专题01-名词-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法专项练（通用版）02（解析版）.docx

专题01 名词备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法专项练（通用版）一、单项选择1. Who's that girl on the sofa?She's sister Emma.A. Bob and Frank B. Bob's and Frank's C. Bob and Frank's D. Bob's and Frank【答案】C【详解】句意：沙发上的那个女孩是谁？她是鲍勃和弗兰克的妹妹艾玛。考杳 名词所有格。Bob and Frank鲍勃和弗兰克；Bob's and Frank's鲍勃的和弗兰克的；Bob and Frank's鲍勃和弗兰克共同的；Bob's and Frank鲍勃的和弗兰克。根据“She”可知，只有 一个女孩，应该是共同拥有的。故选C。2. I'd like to buy some in the supermarket.A. chicken and potatoeschickens and potatoB. chicken and potatochickens and potatos【答案】A【详解】句意：我想在超市买一些鸡肉和土豆。考查名词辨析。chicken鸡肉；potato 土豆。chicken作“鸡肉”讲时，不可数名词;potato是可数名词,复数是potaloes； some 后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。故选A。3. From my on the top of the TV tower, I can have a perfect view of our city.A. traditionB. conditionC. positionD. situation【答案】C【详解】句意：从我在电视塔顶部的位置，我可以完美地看到我们的城市。考查名词辨 析。tradilion 传统:condition 条件;position 位置;situalion 形式,情况。根据"on ihe top of the TV tower,“可知，此处是要表示个位置。故选C。4. What a good you've given me! Thanks a lot.A. information【答案】CB. newsC. suggestionD. advice答案】to teach students how to save energy in daily lives【详解】句子是“it's+形容词+动词不定式”的结构，“it”是形式主语，真正的主语用动词 不定式，"教"teach,间接宾语是“学生们''用复数名词“sludents”,直接宾语用“疑问词+ 动词不定式'的结构，表达“如何节能”用“how t。save energy”。表达“在日常生活中“用 短语“in daily lives”。故填 to teach students how to save energy in daily liveso 48.与传统学习相比，网上学习为我们打开了一个全新的世界。（汉译英） , online study【答案】 Compared with the traditional study opens up a whole new world for us【详解】表达“与某物相比“用过去分词“compared with”作状语，放在句首首字母飞”大写。 表达“传统学习"用短语"the traditional study”。句子是般现在时，主语“online study”是 单数概念，动词用三单形式，表达“打开”用短语“opens up”。表达“一个全新的世界”用“a whole new world'5,表达“为我们”用介词“for”和人称代词的宾格“us"。故填Compared with the traditional study； opens up a whole new world for us。49 .自去年以来，我们小区就以其开阔的空间和优美的环境而闻名。（汉译英）Our community since last year.【答案】has been famous for its open space and beautiful environment【详解】根据"since last year”可知，句子是一般现在时。主语“Our community”是单数概 念，表达“闻名”用短语“has been famous fbr”。根据“我们小区”可知，表达“其”用形容词 性物主代词"its”。表达“开阔的空间”用短语"open space”,表达“优美的环境”用"beautiful environment"，用连词"and”连接名词短语形成并列。故填has been famous for its open space and beautiful environmento50 .作为志愿者在社区中心工作是很有意义的。It,s meaningful to.【答案】work as volunteers at community centres#work as a volunteer at community centres 【详解】空格处应表示“作为志愿者在社区中心T作“；work as volunteers/a volunteer作 为志愿者工作，动词为原形，和to构成动词不定式；at community centres"在社区中心”。 故填 work as voluntccrs/a volunteer at community ccntrcsworko【详解】句意：你给了我一个多么好的建议啊！非常感谢。考查名词辨析。information 信息，不可数名词；news新闻，不可数名词；suggestion建议，可数名词；advice建议， 不可数名词。根据“Whai a good . you've given me!”可知，what+a/an+形容词+可数名词 单数+主语+谓语!：结合选项，应用suggestion。故选C。5. Look at the two over there. They are teaching the boys to play the piano.A. women teachers B. woman teacherC. woman teachers D. womans teachers【答案】A【详解】句意：看看那边的两位女老师。她们正在教孩子们弹钢琴。考查名词复数。根 据英语语法，复合名词中，“man/woman+名词”构成的复合名词，两个词都要变成复数。 此处表示“女教师"，故应用women teachers(故选A。6. May I take your order, sir?一I'd like some with vegetables.A. riceB. appleC. cakeD. banana【答案】A【详解】句意：我可以下单了吗，先生？ 我想要一些米饭带蔬菜。考查名词辨 析。rice米饭；apple苹果；cake蛋糕；banana香蕉。根据“some”可知后接可数名词复 数或不可数名词；结合选项，BCD项均为可数名词，应用更数形式。故选A。7. Mike stayed awake for hours last night as he had too much before going to bed.A. biscuitB. coffeeC. noodleD. chicken wing【答案】B【详解】句意：迈克昨晚好几个小时没睡觉，因为他睡前喝了太多咖啡。