高考英语语法《特殊句式》备考知识点全方位.docx

专题13特殊句式、 特殊句式概览特殊句式Z全部倒装局部倒装简单句中的省略并列句中的省略复合句中的省略（一）倒装1.倒装分两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,称为全部倒装;有时候只将局部谓语（如助动 词或情态动词）提到主语之前,称为局部倒装.局部倒装概览特殊句式练习题单句语法填空1. （2018 天津高考改编）It was only when the car pulled up in front of our housewe saw Lily in the passenger seat.2. （2017 天津高考改编）It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.3. （2016 天津高考改编）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.4. （2018 北京高考改编）In any unsafe situation, simply（press） the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.5. （2017 江苏高考改编）（be） it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.6. （2016 江苏高考改编）Not until recently（do） they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.答案1 .解析:that句意:直到汽车停在了我们的房子前面的时候,我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客 座上,此处是强调句型“It is（was）+被强调局部+ that +其余局部”，本句强调的是时间 状语从句.2 .解析:that句意：正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们.此 处为强调句型ifs . that .,被强调的是句中的时间状语从句.3 .解析:that句意:你等错地方了.长途客车是在宾馆接游客.去掉it is和空格处后 是一个完整的句子，因此本句是一个强调句，填that.4 .解析:press句意:在任何不安全的情况下，只要按一下这个按钮,一个训练有素的代 理人就会给你所需要的帮助.此题为“祈使句+ and+陈述句”结构，所以用动词原形.5 .解析:Were句意：如果没有老师的支持，这名学生不可能克服她的困难.该句是省略 if的虚拟条件句，if省略后需要将were提前构成倒装.6 .解析:did句意:直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游相关的工程.not until 放在句首时句子要使用局部倒装,此处指过去所发生的动作,应使用一般过去时.。川y+状语置于句首，主谓局部需要局部倒装具有（半）否认意义的副词及含否认词的介词短语置so,neither/nor置于句首，后面的渭语需局部倒装,局部倒装和so it is/was with.也可表示此意将"so.that"和"such.that”中的so和such.表示： 也/也不It is/was the same with.于句首作状语时置于句首，以示强调语之前only+副词/介词短语/状语从句+助动词/情态动 词/be+主语/be+主语so/neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be+主语/such.+助动词/情态动词/be+主语在含有were, had, should.的if虚拟条件句从句中，将if省略，把were/had/should提到从句主were/had/should+助动词/情态动词/be+主语il7定副词/含否认词的介词短语+助动词/情态动词局部倒装的句子结构:助动词/情态动词/be+主语+ （主要动词）(1)含有否认意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起局部倒装结构.这类词(组)有:never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely . when ., no sooner . than ., not only . but also , not until, nowhere, neither . nor . 等.Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.Not sooner hadshe stepped out of the house than it began to rain.Not only ami interesed in photography, but I took a course at university, so it' s actually of special interest to me.(2) “only+状语”置于句首时,主句要用局部倒装.Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.Only in this way can we solve this problem.Only then did he realize that he has made a mistake.(3)so/such . that .结构中的so, such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表 示强调时,主句要用局部倒装.Such great progress did he make that he was praised.So louldly did she shout that everyone in the distance could hear her.(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”（so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否认意义）.I saw the film HarryPotter last week; so did she.Neither could we get rid of the smell of fish.(5)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中,从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构 成倒装结构.如果位于句首的是单数可数名词,其前不加冠词.Strange as it may sound, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires.(6)在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had, were, should要提到主 语前面.Had you come with us, I think you would have enjoyed Europe too.Were I you, I would take her advice.Should it rain tomorrow, I would have to stay at home(7) “may+动词原形”表示祝愿时,通常将may置于句首，构成倒装语序.May you succeed.2.全部倒装概览全部倒装句子结构:谓语+主语以there引出倒装句，其谓语动词常常是表地点的副词there, here,或介词短语置于句首,主全部倒装为了保持句子平衡或强调表语局部，将作表语 的形容词、分词、介词短语。such置于句首，谓语动词为bebe,appear,come,exsit,happen,lie,live,occur,seem, remain,stand 等语是名词，谓语是be或不及物动词表时间的副词n o w, t h e n或表示方位的副词o u 3 in, up,down, away等置于句首，主语是名词， 谓语是不及物动词there+谓语+主语there, here或介词短语+谓语+主语now, then或表示方位的副词+谓语+主语形容词/分词/介词短语/such+be+主语在as, though引导的让步状语从句中副词/形容词/（零冠词名词/分词/动词+名词1.以引导词there开头的倒装句1 . there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用.There have been many great changes in our country since then.There must be a mistake somewhere.2 . there be 句型中的 be 有时可用 seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, live, stand, lie, exist 等替换.There seems to be an announcement about the project.There happened to be a man walking by.3. therebe结构的常用句式Thereisno point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义.Thereisno doubt about . . / that . 毫无疑问Thereisno need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事.Thereis(no) difficulty/trouble in doing sth. /with sth.（做）某事（没）有困难/麻烦.There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth. /that .(做)某事(没)有可能性.This doesn，t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.3 .以方位副词或介词短语开头的倒装句here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, below, inside, outside, on the wall, in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首,且主语 为名词时,句子用全部倒装.John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.South of the river lies a small factory.4 .