专题02-Unit1PeopleofAchievement第二讲UsingLanguageOtherParts（学生版）2022-2023学年高二英语讲义（人教2019选择性必修第一册）.docx

Using Language & Other Parts®目标导航重点词汇1. 也主要地；一般地2. 应.&"迅速离开；逃跑3. usuallyp/条件；环境；状况4. n.流；流动；流畅；供应应,流；流动5. n.图表以记录；制定计划6. M创建；建立；把建立在7. 推断；推定8. 理论；学说9. 天才；天资；天赋10. n.专利；专利证书；获得专利。的.有专利的；受专利保护的11. n.酷爱；激情12. 她.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的13. 小（教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑14. n.上唇的胡子；髭15. n,个性；特点；怪异的性质16. 训偶然碰到；遇到n.邂逅；遭遇17. n.教授18. n.方法；技巧；装置；仪器19. 总结；概括n.金额；款项；总数；总和20. n.草稿；草案起草；草拟词汇拓展21. conclusion n.结论；推论-推断出；得出结论；使结束力.结束；终止22. politicians,从政者；政治家；政客一politics九 政治一.政治的；党派的23. relativity n. 相对论； 相对性 adj.相对的 >adv.相对地一n.亲属24. gentle .温柔的;文静的 adu.轻轻地；温和地一n.温顺；亲切25. gradually .逐渐地;逐步地一。切.逐渐的；平缓的26. consequence n.结果；后果一。矽.随之发生的；作为结果的(3)It seems the first one here.看起来我是第一个到这里的。(4)The young man with long hair looks as if he (be) a woman.那个长头发的男青年看上去好像是个女的。至知识点 9 On 18 April 1955,逵双够1卿期短03，Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.1955年4月18日,据报道，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为失 去这位杰出的科学家而哀悼。本句属于“It+be+过去分词+that."，其中that引导主语从句，it是形式主语。Xlt is believed that人们相信It is said that据说It is thought that.人们认为It is reported that.据报道It is known that众所周知上述句型可改为 sb./sth.is believed/said/thought/.to do/to be doing/to have done,根据动词不定式和谓语动词之间的时间关系来确定使用不定式的一般式、进行式还是完成式。(1)this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有很强的语言天赋和说服力。(2) eating too much sugar does harm to our health.人们认为，吃糖太多对健康有害。(3)you will come back together.人们期望你们一起回来。(4)eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against illness.已经证实，小时候多吃蔬菜有助于保护你免受疾病的困扰。句型转换(5)It is said that John is one of the best teachers in the school.(改为简单句)>John one of the best teachers in the school.羔分层提分题组A基础过关练I ,单词拼写The patient is (逐渐地)recovering from the operation.1. She was satisfied, for her son had obtained two (专利)on an invention.2. According to the of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light.3. University both teach and undertake research.4. He played with such great （热丫倩）that no one could compare with him.5. The boy had an imagination that gave him the ability to explore future world.IL选词填空take in, be able to, as a consequence, due to, in general, I am quite satisfied with the result.6. It is said that black more heat than white.7. She should convince him of his stupid decisions.8. Most of them turned up on time； only Tom arrived late due to the traffic jam.9. He made a big mistake, and, ， he lost his job.HL单句语法填空They get together regularly to sum their work.10. Don't make remarks others9 private aflirs.11. This is the total cost of your trip, taking everything .12. Young people have made a great （contribute） to China's economic development.13. The rain was heavy yesterday and （consequent） the roads were flooded.14. As soon as he came power, he had the rule abolished at once.15. As time went by, she understood her mother （gradual）.16. This river is three times longer than that one, （flow） across 11 provinces.W.单句写作你能告诉我怎样去公园吗？（疑问词+不定式）9*17. 过马路时，他被车撞了。（状语从句的省略）*18. 据报道，三分之一的市民打算买车。（It+is +过去分词+ that）看这些云！看起来好像天要下雨了。（asi。*在路上他赶上了大雨，结果他上班迟到了。