高二下学期英语期末考试复习.pdf
20182018 高二下学期英语期末考试复习高二下学期英语期末考试复习Unit4Unit4Body languageBody language一单词考点Section A Warming-up,Reading&Comprehending1.statementnC,U声明，陈述，报告；说明；表白搭配：a statement on/about sth.关于某事/某物的声明(陈述)make/issue a statement发表声明a public/a written/an official statement公开/书面/正式声明eg:A government spokesman made a statement to the press about this accident.注：statev“陈述，阐明，声明；指定(日期、地点、价钱等)”n“状态，状况，情况”eg:The spokesman stated that the treaty(条约)would be signed on 15th June.The room was in a very dirty state.2.greetvt“(和某人)打招呼或问好；欢迎；迎接”搭配：greet sb.with.用向某人打招呼(欢迎某人)eg:We greeted our teacher with a smile.3.representvt用法“代表；象征，表示”eg:A dove(鸽子)represents peace.描绘；成为实例搭配：represent.as.把描绘成represent sth.to sb.向某人描绘某事/某物represent oneself as/to be.自称是eg:He presents himself as a friend of the president.He represented his country at the conference.区别：represent,stand forrepresent“表示，代表，说明”多用于实体代表，有被动。stand for“代表，意味”多用于抽象事物代表。一般指符号或标志等，无被动。eg:The dove represents peace.U.N stands for the United Nations.4.associationn的用法C协会，社团，联盟(注：作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。)eg:We formed an association to help people in trouble.C,U(与某人、社团或组织的)联系，关联；交往搭配：in association with.与联合/合作have(no)association with.与有(没有)联系eg:He has no association with foreigners.注：associatevt“联系；结合”搭配：associate.with.把与结合起来be associated with 与有联系eg:He associates politics with war.5.curiouslyadvcuriousadj好奇的，求知欲强的curiosityn好奇心搭配：be curious about.对好奇be curious to do.极想做in/with curiosity好奇的out of curiosity出于好奇eg:People are curious about everything they see.6.approach 的用法作 n 时，C“路径，道路，通道”；“(待人接物或思考问题的)方法，方式，态度”U“接近，靠近(可指距离或时间)”搭配：an approach to sth.做某事的方式/方法eg:The best approach to learning a foreign language is the study of the spoken English.All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.Our approach frightened the birds away.“接近，靠近(可指距离或时间)”eg:Spring is coming.注：与 approach一样可以与介词to搭配的名词有：answer/key,entrance,visit(or),way/road,guide,monument 等。区别：approach,way,means,methodapproach 指接近某人、某物，也可指待人接物或思考问题的方式、方法。常与介词 to 连用。way 多指一般的思想、行动、做事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。其前的介词常用 in，其后的介词用 of,也可跟不定式。means 用于抽象意义时，指为达到某一目的所采用的策略；用于具体意义时，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料等。其前介词用by，其后介词用 of。method 指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法。其前介词用with,其后介词用 of。7.defencenU防御；保卫；辩护搭配：come/rush to ones defence 出来保护某人in defence(of)保护；为了保卫()；为辩护in ones defence 站在某人一边；为某人辩护eg:Two of his friends came to her defence.注：defendvt“保护，保卫；辩护”搭配：defend.from/against.保护/保卫免受；为辩解而反驳eg:Their duty is to defend the country against the enemy.8.major 的用法作 adj 时，“主要的，重要的；大的(一般作前置定语)”搭配：play a major role in sth.在某事中起主要作用eg:A major earthquake happened in Japan on March 11th,2011.作 n 时，C“主修课程；专业课”eg:His major is economics at college.作 vi 时，“主修”搭配：major in 主修eg:She majors in management.That is,her major is management.注：major及其反义词 minor都无比较级，与 to连用；而不与 than连用。