2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷Ⅰ)英语.docx
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I)英语注意事项:1 .答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2 .回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。选 择 题 答 案 速 填123456789101112131415BABCACBACcBACAB161718192021222324252627282930ACBACBDDBAACDCB313233343536373839404142434445DCABAEAGCDDCCBA464748495051525354555657585960CDCABDABDACBDAB第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最 佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对 话仅读一遍。例:How much is the shirt?A. £ B. £ £答案是Co1. Where does this conversation take place?A. In a classroom.B. In a hospital.C. In a museum.by extension引申,再则(©participant/?.参加者©commercialize W.使商业化I长难句分析Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.因此,这种键盘能够确定人们的身份,进而确定他们是否应该被授予权限使用所连接的 计算机不管他们是否输入了正确的密码。分析:本句是一个主从复合句。whether they should be given access to至句末是whether 引导的宾语从句,作determine的宾语;心connected to是省略了关系代词that/which的定语 从句,修饰 the computer; whether someone gets (he password right 是 whether 弓I 导的宾语从句, 作介词of的宾语。D【语篇解读】 主题:人与社会(人际沟通);话题:青少年心理健康。本文是一篇议论 文。文章从社会心理学视角讨论青少年小学与中学阶段的成长经历,论述了个体受欢迎程度 这一青少年心理健康话题。该语篇视角独特,积极倡导和谐的人际关系和人文情怀。32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind.B. Lonely.C. Generous.D. Cool.C 推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词early years of elementary school可定位到第一段 第一句"During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes.”,彳艮 据句意和sharing一词可推知,作者上小学的时候是一个慷慨大方的人,故选C项。注意不 要受本段后几句话尤其是最后一句话的影响而错选A项,因为那是作者青少年时期的情况。33. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.A 段落大意题。根据第二段内容以及第二句的句式特点(句中有冒号),可暂时断定第 二句是本段的主旨句。而第三句和第四句分别用The likables'.和Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence.引出后文内容,恰恰就是介绍了受欢迎的两类人:讨人 喜欢型和追求地位型。同时我们发现本段第二句中的关键词sort.into.(把分成)与 A项中的classification相呼应,所以A项可以概括本段大意。I易错项分析B项以偏概全,只关注了本段的一个共键词adolescence。C项以偏概全, 只关注了本段的interpersonal skillso D项以偏概全,只关注了本段的dishonorable behavior。 这三个错误选项都没有从整体上准确概括本段的大意。34A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended (o be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academically.B 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中的“Il clearly showed (hat while likability can lead to healthy adjustment”可知,最讨人喜欢的孩子往往适应性强。B项中的adaptable与第四段 中的adjustment相呼应。35. What is the best title for the text?A. Be NiceYou Won't Finish LastB. The Higher the Status» the BetterC. Be the BestYou Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less AggressivenessA 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了研究者发现讨人喜欢与积极的人生结果有关,因此A 项作为标题最合适。注意A项中的be nice与likability, popularity, kindness等词相呼应。 be NiceYou Won'l Finish Lasl.从意义上类似于汉语的“与人为善,于己为善这里的finish 本义是“获得(名次);排名1 方法技巧标题归纳题常见干扰项类型:以偏概1全干扰项只阐述了文章的局部 信息;断章取义干扰项是文章中的个别信息或个别字眼,或者以次要的事实或细节充 当全文的主要观点,比如本题的B项(sUUus成了全文的词口艮就偏了,也就错了);主题扩 大干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大,超过文章实际所表述的内容;张冠李戴命题 者有意把属于A的特征改在B的身上;无中生有或似是而非有的干扰项中的关键词 语好像在文章中提到了,但认真分析之后会发现这些内容与文章毫无联系,比如本题的C 项(be the best”做最好的自己”与本文词眼likable并不是一个概念),还有D项(self-control”自 制力''属于无中生有,原文中未提及)。 练后拾词status”.地位,身份©mean adj.刻薄的category 种类®j ump-star( vt.启动,促进©interpersonal adj.人际的,人与人之间的©enviable (的.令人羡慕的©consequence n.名吉果 长难句分析Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage.被人喜欢会为学习和各种新的人生体验创造机会,这有助于一个人获得优势。分析:本句是一个主从复合句。句中being liked是动名词的被动式作主语,that help somebody gain an advantage 是 that 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 experiences。