（as a consequence）题组B能力提升练Student loan（贷款）debt has become a worldwide problem.In America, the country's overall student debtreached a record of $1.6 trillion in 2O19.The average person with student loan debt owed between $20,000 and $25,000.A recent Japanese government report says it has been lending over $9 billion yearly to students since 2010.Similar conditions exist in Africa and South America.Several factors account for high student loan debt.One is that employers everywhere have increased their demands for skilled workers, making higher education a requirement for many jobs.The students, however, after graduation, often find that their country9s economy is not strong enough to support their financial needs, so their ability to pay back the loan becomes a problem.To solve the problem, many countries are seeking their ways.Australia has developed a system where students do not have to pay anything back until they are earning at least $40,000 a year.In America, several candidates running for president in the 2020 election have offered more extreme solutions that all or at least some of these loans will be forgiven.Some professors in several universities recently studied what the effects of debt forgiveness might be.They found that, overall, sudden debt relief greatly improved the borrowers, lives.Not only did they have more money, but they were more likely to move to a new area and seek better paying work.Yet the professors9 research doesn't include what might happen to financial institutions or the overall economy if debt were totally forgiven.lt only looks at how debt forgiveness would help the borrowers.They warn of some other possible negative effects.If a borrower knew that if he ran into any trouble he would be saved because he could get the debt relief, then he might actually become more reckless（轻率的）with his borrowing in the future.No matter what, the professors agree that if countries do decide to approve some student debt relief, the neediest students should be helped first.1. How does the author introduce the problem of student loan?A. By making a comparison.B By making classifications.C. By presenting some statistics.D. By setting down general rules.2. What can we learn about student loan debt relief?A. It will surely provide some benefits to borrowers.B , It has already been carried out in the United States.C It aims to encourage more students to borrow money.D. It will prevent a person from landing a well-paying job.3. What is the professors9 attitude to debt forgiveness?A. Uncaring.B. Positive.C. Disapproving.D. Cautious.4. What's the main idea of the text?A. Student loan debt is the most serious problem worldwide.B. Student loan debt tends to pull the needy out of trouble.C. Growing global student debt fuels search for solutions.D. People hold different opinions on debt forgiveness.题组C培优拔尖练As the coronavirus outbreak continues, many Americans are fearful of using public transportation.They are also looking for ways to get exercise without having to go to a gym, as well as ways to enjoy the outdoors. 1In the United States, bicycles at big stores like Walmart have sold out.And small bicycle stores cannot keep up with demand fbr “fhmily-style“ bicycles： the low-cost, easy-to-ride models.The bicycle industry is seeing its biggest sales increase since the oil crisis of the 1970s.The increase in bicycle demand began in March as countries began to close down. 2 All bicycle sales, including those for children, are up 100 percent from the year before.3 Cities like Manila in the Philippines and Rome, Italy have created bicycle paths for the growing number of people who want to avoid public transportation.In London, city officials plan to bar cars from some central roads.Of course, you can only buy a bicycle if you can find one bicycle.In the U. S，the shortages now mean it may take many months to get one. 4 The U. S.buys 90 percent of its bicycles from China.Bicycle factories there were shut down to stop the spread of COVID-19.In Bar Harbor, Maine, Brian Smith bought a new bicycle for one of his daughters.She is a competitive swimmer who could not get to the pool to