both--either--neither用法各不同.pdf
both-either-neitherboth-either-neither 用法各用法各不同不同both,either,neitherboth,either,neither用法各不同用法各不同both,either,neitherboth,either,neither 这三个词都可以作代词这三个词都可以作代词及形容词,及形容词,在考试中频频亮相,在考试中频频亮相,许多同学都容易许多同学都容易将他们混淆,将他们混淆,现将它们的用法归纳如下,现将它们的用法归纳如下,让大家让大家看个明白,看个明白,轻轻松松掌握它们的词义、轻轻松松掌握它们的词义、词性及用词性及用法。法。简表说明:简表说明:补充说明:补充说明:bothboth 意思是意思是 两者都两者都,eithereither 意思是意思是 两者两者中的任何一个中的任何一个,neitherneither 意思是意思是 两者都不两者都不,三三个词在句中都可以充当主语、个词在句中都可以充当主语、宾语、宾语、定语和同位定语和同位语。语。作主语时,可单独使用,也可以与作主语时,可单独使用,也可以与 ofof 连连用,其中用,其中 bothboth 接谓语动词要求用复数形式;接谓语动词要求用复数形式;eithereither,neitherneither 接谓语动词一般用单数形式,但接谓语动词一般用单数形式,但这两者在口语中作主语时,这两者在口语中作主语时,其后的谓语动词也可其后的谓语动词也可以用复数。例如:以用复数。例如:BothBoth areare right.=right.=BothBoth ofof thethe answersanswers areareright.right.这两个答案都对。这两个答案都对。Either(ofEither(of them)isthem)is OK.OK.(他们两个中他们两个中)任何一任何一个都行。个都行。作宾语作宾语,可单独使用,也可以与可单独使用,也可以与 ofof 连用,连用,放在动词或介词之后。例如:放在动词或介词之后。例如:I I dontdont knowknow whichwhich bookbook is is thethe betterbetter;I Ishall read both.shall read both.我不知道这两本书哪一本好,所我不知道这两本书哪一本好,所以我两本都读。以我两本都读。I like neither.(I like neither.(两个两个)我一个也不喜欢。我一个也不喜欢。作定语,作定语,bothboth 后面接复数名词后面接复数名词,either,either 和和neitherneither 后面接单数名词。例如:后面接单数名词。例如:Both answers are right.Both answers are right.两个答案都对。两个答案都对。On either side of the river there are a lot ofOn either side of the river there are a lot oftrees.trees.河的两边都有许多树。河的两边都有许多树。NeitherNeither boyboy is is goinggoing there.there.两个男孩儿都不两个男孩儿都不打算去那里。打算去那里。bothboth 作主语的同位语,一般放在实义动作主语的同位语,一般放在实义动词前,系动词词前,系动词 bebe、情态动词、助动词后;作宾、情态动词、助动词后;作宾语的同位语,直接放在其后语的同位语,直接放在其后(either(either 和和 neitherneither 做做同位语的情况较少同位语的情况较少)。例如:。例如:You must both come over this evening.You must both come over this evening.你们你们俩今晚必须都过来一趟。俩今晚必须都过来一趟。(作主语作主语 youyou 的同位语的同位语)WeWe areare bothboth fromfrom Chongqing.Chongqing.我们两个都我们两个都来自重庆。来自重庆。(作主语作主语 wewe 的同位语的同位语)HeHe helpedhelped usus both.both.他帮助了我们两个人。他帮助了我们两个人。(作宾语作宾语 usus 的同位语的同位语)相关链接:相关链接:both.both.and.and.可以翻译成可以翻译成 和两个都和两个都、又又又又、既要既要又要又要 ;either.either.or.or.意思是意思是 或者或或者或者者 ,neither.neither.nor.nor.意思是意思是 既不也既不也不不,这三者都是连词,可以连接名词、代,这三者都是连词,可以连接名词、代词、形容词、动词和介词短语等。词、形容词、动词和介词短语等。both.both.and.and.连接名词、连接名词、代词作主语时,代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;谓语动词用复数形式;neither.nor.neither.nor.连接名词、连接名词、代词作主语时,代词作主语时,谓语动谓语动词须与词须与 nornor 之后的名词保持一致;之后的名词保持一致;either.either.or.or.连接名词、连接名词、代词作主语时,代词作主语时,谓语动词要与最临近谓语动词要与最临近的主语保持一致。例如:的主语保持一致。例如:Both she and I are going to do the cleaning.Both she and I are going to do the cleaning.我和她两个都要做清洁工作。我和她两个都要做清洁工作。Mike is both tall and handsome.Mike is both tall and handsome.迈克长得又迈克长得又高又帅。高又帅。In the program tonight Mary will both singIn the program tonight Mary will both singand dance.and dance.在今天晚上的节目中,玛丽既要在今天晚上的节目中,玛丽既要唱歌又要跳舞。唱歌又要跳舞。You may either stay or go.You may either stay or go.你可以走,你可以走,也可以也可以留下。留下。Either you or I am wrong.Either you or I am wrong.不是你错,不是你错,就是我就是我错。错。HeHe neitherneither drinksdrinks nornor smokes.smokes.