考查名词辨析。 biscuil饼干，可数名词；coffee咖啡，不可数名词；noodle面条，可数名词；chicken wing 鸡翅，可数名词。too much"太多”，修饰不可数名词，coffee符合题意。故选B。8. 一Peter often answers the teacher's in class, doesn't he?一Yes, he is very active.A. problemsB. questionsC. messagesD. difficulties【答案】B【详解】句意：彼得经常在课堂上回答老师的问题，不是吗？ 是的。他非常活 跃。考查名词辨析。problems难题；questions问题;messages信息;difficulties困难。 根据谓语动词“answers”可知,此处对应的宾语为“questions”。故选B。9. Alan, how far is it from your home to school?Oh, it's about two drive.A. hourB. hoursC. hours'D. hour's【答案】C【详解】句意：艾伦，从你家到学校有多远？哦，大约有两个小时的车程。考查名词所有格。根据"it's about two”可知这里表达“大约两个小时”，小时“hour”为可数 名词，故这里应用复数；分析“hour”与“drive”之间的关系可知此处表达“两个小时的车程”, 应用所有格来表达，复数名词“hours”的所有格为“hours，"。故选C。10. The rang and Pat answered it. It was his son calling from New York.A. telephoneB. doorbellC. clockD. bike【答案】A【详解】句意：电话铃响了，帕特接了电话。是他儿子从纽约打来的。考查名词辨析。 telephone电话：doorbell门铃：clock时钟：bike自行车。结合语境和卜.一句"It was his son calling from New York.”可知帕特的儿子从纽约打电话来，所以应该是电话铃声响了。故 选AoHow is it from here to Beijing?It's about two flight.A. long, hour's B. far, hour?sC. long, hours5 D. far, hours5【答案】D【详解】句意：从这到北京有多远？ 坐飞机大约两个小时。考查疑问词组及名 词所有格。how long多长时间；how far多远。根据“大约坐飞机两小时”可知上文是问 距离，表达“多远”，用how far, 乂由“flight”可知此处用名词所有格，空前有two。此处 应用复数名词，故用hours，。故选D。11. Are you hungry?Yes. Please give us.A. three breadB. three piece of breadC. three pieces of breadD. three pieces of breads【答案】C【详解】句意：你饿吗？一是的。请给我三片面包。考查不可数名词及其数的表 达。three数词；bread“面包”,不可数名词，前面不能直接跟数词，要用“数词+量 词仔来表示;piece片,块;a piece of一片，piece是可数的，因此达到两个及其以上 要用其复数形式：three pieces of bread二片面包。故选C。12. How can Linda say bad words about me? I thought we were good friends.Who told you that? Friends need.A. courageB. trustC. pleasureD. success【答案】B【详解】句意：琳达怎么能说我坏话？我以为我们是好朋友。谁告诉你的？朋 友之间需要信任。考查名词辨析。surage勇气；trust信任;pleasure愉快；success成 功。根据"Who told you that?”可知，朋友之间的友谊不能只道听途说，是需要信任的。 故选B。13. I'm hungry. Td like to have some.A. noodleB. waterC. potatoD. bread【答案】D【详解】句意：我饿了。我想要一些面包。考查名词辨析。noodle面条；waler水；potato 土豆；bread面包。some后接可数名词更数或不可数名词，排除AC；再由“I'm hungry.” 可知饿了需要吃的，排除B。故选D。14. This year, the family went camping on Day, June 1 st.A. ChildB. Child'sC. ChildrenD. Children's【答案】D【详解】句意：今年，全家在6月1日儿童节去露营。考查名词所有格。由语境可知， 此处指“儿童节”,英文表达为“Children's Day"。故选D。15. Learning English in a classroom is important, while using English in real willimprove your English skills greatly.A. positionsB. situationsC. eventsD. experiences【答案】B【详解】句意：在课堂上学习英语很重要，而将英语运用到真实情景中会大大提高你的 英语技能。考查名词辨析。positions位置；siluations情况：evenls事件；experiences经 历。根据"using English in real.will improve your English skills greatly.”可知,表示在真实 情景中使用英语会大大提高你的英语技能，故选B。16. It was a day for Wu Dajing to win the first gold medal for the Chinese teamon February 5, 2022.一So it was. He is the of all Chinese.A. pride; proud B. proud; proud C. proud; pride D. pride; pride【答案】C【详解】句意：2022年2月5 口，武大靖为中国队夺得首枚金牌，这是值得骄傲 的一天。确实。他是所有中国人的骄傲。考查词义辨析。pride名词，骄傲；proud 形容词，骄傲的。第一处作定语修饰day,用形容词；第二处作表语，位于冠词the后， 用名词。故选C。17. These were sent to the villages to help the farmers.A. women doctors B. women doctor C. woman doctorsD. woman doctor【答案】A【详解】句意：这些女医生被派到农村去帮助农民。考查名词复数。woman女人，可 数名词，复数是women； doclor医生，可数名词，复数是doctors。根据“these”可知都用 名词复数，these women doctors”这些女医生“，故选A。18. The factory cannot continue its level of because ihe cost of the material hasrisen a lot.A. instructionB. productionC. contribution D. celebration【答案】B【详解】句意：由于材料成本上涨了很多，工厂不能继续它的生产水平了。