practice.His family now goes for rides several times a day.Bicycling helps them all get exercise and enjoy the fresh air. 5 "It's fun.Maybe that's the bottom line.Ifs really fun to ride bikes, " Smith said.A. But what's the biggest reason why they go on rides?B High demand is not the only reason for the shortage.C Then who has benefited greatest from riding bikes?D. The rise in bicycle sales is not happening just in the United States.E. In April, the sale of bicycles for adults increased 200 percent in the United States.F. However, no bicycles have been imported from abroad like China since the end of last year.G. So, it may not be surprising that the pandemic（流彳亍病）has led to a major increase in bicycle sales.>adv.因此； 结果27. remarkable adj.非凡的； 显著的一 n. 言论； 评论一 adv.显著地；非常地重点词组重点句型1. 由于2. 能够3. 实际上，事实上4. 冒生命危险5. 拿起；接受；开始从事6. 开始）掌权；上台7. 结果8. 担任；任职9. 总结；概括1. who引导定语从句Albert Einstein,in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived.阿尔伯特爱因斯坦，也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，通常被认为是有史以来最聪明的 人之一。2. 状语从句的省略, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.当（爱因斯坦）在那里工作时，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，在1905年获得了物理学 博士学位。3. as though/ifHe had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end他留着浓密的小胡子和长长的白发，有时头发竖立着，好像刚挨了电击似的。4. how引导宾语从句There is even a story about who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework.甚至还有一个故事，讲的是他如何帮助一个小女孩，这个女孩敲了他的门，请求他帮她做家 庭作业。5. It+be+过去分词+ that.On 18 April 1955, Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. 1955年4月18日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为失去这位杰出的科学家而哀悼。&知识精讲原文呈现THE MAN WHO CHANGED OURUNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSEAlbert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived.He made numerous contributions to the world, IhgjjjQsL3yfeU-IglathdXyandJheJnifillsJiQnnula) E=mc2 1 . Einstein was not only a genius®； he was a courageousand kind figure loved by many people.1 画线部分为独立主格结构，being的逻辑主语为the most well-known(contributions)oThis gentle® genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.When he was 16, he tried to enter university7 in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam®, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics.After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900 2.2此处为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent"" office.While wQiirighere 3 , out of® a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate® in physics in 1905.That same year, which was later recorded as a miracle year in science, he published four extraordinaryphysics papers.Following this, he graduallybecame famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton.After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enterresearch fulltime at a university.In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.【3】此处为“连词+现在分词”构成的省略结构，将句子补全为While he was working thereoCircumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany .Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions® closed to him4 . As a consequence河 he had to flee Germany.After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position® as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study inPrinceton, USA.Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics.4画线部分为“find +宾语+宾补”结构，closed to him是过去分词短语作宾语补足语。