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air." 36 According (o recent studies, the answer is a big YES» if the air quality in your camping area is good.37Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈).3839 It gives us a great feeling of peace.40A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.B. So what are you waiting for?C. Being in nature refreshes us.D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.G. All across the country > recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.【语篇解读】主题:人与自我(生活);话题:健康。本文是一篇说明文,介绍了呼吸新鲜空气和接近大自然有益于身心健康。36. E 关联逻辑法解题。空格前一句说我们都是听着人们说的“出去呼吸点儿新鲜空 气”长大的,空格后一句说答案是肯定的。由此可判断E项“但是新鲜空气真的像你妈妈总说 的那样对你有好处吗?符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理解类。37. A 设题位置法解题。根据空格后的内容可知,如果人们呼吸的空气是干净的, 那么空气中就充满了维持生命的、让人充满活力的氧气。如果在户外锻炼,人的身体会学会 深呼吸,让更多的氧气进入肌肉和大脑。所以本段主要说的是呼吸新鲜空气的好处,故A 项“新鲜空气清洁我们的肺”符合语境。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。38. G 词汇锁定法解题。空格后的these places与G项中的recovery centers相呼应, 因此G项“全国各地的康复中心已经开始建造康复花园”符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理 解类。39. C 关联逻辑法解题。空格前介绍了接近大自然、看绿色植物对病人的康复有益, 空格后一句说“它给我们一种非常好的内心平和的感觉”,由此可推断出空格处应该表达置身 于大自然的好处,故选C项“置身于大自然使我们精神焕发本设空类型为细节理解类。40. D 设题位置法解题。空格后一句说,虽然阳光会使我们的皮肤衰老并受到伤害, 但阳光也能带来有益的维生素D。这应该是呼吸新鲜空气附带的好处,故D项“呼吸新鲜空 气的另一个附带好处是阳光”符合语境,D项中的sunlight与空格后的the sun's rays相呼应。 本设空类型属于段落主题句类。练后拾词be filled with 充满It turns out that.结果是,证明是be likely to do sth.可能做某事age w.使变老熟词生义absorb vt.吸收C夜体、气体等)第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。414243 of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories, I'm 44 about the place一other destinations are described as “purer“ natural experiences.However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 464748 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be49 .The best of a Kilimanjaro 505152 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as5354555657 : gravel(砾石),stones and rocks. 58 you climb into anarctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining (he atmosphere of peace ? I found the opposite to be true.【语篇解读】 主题:人与自然(环境保护);话题:乞力马扎罗山。本文是一篇记叙文。 文章讲述了非洲乞力马扎罗山的环境污染以及当地机构努力治理之后环境的改观情况。该语 篇能激发深入思考,关注自然和生态,探索人与自然的和谐相处之道。41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bringD 上文语境题。根据第一句"Every year about 40 , 000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro.”可知,每年大约有4万人试图攀登乞力马扎罗山,所以他们攀登的时候带来(bring) 了很多垃圾。42. A. storiesB. buildingsC. crowdsD. reportersC 上文语境题。联系上文中的“about 40 , 000 people”可知,这些人群(crowds)有可能 破坏这个地方的美。43. A. positionB. ageC. faceD. nameC 上文语境题。联系上文中的,The glaciers disappearing”可知,冰川的消失正在改 变乞力马扎罗山的面貌(face)。44. A. silentB. skepticalC. seriousD. crazyB 下文语境题。联系下文“other destinations are described as'purer'natural experiences, 可知,其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验,所以作者对乞力马扎罗山被严重破坏的报 道表示怀疑(skeptical)。be skeptical about 表示怀疑。silent 沉默的;serious 严肃的;crazy疯狂的。45. A. discoverB. argueC. decideD. advocateA 下文语境题。联系下文的“much has changed”可知,作者发现(discover)了乞力马扎 罗山的变化。argue争论;decide决定;advocate提倡。46. A.equipmentB.grassC.campsD.stonesC 下文语境题。联系下文中的“with toilets at camps”可知,这里报道的是营地(camp)。47. A.remoteB.quietC.tallD.cleanD 上下文语境题。联系上文However(然而)及下文“with toilets at camps and along the paths(营地和路边都有厕所)”可推知,作者看到的是干净的(clean)山。48. A. newB. specialC. significantD. necessaryC 上文语境题。上文提到乞力马扎罗山有众多游客,而且有很多垃圾,还有令人心 烦的诸多报道,由此可知,这里面临的环境挑战是重大的(significan。new新的;special 特殊的:necessary有必要的。49. A. paying offB. spreading outC. blowing upD. fading awayA 上文语境题。联系前文的"wilh toilels at camps and along the palhs”可知,坦桑尼亚 国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在奏效(pay off) o spread out展开:blow up爆炸:fade away 逐渐消失。