此类词还有superior(优秀的，高级的)；senior(年长的)；junior(年少的)；inferior(较差的，级别低的)。区别：major,main,chief,leadingmajor 指几方中某一方比较重要，比较有影响力。main 强调在一系列事物中，数量、规模、功能及重要性都大于其他同类事物。chief 主要用于表示人或物在顺序或级别方面占首位。leading 指人或物在某方面起带头作用或占主导地位。9.misunderstandingnC,U“误解，误会”搭配：misunderstanding of/about sth.关于某事的误会misunderstanding between A and B A 与 B 之间的误解eg:We had a little misunderstanding with our neighbors last night.10.on the contrary“与此相反，正相反”用于说明与前面所述事情相反；作状语时，位置灵活。eg:I think you like rock music.On the contrary,it s too noisy.contrary 短语：to the contrary 完全不同的(地)(be)on the contrary与相反be contrary to sth.与相反quite the contrary正相反，恰恰相反11.misunderstandvt误解；误会misunderstandingn误解；误会eg:He misunderstood what I said.12.be likely to do sth.可能做某事eg:In my opinion,he is likely to win the game.区别：likely,possible,probable根据程度差别的大小，排序为：probable(十有八九)likely(十有五六)possible(十有一二).以人或物作主语时，只能用likely.likely 用法为:It is likely that 从句.或 Sb./Sth.is likely to do.It is probable that 从句.It is possible that从句/(for sb.)to do(注：作表语时，主语不能是人。)13.in general(=generally speaking)“总地来说；从整体上看”“通常；大体上”作插入语，一般位于句首。eg:In general,the standard of your study is very high.I think people now are giving much thought to(关注)the environment.Section C Using Language1.misreadvt(misread,misread)“读错，误读”“误解”搭配：misread.as.把误读为eg:I misread“son”as“soon”.He saw me hesitate and misread the situation.2.function 的用法作 n 时，C“作用，功能，职责”搭配：perform many different functions履行许多不同的职责perform an important function起重要作用perform/serve a function尽到职责eg:The function of a cash-machine is to provide people with cash when the bank is shut.作 vi 时，“起作用；正常工作；运转”搭配：function as 起作用，具有功能eg:The sofa functions as a bed at night.This sofa can also function as a bed.3.at ease“舒适，不费力气，放心，轻松”搭配：with ease“容易地”put sb.at ease 使不受拘束，使舒适take ones ease休息，放松一下stand at ease 稍息eg:When you feel nervous,youd better listen to some light music to put yourself at ease.其中：easenU舒适，安逸，自在；容易，不费劲easev减轻，缓解，(使)宽慰；缓和，放松eg:I eased her mind by telling her that the children were safe.4.lose face 丢脸；失面子eg:Tom felt he lost face when his teacher scolded him in front of the class.face 短语：in the face of.面对；不顾；尽管face to face 面对面地look sb.in the face直视某人make a face 做鬼脸save ones face 挽回面子show ones face 露面，到场to ones face 当着某人的面，直接地，直率地5.turn ones back to sb./sth.转身背对某人/某物；背叛，抛弃eg:When on stage,try not to turn your back to the audience.Why did you suddenly turn your back to our appointment?有关 turn 构成的短语：turn on 打开turn down 调低；拒绝turn up 调高；出现，露面turn off 关掉turn over 翻转；移交turn out 结果是；生产；出席，在场turn back 翻回；折回去turn away 转过脸去turn to 转向；向求助turn(a)round 转身，(使)好转turn a deaf ear to sth.对充耳不闻(置若罔闻)turn ones nose up at sth.瞧不起(轻视)shut/close ones eyes to sth.对视而不见6.look away from 不看，不注视；把目光从上移开eg:Dont look away from me when Im speaking to you.有关 look 的短语：look back on sth.回忆/回顾/回首某事look down on/upon sb./sth.轻视/看不起look forward to sb./sth.(高兴地)盼望/期待look out for sb./sth.当心/提防look to sb.for sth.