But her fellow nurses in the emergency room have been so 23 and helpless, who don't see any light at the end of this dark tunnel. “The patients arc just 24 the nurse said.At a morning meeting, Fawcett decided to 25 what she witnessed with her fellow nurses. It really gives them a little 26 in their step. Fawcett has worked overtime since an old man was admitted. "This man came in, looking very 27. His wife was accompanying him, she recalled. "We cried together and 28together. I did not think he was going to make it.'' However, the turning point came a week later. He had been taken off the ventilator（呼吸机）and was 29, He was sitting in a chair, smiling at his wife! It was just3（）【解析】The31has become a motivation for the nurses who struggle (o keep up iheir32duringgrowing pandemic(流行病).They feel more33.to everyone there because theyTre all going through thiswar together.34everything will35the awesome death rate, they i _ be fine.ire firmly convinced that the pandemic will surely pass and21. A. goalB. roleC. habitD. desire22. A. fortunateB. contentC. energeticD. grateful23. A. annoyedB. surprisedC. embarrassedD. discouraged24. A. checking outB. settling downC. Hooding inD. holding on25. A. shareB. discussC. compareD. match26. A. developmentB. encouragementC. commitmentD. accomplishment27. A. strangeB. confidentC. braveD. horrible28. A. shoutedB. prayedC. arguedD. complained29. A. returningB. strugglingC. recoveringD. progressing30. A. incredibleB. irregularC. unreasonableD. unavoidable31. A. smileB. comfortC. optimismD. enthusiasm32. A. standardB. strengthC. spiritD. pace33. A. exposedB. connectedC. stuckD. locked34. A. Due toB. Apart fromC. In spite ofD. In contrast to35. A. typicallyB. probablyC. apparentlyD. eventually【答案】21 B 22. AA 32. C 33. B23. D 24. C34. C 35. D25. A26. B 27. D28. B 29. C 3(). A 31.【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。由于新冠感染者激增，医院护士面对死去的病人心灵受到打击，感 到无助。此时Fawcett向她们讲述了一个感染病毒存活希望不大但最终战胜了病魔的老人的故事，以此来 增强同事们对抗疫情的信心。21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一独特的角色使她能够看到疾病的各个方面从病入膏肓的病人到那些幸 运康复的病人。A. goal目标;B. role角色;C. habit习惯；D. desire欲望。根据前文as a nurse得知,空格 处指代的是这一独特的“角色”，故答案为B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一独特的角色使她能够看到疾病的各个方面一从病入膏肓的病人到那些 幸运康复的病人。A. fortunate幸运的;B. content满足的：C. energetic精力充沛的；D. grateful感激的。根 据前文的death bed和后文的enough to recover得知，空格处填fortunate,和前文的death bed形成对比。故答案为A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她在急诊室的护士同事们非常沮丧和无助，他们看不到这条黑暗隧道尽头 的任何光明。A. annoyed生气的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. discouraged沮丧的。根 据并列词and和形容词helpless “无助的”可知，空格处含义和helpless相同或相近，都表示护士的绝望心 情。故答案为D。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：护士说：“病人不断涌入。" A. check out结账离开；B. settle down定居；C. flood in大量涌入；D. hold on坚持。根据前文可知，病人们不断“涌进来”让护士们对抗病魔的感到绝 望。故答案为C。25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一次早上例会上，Fawcett决定把她所看到的分享给其他护士。A. share分 享；B. discuss讨论；C. compare对比；D. match匹配。根据后文语义，Fawcell讲述（之前发生的一件事 情来鼓舞士气，所以空格处表示“分享”的含义。故答案为A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这确实给了他们一点鼓励。A. development发展；B. encouragement鼓励；C.commitment 承诺；D. accomplishment 成就。根据后文 “The11has become a motivation for the nurseswho struggle to keep up their12during growing pandemic（流行病）.”可知，Fawcett 的分享真正地给了同事们一些“鼓励"，encouragement呼应后文的motivation。故答案为B.