他既不吸烟他既不吸烟也不喝酒。也不喝酒。NeitherNeither hehe nornor I I amam well-educated.well-educated.他和我他和我都没有受过良好的教育。都没有受过良好的教育。Exercises:Exercises:根据所给汉语提示,完成下列句子:根据所给汉语提示,完成下列句子:1.1.我既对英语感兴趣又对汉语感兴趣。我既对英语感兴趣又对汉语感兴趣。Im interested in _ English _Im interested in _ English _Chinese.Chinese.2.2.汤姆和玛丽都不知道该怎样做这个工作。汤姆和玛丽都不知道该怎样做这个工作。_ TomTom _ MaryMary knowsknows howhowto do the work.to do the work.3.3.这两条路你随便走哪一条都可以。这两条路你随便走哪一条都可以。You may take _ of the roads.You may take _ of the roads.4.4.或者你去,或者我去。或者你去,或者我去。_ you_ I am going there._ you_ I am going there.5.5.这两本书对我来讲都没有用处。这两本书对我来讲都没有用处。_ of the books is useful to me._ of the books is useful to me.both,either,neitherboth,either,neither用法各不同参考答案:用法各不同参考答案:1.1.both,both,andand 2.2.Neither,Neither,nornor 3.3.eithereither 4.4.Either,or 5.NeitherEither,or 5.NeitherBothBoth 用法浅谈用法浅谈-BothBoth 可作形容词、代词或副词用,意思是可作形容词、代词或副词用,意思是“两个”“两个”、“双方”“双方”、“两个都”“两个都”。在句中可作主语、。在句中可作主语、宾语或同位语。宾语或同位语。如:如:Both are right.Both are right.两者都对。两者都对。(主语主语)I like both.I like both.两个我都喜欢。两个我都喜欢。(宾语宾语)BothBoth 可参与构成名词词组,也可和动词连可参与构成名词词组,也可和动词连用,用,还可与还可与 andand 构成并列连词。构成并列连词。在使用时,在使用时,要注要注意下列几点:意下列几点:一、一、BothBoth 和和 both ofboth of 后都可接复数名词,构后都可接复数名词,构成名词词组。但成名词词组。但 BothBoth 后的名词前可有定冠词、后的名词前可有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词作修饰限定,也可没有;指示代词或物主代词作修饰限定,也可没有;bothboth ofof 后的名词前却一定要有定冠词、指示代后的名词前却一定要有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词作修饰限定。词或物主代词作修饰限定。如:可以说如:可以说 both(the theseboth(the these,her)childrenher)children;也可以说也可以说 both of the(theseboth of the(these,her)childrenher)children;但一;但一般不说般不说 both of childrenboth of children。Both ofBoth of 后可接人称代词宾格,后可接人称代词宾格,bothboth 后则不后则不可;可;但人称代词宾格后可接但人称代词宾格后可接 bothboth。可以说可以说 both ofboth ofus(youus(you,them)them),一般不说,一般不说 both us(youboth us(you,them)them),但可以说但可以说 us(youus(you,them)boththem)both。二、二、BothBoth 与动词连用时,大多数放在系动与动词连用时,大多数放在系动词词 bebe 之后,其它动词之前。之后,其它动词之前。如:如:His parents are both workers.His parents are both workers.They both enjoy reading.They both enjoy reading.若句中谓语动词包含情态动词或助动词时,若句中谓语动词包含情态动词或助动词时,bothboth 大多放在第一个情态动词或助动词之后。大多放在第一个情态动词或助动词之后。如:如:The bridges must both be built this year.The bridges must both be built this year.两座桥都必须在今年修建。两座桥都必须在今年修建。kate and Mary have both gone to English.kate and Mary have both gone to English.凯特和玛丽都去了英国。凯特和玛丽都去了英国。三、三、BothBoth 可与可与 andand 构成并列连词,连接两构成并列连词,连接两个性质相同并在句中作相同成分的并行结构。个性质相同并在句中作相同成分的并行结构。如:如:BothBoth hehe andand hishis brotherbrother areare goodgood atatEnglish.English.(连接两个主语连接两个主语)She can both dance and sing.She can both dance and sing.(连接两个连接两个谓语动词谓语动词)Mary is both kind and beautiful.Mary is both kind and beautiful.(连接连接两个表语两个表语)四、含四、含 bothboth 的句子变为否定时,是将的句子变为否定时,是将 bothboth改为改为 neitherneither。如如:当当肯肯定定句句为为 BothBoth ofof thethe boysboys areareclever.(clever.(两个男孩都聪明两个男孩都聪明)时,否定句当为时,否定句当为NeitherNeitherof the boys are clever.(of the boys are clever.(两个男孩都不聪明两个男孩都不聪明)。BothBoth后接复数名词,后接复数名词,neitherneither 后接单数名词,动词的后接单数名词,动词的人称和数也要随之变化。