有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提 到句首，构成“表语+系动词+主语”的完全倒装结构.Present at the party were Mr Green and many other guests.Seated on the grass are a group of young students.(二)强调句型高考分析 J强调句型是高考经常考到的语法工程.主要考点：l.it;2. that; 3. notuntil 结构,做题时要特别注意:被强调局部为状语从句或含有定语从句时,一定要 分析句子,看清楚缺少的成分.(1)强调句型的基本结构:It is/was +被强调的局部+ that/who+句子其他局部.该句 型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调.当被强调局部是人，且作主语时，可用 who或that,其他情况下一律用that.It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.特别注意强调主语时,要注意连接词和谓语的一致性.It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was + it +被强调的局部+ that/who +句子其他 局部？Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词+ is/was + it + that+句子其他局部？When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?特别注意由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序.She doesn，t know who it was that saved her son.(4)not.until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until . +that+句子其他部分.分.省略复合句中的省略复合句中的省略It was not until then that I realized the importance of health.直到那时我才意识到了健康的重要性.2.强调谓语动词It is/was.who/that .结构不能强调谓语动词.可用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词,用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中,do还可以用于祈使句.She did tell me her address, but I forgot all about it.(三)省略陈述句中的省略 疑问句中的省略省略成分简单句中的省略祈使句中的省略 感叹句中的省略省略谓语动词省略宾语省略“主语+系动词”省略“主语+谓语动词”省略“系动词+表语”省略“主语+谓语+宾语”宾语从句中的省略定语从句中的省略状语从句中的省略为了使语言简洁或防止重复,省略居中的一个或几个句子成分,这种语法现象称为省略.主语(I) Beg your pardon.(It) Sounds like a good idea.谓语或谓语的一局部(Is there) Anything I can do for you?(Is) Anybody here?宾语A: Where has Mr Smith gone?B: Sorry, I don' t know (where he has gone)主语和谓语,或主语和谓语的一局部(Are you) Hungry?(I want) Orange juice, please.不定式to后省略动词A: Would you like to come to the party?B: I' d love to (come to the party.)一、简单句中的省略陈述句中的省略(1) 情景省略根据说话的情景省略某些词语，这种情况在日常交际用语中大量存在.(There is)No problem.(Do you) Mind if I sit down?(2) 应答语省略在应答语中，常可根据问句内容省略某些词语.Diane: Oh really? So have I. Which language you studying?Rob: (I am studying) Chinese.(3) 结构省略根据惯常语法结构省略某些词语.I' ve lived here (for) ten years.Two weeks (from) now is New Year' s Day.Today I met her at the tailor' s (shop).1. 疑问句中的省略在疑问句中有时根据语境可以省略主语、谓语、主语+助动词/be、主语+谓语等. (Have you) Been here before?(I beg your) Pardon?2. 祈使句中的省略(Be)Quick!(Wait) Just a moment!(Pay) attention, please!3. 感叹句中的省略(That? s)excellent!What a lovely autumn day (it is) !How amazing (it is)!二、并列句中的省略在并列句中,后面分句中与前面分句相同的局部,常可省略,以防止重复.1. 省略谓语动词They learn French and we (learn) Enlgish.John won the first race and Jimmy (won) the second.2. 省略宾语My father planned (al 1 these houses) and they built all these houses.3. 省略“主语+系动词”Coral is not a plant but (coral is) a variety of animal life.4. 省略“主语+谓语动词”She tried to persuade her husband to give up smoking, but (she tried) in vain.5. 省略“系动词+表语”John was the winner in 2005, but Bob (was the winner) in 2006.6. 省略“谓语动词+宾语”I will buy a new car, and he will (buy a new car) too.7. 省略“主语+谓语+宾语”South Korea has increased trade with China and (it has increased trade) with other East-Asian countries too.三、复合句中的省略.宾语从句中的省略(1)在which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句中，常可省略与主句相同的局部,仅保 留一个连接词.She can' t come, but I don' t know why (she can' t come).She will go to Paris, but I don' t know when ( she wi11 go to Paris).(2)在对话中,答语有时是一个包含宾语从句的句子,但常常省略.-一Will it rain tonight?一I hope (it will) not (rain tonight).-Is Mr King in his office?一Sorry, I don' k know (whether he is in his office or not).(3)在两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句中，引导第一个宾语从句的连接词that可以省略，其 余的那么不可省略.The girl told him (that ) they were on a train trip across Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal.(4)在某些形容词或过去分词(如 sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied)后所接的宾语从句中，连词that可省略.My parents were very pleased (that)I had passed the exam.1 .定语从句的省略定语从句中可以省略作宾语的关系代词;在非正式文体中，也可省略关系副词when和why; 关系代词as后面的主谓成分或助动词be也可省略.She is the one (whom) we say the other day.Her work changed the way (that) people think about chimps.She gave the same answer as (she had given) before.2 .状语从句中的省略在 as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until 等弓I导的状 语从句中,假设谓语局部含be动词,而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时,状语从 句中的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略.All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.3 .动词不定式的省略在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省 略;在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时,通常省 略该动作而保存不定式符号to.The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.4 . so/not构成替代省略英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否认内容，so/not多跟在I'm afraid, I hope, I think, I guess, I believe 等开头的答句中.一Do you think it will rain?你认为会下雨吗？I hope so/not.我希望下/不下.6.常用的if相关的省略结构if ever如果曾经发生过的话if busy如果忙的话if anything如果有什么不同if possible如果可能的话if so如果这样的话if not如果不的话if necessary如果必要的话