【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她回忆道：“这个人走了进来，看起来情况很糟糕。他的妻子陪着他。” A. strange奇怪的，陌生的;B. confident自信的；C. brave勇敢的；D. horrible糟糕的。根据后文w We cried together and8together. I did not think he was going to make it.n ,老人可能撑不下去,说明老人入院时病情严重，所以看起来很“糟糕”。故答案为D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们一起哭泣和祈祷,我以为他活不下来了。A. shouted呼喊；B. prayed祈祷；C. argued 讨论；D. complained 抱怨。根据前文“ “This man came in. looking very 7. His wife was accompanying him, w可知老人身体情况很糟糕，结合并列词and和前文提示词cried,可知空格处表示 填prayed符合题意，表示Fawcett和妻子一起为老人祈祷。故答案为B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一周以后迎来了转机，老人取下了呼吸机，身体开始恢复。A. returning返回；B. struggling 挣扎;C. recovering 恢复；D. progressing 进步。However 和 Ihe aiming poinl 表明前后语义呈转 折关系。根据并列词and和提示词He had been taken off the ventilator nf知,老人糟糕的身体情况开始好 转。故答案为C。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他坐在椅子上对着他的妻子微笑，这真是太不可思议了。A. incredible难以 置信的；B. irregular无规律的，不规则的；C. unreasonable不合情理的；D. unavoidable不可避免的。前文 提到老人撑不下去，后文提到身体恢复，所以这整个事情是“令人难以置信的"。故答案为A。31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个微笑已经成为护士们在口益严重的疫情中努力保持精神状态的动力。A. smile微笑；B. comfort舒适；C. optimism乐观；D. enthusiasm热情。"the+名词”往往特指前文提到的事 物。前文提到老人正坐在椅子上，对着妻子微笑，可知老人的“笑颜”对于护士来说是一种动力。故答案 为A。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个微笑已经成为护士们在日益严重的疫情中努力保持精神状态的动力。A. standard标准;B. strenglh力量;C. spirit精神;D. pace步伐。前文说到护士面对如此多受感染的病人,感 到气馁和无助，这是一种精神状态，Fawcett通过分享的故事，大家的精神状态得到调整，大家开始努力 保持他们的斗志。故答案为C。33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们觉得和那里的每个人都有更紧密的联系，因为他们一起经历了这场疫 情。A. exposed暴露的；B. connected联系紧密的；C. struck罢工中的；D. locked上锁的。由后文的go through the war together可知护士们精诚团结共同对抗新冠疫情，所以他们感觉联系的更加紧密了，所以 connected符合题意。故答案为B。【34题详解】考杳介词短语辨析。句意：尽管死亡率惊人，但护士们坚信疫情定会过去，一切终将美好 A. Due to由 于；B. Apart from 除了之外；C. In spite of 尽管；D. In contrast to 和对比。空格前 the awesomedeath rate描述死亡率可怕，是负面内容，空格后the pandemic will surely pass "疫情终将过去”是正面内 容，前后内容形成转折关系。故答案为C。35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管死亡率惊人，但护士们坚信大流行疫情定会过去，一切终将美好。A. typically典型地;B. probably可能地;C. apparently明显地;D. eventually最终。根据并列词and可知, Ihe pandemic will surely pass和everything will 15 be fine表示相同含义，都是积极的内容，结合空格前的副词surely,空格处填eventually符合题意。故答案为D。第二节(共10小题：每小题L5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Earlier this June, the Olympic Council of Asia announced that the 2022 Asian Gaines, 36 was originally scheduled for September in Hangzhou, would be postponed due (o the pandemic situation. According to the Games' organizing committee, all 56 competition venues and 31 training venues will be 37 (gradual) opened to the public from July 1.Sports centers with relatively low operation costs will provide free admission to their gymnasiums, squares, and track and field venues. Those 38 (design) to host competitionssuch as rowing, shooting and cycling will hire professional teams to run the venues and maintain facilities. It 39 (anticipate) that these venues will offer sports-related experience activities to the public. Venues located in universities will stage40 (variety) of sports events, improving their utilization (使用)beyond their daily use in students, education.The committee has promised to open venues 41 a controlled and orderly manner as it tries to protect and maintain the quality of the facilities. Each venue will establish 42 operation and maintenance