知识链接pay off取得成功,奏效;还清债务pay back偿还(欠款);报复pay for支付pay attention to 注意pay a visit to 参观,拜访50. A. atmosphereB. experienceC. experimentD. sightB 下文语境题。联系下文reaching the top可知,作者认为乞力马扎罗山最好的爬山体 验(experience)并不是登顶。atmosphere 气氛;experiment 实验;sight 视线。51. A. studiedB. observedC. exploredD. regardedD 下文语境题。联系空后的“by many cultures”可知,山在很多文化中被看作是(regard) 灵魂之地,be regarded as被看作是。study研究;observe观察;explore探索。52. A. viewB. qualityC. reasonD. purposeA 上下文语境题。结合上文的“文化观",再联系下文的“go through five ecosystems” 可知,这种“经历五种生态系统”的景色(view)在乞力马扎罗山表现尤为明显。quality品质; reason 原 因:purpose 目的。53. A. scientistsB. climbersC. localsD. officialsB 上文语境题。联系上文的“Every year about 40> 000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro.”可知,爬山的人(climbers)可以经历五种生态系统。scientist科学家:local本地 人;official 官员。54. A. holding on toB. going back toC. living up toD. giving way toD 上文语境题。联系上文的“It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters”可知,热带雨林在3 000 米处突然中止,取而代之的是生长着低矮植物的土地。givewayto意为“被代替”,符合 语境。hold on to 坚持;go back lo 回到;live up to 不辜负。55. A. changesB. clearsC. improvesD. permitsA 上下文语境题。上文介绍了五种生态系统中的两种,再联系下文的“low clouds envelop the mountainsides”可知,在这里气候又发生了 变化(change)。clear 清除:improve 改 善;permit允许。56. A. matchB. imagineC. countD. addC 下文语境题。联系空后的“twelve shades of green”可知,作者数出了 (count) 12种绿 色。57. A. villageB. desertC. roadD. lakeB 下文语境题。联系冒号后的“gravel, stones and rocks”可知,4 000米以上是荒漠 (desert) o 58. A. ObviouslyB. EasilyC. ConsequentlyD. FinallyD 上下文语境题。上文介绍了从山下到上的五个生态系统,所以这里说最后(finally) 爬到了 一个像北极阉一样的区域。obviously明显地;easily容易地;consequently因此,所 以。59. A. permanentB. littleC. freshD. artificialA 上文语境题。联系上文的“climb into an arctic-like zone”可知,攀登者到了一个像北 极圈的地方,所以这里是指常年枳雪。permanent意为“永久的,永恒的”,符合语境。little 少的;fresh新鲜的;artificial人造的。60. A. enjoyB. deserveC. saveD. acquireB 下文语境题。联系下文的“I found the opposite to be true.”可知,作者在这里进行反 问:乞力马扎罗山真的应该获得(deserve)游人如织,破坏了其平和景象的拥挤山脉这一名声 吗?知识链接deserve的用法:deserve后接不定式,若该动词表示主动意义,则用不定式的主动式,即deserve to do sth.; 若该动词表示被动意义,则用不定式的被动式。如:Those who work deserve to eat.劳动者该 得食。deserve doing(主动表被动)=deserve to be done。如:He deserved punishing. = He deserved to be punished.他应该受到惩罚。.练后拾词attempt M企图,试图;尝试©destination n.目的地be described as被描述为pure adj.纯净的;纯粹的disturbing adj.令人不安的;烦扰的©significant adj.重大的©abruptly adv.突然地;唐突地I长难句分析The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.环境挑战是重大的,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在奏效。分析:本句是由but连接的并列句。后一分句中,made by the Tanzania National Park Authority是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰efforts<.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入I个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。2. .62.(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there arc about 20, 000 25, 000 polar bears worldwide.Modern methods 63. tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and arc expensive 64.65.(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading (o a 66.67.(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚 集)around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are 68.69.nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70.(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【语篇解读】主题:人与自然(自然生态);话题:北极熊现状。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极熊种群数量越来越少、亟须保护的现状O61. that 考查同住语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导同位语从句, 解释说明evidence的具体内容,从句中不然少成分且意义完整,故用that引导。62. poorly 考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词 形式 poorly。知识链接形容词变副词的方法:多数形容词变副词是直接加-ly : careful>carefullyhopefulhopefullyextremeextremely辅音字母加 y 结尾的,变 y 为 i,再加-ly: happyhappily necessarynecessarily-le 结尾的,变-le 为-ly: simple>simply possible>possibly probableprobably terrible*terribly63. of/for 考查介词。