若把句子变为人称和数也要随之变化。若把句子变为 BothBoth ofofthe boys are not cleverthe boys are not clever,则是不完全否定。意思,则是不完全否定。意思是:是:并不是两个男孩都聪明并不是两个男孩都聪明(一个聪明一个愚笨一个聪明一个愚笨)。五、含五、含 bothbothandand的句子变为否定句时,的句子变为否定句时,将将 bothbothandand改为改为 neitherneither nor.nor.,连接的两个连接的两个部分若是名词,可以是单数,也可以是复数。部分若是名词,可以是单数,也可以是复数。如:如:I know both the man and the woman.I know both the man and the woman.我既认识那男子,也认识那妇女。我既认识那男子,也认识那妇女。I know neither the man nor the woman.I know neither the man nor the woman.我既不认识那男子,也不认识那妇女。我既不认识那男子,也不认识那妇女。BothBoth beatsbeatsandand birdsbirdswouldwould havehave thethebat as their friend.bat as their friend.Neither beats nor birds would have theNeither beats nor birds would have thebat as their friend.bat as their friend.用于连接两个表示并列关系的名词或代词。如:用于连接两个表示并列关系的名词或代词。如:BothBothNewNewYorkYorkandandLondonLondonhavehavetraffictrafficproblems.problems.纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。TheThe secretarysecretarybothboth speaksspeaks andand writeswritesSpanish.Spanish.这位秘书不但能讲而且能写西班牙语。这位秘书不但能讲而且能写西班牙语。YouYou ve given both your uncle and myself a lot ofve given both your uncle and myself a lot oftrouble.trouble.你给了你姑父和我很多麻烦。你给了你姑父和我很多麻烦。Sophia was both happy and sorry to see her.Sophia was both happy and sorry to see her.索索菲娅看到她既高兴又难过。菲娅看到她既高兴又难过。The food was both bad and insufficient.The food was both bad and insufficient.食物既食物既坏又不够吃。坏又不够吃。She was ashamed,both for herself and for Diana.She was ashamed,both for herself and for Diana.她感到羞愧,既为自己也为戴安娜。她感到羞愧,既为自己也为戴安娜。I did all this both for you and for myself.I did all this both for you and for myself.我做我做这一切是为了你,也为我自己。这一切是为了你,也为我自己。He both speaks and writes Spanish.He both speaks and writes Spanish.他既会说也他既会说也会写西班牙语。会写西班牙语。Tonight they will both sing and dance.Tonight they will both sing and dance.今晚他们今晚他们将又唱歌又跳舞。将又唱歌又跳舞。说明:说明:作为关联并列连词,作为关联并列连词,它通常应连接两个相它通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分,同性质的句子成分,但有时后一成分可能省略与但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。前一成分相同的词。另外,另外,若连接两个成分作主若连接两个成分作主语,谓语总是用复数。如:语,谓语总是用复数。如:Both she and I are good at English.Both she and I are good at English.她和我都擅她和我都擅长英语。长英语。BothBoth teachingteaching andand researchresearch workwork areare makingmakinggreat strides.great strides.教学与科研都在大踏步前进。教学与科研都在大踏步前进。Both she and Sophia were pleased with the girl.Both she and Sophia were pleased with the girl.她和索菲娅都喜欢这个姑娘。她和索菲娅都喜欢这个姑娘。either.or.either.or.与与 neither.nor.neither.nor.一、一、either.or.either.or.either.or.either.or.意意为为 或或者者或或者者;不不是就是是就是 之意。表示两者之一,连接句之意。表示两者之一,连接句子中两个并列的成分。例如:子中两个并列的成分。例如:WhenWhen thethe girlgirl is is happy,happy,sheshe eithereither singssings orordances.dances.那个女孩高兴时,那个女孩高兴时,不是唱就是跳。不是唱就是跳。(此句此句中中 either.or.either.or.连接两个动词,连接两个动词,因为主语是单数第因为主语是单数第三人称,谓语动词要用其相应的形式。三人称,谓语动词要用其相应的形式。)either.or.either.or.连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就是这就是我们通常说的我们通常说的 就近原则就近原则。例如:。