21To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man.He had a thick moustache0 and22long white hair, which sometimes stood on5. Although23he was a genius, he sometimes forgot things, like his friends, birthdays.But despite his peculiarities0, he was lovedby his friends and neighbours.There is even a story about hQW hc helped a litUc gill whQ knQcked Qn his dQQI and24asked fQI help with her home迈Qlk【6 1, In fact, Einstein often encountered0 people on the street who would stophim and ask him to help explain things.After many such occasions, he finally started saying, "Pardon me! Sorry!25Always I am mistaken for ° Professor Einstein!”【5】此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰long white hair, which在从句中作主语。在该定语从句 中，as though引导的方式状语从句用了虚拟语气，谓语为had done（表示与过去事实相反的情况）。【6】画线部分为how引导的宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。宾语从句中又包含一个who引导的定语从句， 修饰a little girl, who在从句中作主语。2627On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away °, and the whole world mourned0 the great loss of a brilliant scientist.课文译文改变了我们对宇宙认知的人阿尔伯特爱因斯坦也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，他经常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。他为 世界做出了许多贡献，最为知名的是广义相对论和著名的七=机/公式。爱因斯坦不仅是一位天才，也是一 位勇敢善良的人物，受到许多人的喜爱。这位温和的天才于1879年3月14日出生在德国。16岁时，他试图考入瑞士的大学，尽管在数学和物理上 取得了优异的成绩，但由于其入学考试的综合部分分数很低而失败。他又学习了一年，设法通过了考试， 1896年考入大学，1900年毕业。在找了两年的教师工作后，爱因斯坦找了一份在瑞士专利局做文书的工作。在那里工作期间，出于对知识 的热爱，他继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。同年，也就是后来被记录为科学奇迹的那一年，他 发表了四篇卓越的物理学论文。此后，他逐渐成为举世闻名的新艾萨克牛顿。四年后，他辞去了专利局的 工作，在一所大学开始从事全职研究。1922年，他因解释光电效应被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。1933年希特勒在德国上台后，形势发生了变化。身为一个犹太人，爱因斯坦发现学术机构的大门对他紧闭。 因此，他不得不逃离德国。在欧洲待了一段时间后，他最终在美国的普林斯顿高等研究所担任研究员。之 后，他继续在物理和数学领域取得了巨大成就。在公众看来，他是一个外表略显古怪但又和蔼可亲、风趣幽默的人。他胡须浓密，有时长长的白发挺立， 就好像他刚遭了电击。他虽然是个天才，但有时会忘记一些事情，比如他朋友的生日。他尽管有怪异之处, 但还是受到朋友和邻居们的喜爱。甚至有个故事，讲述了他如何帮助一个上门请求他帮助做家庭作业的小 女孩。事实上，爱因斯坦经常在街上遇到一些人，他们会拦住他，让他帮忙解释一些事情。经过很多次这 样的情况后，他终于开始说：“对不起！对不起！我总是被误认为爱因斯坦教授！”据报道，1955年4月18日爱因斯坦去世，全世界都为一位杰出科学家离世所带来的巨大损失而哀悼。叁 知识点OlDidyoucometoanyanausiftns?你得出结论了吗？conclusion n. 结 论； 结束<reach/arrive at/draw/come to a conclusion 得 出结论in conclusion = to conclude 总之，最后make a conclusion 下结论Xconclude 结束；推断出，断定conclude.from.A中 推断出conclude (from sth.) that(从某事中)推断出；(从某事中)断定conclude.with./by doing.以结束(l)He the film Wolf Warrior II was well worth seeing.他得出结论：电影战狼2很值得一看。(2)What can we conclude the conversation?我们能从这次谈话中得出什么结论？(3)He concluded his speech a famous saying.他用一句著名的谚语结束了演讲。(4)Without enough evidence, we can't .没有充分的证据，我们不能下结论。叁 知识点 2 He made numerous sontributiftQS to the world, the most well-known being the ggnferal theory of relativity and the famous formula £=机。2.他对世界做出了很大的贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著 名的公式E=mc2Qcontribution n.贡献；捐款；捐赠Xmake a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth.为(做)某事作出贡献 contribute v.贡献;捐献,捐助;投稿 contribute to为作贡献；有助于；促成contributeto把贡献给；为捐款；向投稿(1 )Everyone should the environment.每个人都应为保护环境作出贡献。(2)Regular exercise will your health.有规律的锻炼会有助于你的健康。(3)He has a number of articles to the magazine.他已给这家杂志社撰写了许多文章。(4)Reading English every morning will contribute to (improve) your oral English.每天早晨朗读英语对你提高英语口语有很大的帮助。general一般的；普通的n.将军由general总的来说，通常(相当于generally)as a general rule 一般而言；通常，总之Xgenerally adv.一般地；通常地generally speaking 一般而言(5)Meanwhile, with her parents9 help, Moore is able to live a normal teenage life.同时，在父母的帮助下，摩尔基本上可以过正常的青少年生活。(6)， parents care more about their children's health than about their own.一般来说，父母关心孩 子的健康胜过关心自己的健康。(7), though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads!但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困难！出 知识点 3 Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitlerin Germany.1933年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。come to power上台，当权(表示动作，不能和一段时间连用) Xpower”.能力；力量；权力；职权；政权；电力供应 be in power掌权，执政(表示状态，可以和一段时间连用) have the power to do sth.具有做某事的能力/权力 beyond/out of one's power某人力所不能及的 Xpowe