a method of/for doing sth.做某事的方法。64. to perforin 考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语+ be + <.+不定式”结构,不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。65. have reported 考查时态。根据句中的时间状语in recent years可判断用现在完成 时。66. belief 考查词性转换(动词变名词)。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知,此处应填believe 的名词形式belief(看法,信念)。J67. noting 考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词时,应用其动名词形式。respond by doing sth.通过做某事回应。68. higher 考查形容词比较级。根据空格后的than可知,此处应用high的比较级形 式 highero 69. the 考查冠词。此处特指确认的19个亚种群,故用定好词the。70. are 考查时态和主调一致。此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;six指代“six polar bear subpopulations'',谓语动词应用复数。第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(八),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。答案Iinteresting where 八 , ,. ., 如 buthardlysurprising playerI became r-:rootball tell just in front of me rrf: . oninterested whenaJand hard surprise playersthe playground cheered loudly,say now ,.sayingthen 皿 I started to play ifky【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为一次小“意外”而喜欢上足球运 动的故事。71. interesting>interestedbecome interested in 变得对感兴趣。知识链接-ing形容词多用于描述事物本身具有的特征,意为“令人的”;-ed形 容词多用于说明人的感受,意为“感到的72. where一when-one afternoon是表示时间的名词,后面的定语从句应用when引导。73. fooiball 前力Ua此处是泛指“一个足球”,应用不定冠词a。74. but>and“一个足球正好落在我面前”与“差点儿打到我”之间是顺承关系,故用并列连词and。75. hardly>hard此处表示“用力把足球踢回操场“,应用hard(adi,.用力地)。hardly意为“几乎不”。76. surprisingsurpriseto ones surprise令某人惊讶的是。77. player>players根据前面的all可知,player应用复数形式playerso78. say>saying分析句子结构可知,cheered是谓语动词,say前没有并列连词and等,所以say只能用 非谓语动词形式:主语与say之间是主动关系,故用现在分词短语作状语。79. now>thcn文章讲述的是过去发生的事情,应该用from then on,意为“从那时起"。from now on 意为“从现在起”。80. 去掉myplay fooiball 踢足球。第二节 书面表达(满分25分)假定你是李华,暑假在伦敦学习,得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封信申请做 志愿者,内容包括:1 .写信目的;2 .个人优势;3 .能做的事情。注意:1 .词数100左右;2 .可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3 .结束语已为你写好。2. What does Jack want to do?A. Take fitness classes.B. Buy a pair of gym shoes.C. Change his work schedule.3. What arc the speakers talking about?A. What to drink.B. Where to meet.C. When to leave.4. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Colleagues.B. Classmales.C. Strangers.5. Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation?A. She might want a ticket.B. She is looking for the man.C. She has an extra ticket.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个 选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听 完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6. How long did Janies run his business?A. 1() years.B. 13 years.C. 15 years.7. How does the woman feel about James' situation?A. Embarrassed.B. Concerned.C. Disappointed.听第7段材料,回答第8至1()题。8. What has Kate's mother decided to do?A. Return to school.8. Change her job.9. Retire from work.Yours,Li Hua参考范文Dear Sir/Madam,Yours,Li Hua名师点评(1)范文格式正确,要点齐全,内容全面,行文连贯,细节补充恰当合理。(2)范文词汇运用灵活,围绕“志愿”二字,使用不同的词语和词性,以避免重复。例如: do some voluntary work, asking to be a volunteer, would like to volunteer to help 等。还有 introduce.spread.and strengthen这些动词的非比连用。(3)范文适度运用英文常见的表达句式,注重请求和委婉表达。例如:I'm glad to learn that.1 would like to do.I am writing (his letter asking to be.I would appreciate it if you could.(4)更难能可贵的是,范文旨在借助“做志愿者”介绍中国绘画,传播中国文化,弘扬中 国文明,加强世界交流。让中国走向世界,让世界了解中国,体现民族意识和人文精神。把 一篇普通的英语作文推向更高的境界!9. What did Kate's mother study at college?A. Oil painting.B. Art history.C. Business administration.10. What is Kate's attitude towa