指望/依赖/期待某人提供look on sb./sth.as.把看作7.表示部分否定的几种形式not always.并非总是not all.不是所有都not.all.不所有(=all.not.)not both.并非两者都(both.not.)not every(-).不所有not every(-).不是每个都eg:He is not always late for school.I didnt take all the photos by myself.注：对以上进行全部否定时，要用与之相对应的否定词none,neither,never,no(-)。eg:He is never late for school.None of them can make wine.二课文考点Section A Warming-up,Reading&Comprehending1.introduce“介绍”“引进，引入，使初次了解”introductionnC“介绍，引进”搭配：introduce sb.to sb.把某人介绍给某人introduce.to.使初次了解/尝试introduce oneself to sb.向某人作自我介绍introduce sth.into someplace.把某物引入某地eg:Id like to introduce my friend to you.2.kiss sb.on the cheek 亲吻某人的脸颊eg:The mother kissed her child on the cheek and said good night.注：常用 vt.+sb.+in/on/by.+the+人体部位结构的动词有：hit/strike/touch/pat/take/pull/grasp/hold/lead 等。3.appear系动词“看来，似乎，好像”的用法搭配：appear n/adj/to do 好像It appears that.似乎There appears to be.好像eg:It appears that we have misread our chance.She didnt appear at all surprised at the news.There appears to be a mistake in these figures.4.as if in defence.的用法本句是省略句式。在交际时，为了简练而不引起歧义，常使用省略句。eg:Ill ask you for help if(it is)necessary.注：类似的省略句式有 if so/if not/if possible/if necessary/if any/if any等。3.book“预定”“给(某人)预定飞机等座位”的用法eg:Ive booked you on the 10 oclock flight.区别：book,orderbook 指预定“票、座位、房间等”。order 指订购“货物、饭菜、衣物等”。4.mean“意欲，打算”“意味着，意思是”“具有价值(重要性)”“有成为可能”的用法搭配：mean(doing)sth.意味着，意思是mean to do sth.意欲做某事，打算做某事mean sb.to do sth.打算要某人做某事mean sth.to sb.对某人有价值或重要mean sb.for sth.想要某人成为eg:Im sorry I hurt you,but I didnt mean to.To a certain extent,to raise wages means increasing purchasing power.5.from side to side 从一边到另一边，来来回回eg:The cows tail flicks(甩)from side to side.注：from.to.的常用结构from cover to cover从头到尾from day to day一天一天地from door to door 挨家挨户from first to last自始至终from house to house 挨家挨户from head to foot从头到脚from mouth to mouth口口相传from morning to night从早到晚from top to bottom从头到脚from time to time有时，偶尔from beginning to end 自始至终from west to east 从西到东from hand to hand 从一人之手到另一人之手side by side 肩并肩；相互支持shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩；并肩工作、战斗等，团结一致6.be wrong about 误解，弄错eg:You were wrong about Tom;he s not married.有关 wrong 的短语：be wrong to do sth.做某事是不道德的be wrong with sb./sth.某人/物有毛病/不正常do wrong to sb.(=do sb.wrong)误解某人，不公正地对待某人go wrong 犯错误，出故障Section C Using Language1.it 作形式主语it作形式主语代替真正的主语不定式(或不定式的复合结构)，动名词(动名词的复合结构)或从句。常用结构为：Its+adj.+for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是的。Its+adj.+of sb.to do sth.某人做某事是。Its no use doing sth.做某事没有用。It will be useless doing sth.做某事将没有用。Its said/reported/believed/announced that从句.据说/据报道/有人认为/据宣布。Its a pity/shame/wonder that 从句.可惜/遗憾/奇怪的是。It happens/appears/seems(vi)that从句.恰巧/看上去/好像It doesnt interest me whether 从句.能否我并不感兴趣。Its up to sb.to do sth.做是某人的义务/职责。2.thoughadv.“不过，可是”，用于句中或句末。另外，though 可作连词用，“尽管”(=although=while=as)；但as 作“尽管”要用倒装结构。eg:Two heart attacks in a year.it hasnt stopped him smoking though.三语法知识V.-ing形式作定语和状语