例如:Either you or I am going there tomorrow.Either you or I am going there tomorrow.明明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。注意:注意:如果把上句变成一般疑问句,如果把上句变成一般疑问句,助动词形助动词形式与主语式与主语 youyou 保持一致,所以要用保持一致,所以要用areare 提问,而提问,而不是不是 amam。例如:。例如:Are either you or I going there tomorrow?Are either you or I going there tomorrow?明明天是你还是我去那里?天是你还是我去那里?Either you or he has lunch at school.Either you or he has lunch at school.其一般其一般疑问句应为:疑问句应为:Do either you or he have lunch atDo either you or he have lunch atschool?school?是你还是他在学校吃午饭?是你还是他在学校吃午饭?若要对若要对 either.or.either.or.句型进行否定时,只需把句型进行否定时,只需把either.or.either.or.换成换成 neither.nor.neither.nor.即可。例如:即可。例如:Either you or she is good at drawing.Either you or she is good at drawing.变为否变为否定定句句应应为为:NeitherNeither youyou nornor sheshe is is goodgood atatdrawing.drawing.你和她都不擅长绘画。你和她都不擅长绘画。我们还可以单独使用我们还可以单独使用 eithereither,其意为,其意为 两者中两者中的任何一个的任何一个。例如:。例如:ThereThere areare manymany shopsshops onon eithereither sideside ofof thethestreet.street.街道两边有许多商店。街道两边有许多商店。这个句子也可以这这个句子也可以这样表达:样表达:There are many shops on both sides ofThere are many shops on both sides ofthe street.the street.在街道两边有许多商店。在街道两边有许多商店。eithereither 用在否定句的句末,表示用在否定句的句末,表示 也也 的意思。的意思。例如:例如:If you dont go there.I wont,either.If you dont go there.I wont,either.如果你如果你不去那里,我也不去。不去那里,我也不去。二、二、neither.nor.neither.nor.neither.nor.neither.nor.表示表示 既不也不既不也不。其含其含义是否定的,义是否定的,可连接任意两个并列的成份。可连接任意两个并列的成份。例如:例如:She likes neither butter nor cheese.She likes neither butter nor cheese.她既不喜她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。此句中此句中 neither.nor.neither.nor.连接连接两个宾语。两个宾语。当当 neither.nor.neither.nor.连接两个主语时,连接两个主语时,也也应遵循应遵循 就近原则就近原则。例如:。例如:Neither dad nor mum is at home today.Neither dad nor mum is at home today.今天今天父母都不在家。父母都不在家。若将若将 neither.nor.neither.nor.句型变为肯定句,只需把句型变为肯定句,只需把neither.nor.neither.nor.改为改为 both.and.both.and.即可,即可,同时谓语动同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。例如:词必须用复数形式。例如:BothBoth dad anddad and mummum are atare at homehome today.today.今天今天父母都在家。父母都在家。还可以单独使用还可以单独使用 neitherneither 作主语,作主语,表示表示 两者中两者中没有一个没有一个。例如:。例如:NeitherNeither ofof themthem likeslikes football.football.他们俩都不喜他们俩都不喜欢足球。欢足球。neitherneither 或或 nornor 还有另外一种用法,就是当表还有另外一种用法,就是当表达一个人没有做某事,达一个人没有做某事,另一个人也没做同一类事另一个人也没做同一类事时,可用时,可用 neitherneither 或或 nornor 进行简略回答,其结构进行简略回答,其结构为:为:Neither/Nor+Neither/Nor+助动词助动词/情态动词情态动词/be/be 动词动词+主语。例如:主语。例如:He doesnt go to school by bike.Neither/NorHe doesnt go to school by bike.Neither/Nordo I.do I.他不是骑自行车上学,我也不是。他不是骑自行车上学,我也不是。They didnt go to the park yesterday.NeitherThey didnt go to the park yesterday.Neither/Nor did we./Nor did we.昨天他们没去公园,我们也没去。昨天他们没去公园,我们也没去。|either of,neither of,both of|either of,neither of,both of 和和 all ofall of 的用的用法法先来一个总结,再给例子先来一个总结,再给例子either of(either of(两者其一两者其一)neither of(neither of(两者都不两者都不)这两个后单数这两个后单数both of(both of(两者都两者都),后复数,后复数all of(all of(三者或三者以上都是三者或三者以上都是)none of(none of(三者或三者以上都不是三者或三者以上都不是)例子例子either ofeither of 是指“两者有其一是指“两者有其一.”Either of us speaks English.Either of us speaks English.