语法专题二第1课名词学案(2).docx

第1课名词语法自测-看高考怎么考单句语法填空1. (2020 ,新高考全国卷 I )Historical accuracy (accurate) is importcint but so is entertainment.2. (2020 ,全国卷 I )The far side of the moon is of particular interest (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so than the familiar near side.3. (2020 ,全国卷II)Chinese New Year is a celebration (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.4. (2020 ,全国卷IH) Fil led with curiosity (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.5. (2020 ,浙江卷)Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉)their fields.6. (2019 ,全国卷 I ) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief (believe) that populations are increasing.7. (2019 "全国卷HD When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.8. (2019 ,北京卷)No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various aclivilies (activity) on Earth Day.9. . (2019 , 浙江卷)0ther Americcin studies showed no connect ion/connect ions (connect) between uniforms and school performance.10. (2018 ,全国卷 H)This switch has decreased pollution (pollute) in the country, s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.11. (2018 ,全国卷HDMy name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a scientist (science) whostudies animals such as apes and monkeys.12. (2018 ,江苏卷改编)Try to understand what's actually happening instead ofacting on the assumption (assume) you've made.要点突破一一知内容有哪些考点1名词的数/1 .可数名词（1）可数名词变复数的规则变化构成方法例词一般在词尾加-smap-*maps, sea-*seas, girl-*girls, day-*days以-s, -X, -ch, -sh结尾的名 词后加-es（如果词尾-ch发音 为/k/,要加-s,如 stomach）class-*classes, box-*boxes, watch-*watches, dishf dishes以-f或-fe 结尾的词变-f或-fe为-v,再加-esleaf-*leaves , knife -* knives , wife 一 wives, woIf-*woIves, life-*lives, thief thieves加sbelieffbeliefs, chiefchiefs, proof-* proofs, roof-*roofs, gulf-*gulfs, safe safes以辅音字母加7结尾的名词， 变-y为-i加-esparty-*parties, family->families, story-stories以元音字母加-y结尾的名词，加-stoy->toys, boy-*boys, day-days> ray-> rays续表构成方法例词以辅音字母加。结尾的名词一般加-esheroheroes, potato-*potatoes, tomato-*tomatoes不少外来词加-spianopianos,(2)可数名词变复数的不规则变化photo-*photos, kilo-kilos两者皆可volcano-*vo1 canoes/vo1canos以元音字母加0结尾的名词加sradio-*radios, bamboo-*bamboos, zoo-*zoos以-th结尾的名词加-struth-*truths, mouth-*mouths, month-months构成方法例词词形变化child-children, ox-*oxen man-*men, woman-*women, footf feet, goose-geese. mouse-*mice单复数同形sheep, deer, series, means, species,Chinese复合名词的复数son- in- law-*sons- in- law, grown- up-*grown- ups, man servant-*men servants2 .不可数名词(1)常考的不可数名词advice建议；equipment装备；experience经验(注:作“经历”讲时可数)；exercise 锻炼(注：作“练习；体操”讲时可数)；fun开心、快乐的事；furniture家具； news/information/word 消息，新闻；baggcige/luggage 行李；progress 进步；practice 练习；wealth财富，富裕；knowledge知识；jewelry珠宝；change零钱(注：作"变化” 讲时为可数名词)(2)抽象名词的具体化抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常见的和常考的有：单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物success成功成功的人或事failure失败失败的人或事honor荣幸令人荣幸的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情delight高兴令人高兴的事情surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事情即时训练单句语法填空1. Wc usually expect Hollywood heroes (hero) to show up on our screens and defeat the bad guys.2. During the festivaL which lasts three or four days, people are dressed in their best clothes and participate in a variety of rich and colourful activities (activity).考点 2 名词所有格 /有生命名词不以s结尾的名词加'schildren, s books以S结尾的复数名词加the girls* dormitory以S结尾的单数名词加's或our boss* office无生命名词通常用Of所有格表示the capital of Peru表示时间、距离、国家、城市、Beijing's parks双重所有格名词+ of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词a friend of myfather's点拨(1)并列的名词变所有格时，若表示不同的所有关系，则分别在两个名词后加-'s；如果表示共有关系，则只在最后一个名词后加-'s。如：Kate and Mary's room凯特和玛丽共有的房间Kate's and Mary* s rooms凯特和玛丽各自的房间(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop, house, home等常省去。如：at the doctor* s (office)在(医生的)诊所里at the barber* s (shop)在理发店at Mr. Green, s (house)在格林先生家即时训练单句语法填空1. He would go to his aunt's (aunt) and have dinner there every Saturday.2. That naughty boy of Bi 11' s (Bill) is always making so much noise.3. Since most students are in need of a nap, proper arrangements should be made so that students can have a good rest after a who 1 e morning's (morning) hard work.技巧点拨-析典题如何考技巧1词性转换题：“句子成分”是关键/1 .如果要填的词在句中作主语、宾语或表语，要考虑名词形式。示例 lShe took me from poor and unhappy world into hers： a world of smiles, love and (warm).解析：根据句子结构可知，此处为介词of的宾语，表示“一个充满微笑、爱和温暖的 世界”，再结合空前的smiles和love可知该空要用名词作宾语。warm的名词是加后缀-th, 在此为不可数名词。答案：warmth2 .如果要填的词被形容词、定冠词或形容词性物主代词所修饰，要考虑名词形式。示例 2Drivcn by the (curious) in my heart, I came to China and took part in a cruise (乘船度假)along part of the river last year.解析：curious为形容词，由前面的定冠词the可知，此处应用名词，driven by the curiosity意为“受好奇心驱使”。答案：curiosity技巧2名词复数题：“牢记规则”辨是非1 .如果空格处被 these, those, several, many, all, both, a pair of, a variety of, one of, different和数词等修饰时，要考虑名词的复数形式。示例 3 I decided to label one of my small (purse), which I actually had with me that day» with her name, along with some cash inside and an encouraging note.解析：由空前的。ne of可知应填复数形式，故用purses。答案：purses2 .如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are,要考虑用名词的复数形式。示例 4While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us, the (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.解析：根据句子结构可知，此处为句子的主语，由空后的谓语动词are可知应填发数形 式，故用changes o答案：changes3 .根据常识和句意确定名词的复数形式。示例 5 It thinks that Chinglish may hurt people's ability to speak standard English and make it hard for them to communicate with (foreigner).解析：根据常识和句意可知此处泛指“外国人”，所以该用更数形式，故用foreignerso 答案：foreigners