(注意“(注意“speaksspeaks“)“)neither ofneither of 是指“两者都不是指“两者都不.”用于否定句用于否定句Neither of us English.(Neither of us English.(注意“注意“speaksspeaks“)“)both ofboth of 是指两者都是指两者都.用于肯定句用于肯定句Both the boys are clever.Both the boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明。两个男孩都很聪明。EitherEither ofof 与与 bothboth ofof 注意区别两者的意思注意区别两者的意思,不同不同的意思的意思,单复数不一样单复数不一样.ThereThere areare twotwo applesapples onon thethe table;table;youyou cancantake either of them.take either of them.桌上有两只苹果,随你拿哪桌上有两只苹果,随你拿哪一只。一只。ThereThere areare twotwo applesapples onon thethe table;table;youyou cancantaketake bothboth ofof them.them.桌上有两只苹果,你可以把桌上有两只苹果,你可以把两只都拿去。两只都拿去。There are trees on either sideThere are trees on either sideof the street.of the street.街的两边(每一边)绿树成荫。街的两边(每一边)绿树成荫。ThereThere areare treestrees onon bothboth sidessides ofof thethe street.street.街的两边绿树成荫。街的两边绿树成荫。all ofall of 是指所有人(或物)都是指所有人(或物)都.(超过两个)(超过两个)All of the Chinese students are Young Pioneers.All of the Chinese students are Young Pioneers.所有中国学生都是少先队员。所有中国学生都是少先队员。否定式否定式:Not all of:Not all of,意思是意思是“不全是”“不全是”(千万不要千万不要误认为是“全部都不是”误认为是“全部都不是”。)Not all of us went to school yesterday.Not all of us went to school yesterday.昨天我们昨天我们不全都来上学。不全都来上学。对比对比:All:All ofof usus wentwent toto schoolschool yesterday.yesterday.昨天我昨天我们全都来上学们全都来上学.nonenone ofof 是指“所有人(或物)都不是指“所有人(或物)都不.”全部否”全部否定(超过三个)定(超过三个)以以 None ofNone of 开头的句子,开头的句子,谓语动词用单数或复数谓语动词用单数或复数均可。均可。None of.None of.作主语,强调个体时,谓语动词用单作主语,强调个体时,谓语动词用单b.Television is not only boring,but it alsob.Television is not only boring,but it alsowastes a lot of time.wastes a lot of time.电视不仅乏味,电视不仅乏味,而且还浪而且还浪费许多时间。费许多时间。c.She was not only compelled to stay atc.She was not only compelled to stay athome,but she was also forbidden to seehome,but she was also forbidden to seeher friends.her friends.她不仅被强迫蹲在家中,她不仅被强迫蹲在家中,而且被禁而且被禁止去看朋友。止去看朋友。3.3.谓语动词的数应与谓语动词的数应与 but alsobut also 后主语的数保持后主语的数保持一致:一致:Not only you but also Mr.Zhang teaches inNot only you but also Mr.Zhang teaches inthis college.this college.不仅你,张老师也在此学院教书。不仅你,张老师也在此学院教书。NotNot onlyonly Mr.Mr.ZhangZhang butbut alsoalso youyou teachteach inin thisthiscollege.college.不仅你,张老师也在此学院教书。不仅你,张老师也在此学院教书。1 1、as well asas well as 常用来连接两个并列的成分,如名常用来连接两个并列的成分,如名词、形容词、动词、介词,通常不位于句首。作词、形容词、动词、介词,通常不位于句首。作“也,还也,还”解。它强调的是前一项,后一项只是顺解。它强调的是前一项,后一项只是顺便提及。便提及。因此连接并列主语时,因此连接并列主语时,谓语动词与前一谓语动词与前一项一致;翻译时要先译后面,再译前面。而用项一致;翻译时要先译后面,再译前面。而用not only.but also.not only.but also.连接时,谓语动词与后一项连接时,谓语动词与后一项一致。如:一致。如:Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.不仅你而且你的妻子也对我很友好。不仅你而且你的妻子也对我很友好。(Not only you but also your wife is friendlyNot only you but also your wife is friendlyto meto me、)ElectricElectric energyenergy cancan bebe changedchanged intointo lightlightenergy as well as into sound energy.energy as well as into sound energy.电能既可以被转变成声能,电能既可以被转变成声能,又可以被转变成光又可以被转变成光能。能。