考查名词辨 析。instruction 指示，说明；production 生产，产量；contribution 贡献；celebration 庆祝。 结合语境可知本句说的是工厂的牛.产水平与原料价格之间的关系，所以空处用名词 production o 故选 B。19. To tell you the truth. I don't want to join in the speech competition.-Come on. You need more practice to build up your.A. challengeB. confidenceC. instructionD. personality【答案】B【详解】句意：一实话告诉你。我不想参加演讲比赛。一来吧。你需要更多的练习 来建立自信。考查名词辨析。challenge挑战；confidence自信；instruction指示；personality 性格。根据“You need more practice to build up your.”可知，此处“confidence”符合语境， 意为“建立自信”。故选B。二、根据汉语及首字母填空The c（教练）helps me do better in the work.【答案】（c）oach【详解】句意：教练帮助我在工作中做得更好。coach“教练”，可数名词，在句中作主 语，根据"helps”可知,主语用单数。故填（c）oach。20. The music has got a great b（节拍）that I enjoy dancing to.【答案】(b)eat【详解】句意：这音乐的节拍很好，我喜欢跟着跳舞。根据中文以及首字母可知，此 空应填beat表示“节拍”，a修饰名词的单数形式，故填(b)eal。21. Can you come to my birthday party?一I'm afraid I can't. But thank you fbr your. (invite)【答案】invitation【详解】句意:你能来参加我的生口派对吗？恐怕我不能。但感谢您的邀请。根据"Can you come to my birthday party?”及英文提示可知，your后面接名词，故填invite 的名词形式invitation“邀请故填invitation<.22. These UNICEF(office) wish is to improve the living conditions of the local children.【答案】officers'【详解】句意：这些联合国儿童基金会官员的愿望是改善当地儿童的生活条件。空处修 饰其后的名词wish,指的是“官员的愿望”，用名词所有格形式，结合“these”可知，此处 名词用复数形式，故填。而cers'。23. Erhu is one of Chinese musical i. The most popular music is Erquan Yingyuc.【答案】(i)nstruments【详解】句意：二胡是中国乐器之一。最受欢迎的音乐是二泉映月。根据“Erhu is one of Chinese musical.”及首字母提示可知，此处应该是名词instrument“乐器”：且one of 后跟名词 instrument 的复数 instrumentso 故填 instrumentsoMr. Smith likes taking p. He often goes outside with his camera.【答案】(p)hotos#(p)ictures【详解】句意：史密斯先生喜欢拍照，他经常带着相机出门。根据“He often goes outside with his camera”可知,史密斯带着照相机出门是拍照片;“take photos/pictures”意为“拍照 片“。故填(p)hoios/(p)iclures。24. The c of stealing children was successfully caught by the police on Mar. 19th inChongqing.【答案】(c)riminal【详解】句意：3月19日，重庆警方成功抓获了这名盗窃儿童的罪犯。根据“Thee。f stealing children was successfully caught by the police”可知，是抓住罪犯,criminal“罪犯”， 根据“was”可知，使用名词单数形式，故填(c)riminal。25. The National Post Office will make a set of special s to celebrate the 1 OOthbirthday of the CCYL (中国共青团)in 2022.【答案】(s)tamps【详解】句意：2022年，国家邮政局将发行一套特别邮票，以庆祝中国共青团成立100 周年。根据“The National Post Office”可知，国家邮政局应该是发行邮票，所以应该使用 “stamp“，且为可数名词，根据“a set。广一套”可知，应该使用可数名词复数。故填(s)tamps。26. My parents always take p in everything good that I do.【答案】(p)ride【详解】句意：我父母总是为我做的每件好事感到自豪。根据“take pin everything good that I do”可知，是为我做的好事感到自豪，take pride in“为自豪"，pride“自豪，骄 傲”，名词。故填(p)ride。27. Zhang Yimou is the chief d of the opening and closing ceremonies for the 2022Beijing Winter Olympics.【答案】(d)irector【详解】句意：张艺谋是2022年北京冬奥会开幕式和闭幕式的主导演。根据“ZhangYimou is the chief.of (he opening and closing ceremonies for (he 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics”及首字母提示可知，张艺谋是主导演，故填director“导演”，可数名词，又因 为谓语动词is是单数。故填(d)irecior。28. Her parents are tall but she is of medium h.【答案】(h)eight【详解】句意：她的父母很高但是她是中等身高。“be of medium height”表示“中等身高”。故填(h)eight。29. There arc many famous national(英雄)in Chinese history.【答案】heroes【详解】句意：中国历史上有许多著名的民族英雄。根据"in Chinese history.”可知，此 处是在中国历史上，有许多著名的民族英雄，hero“英雄”，是名词，many修饰可数名词 好数形式。故填heroeso30. Of all the(女演员)，I admire Audrey Hepburn most.【答案】actresses【详解】句意：在所有女演员中，我最钦佩奥黛丽赫木。actress"女演员”，是名词，空 前有all修饰，名词用复数形式,故填actresses。31. After a heated（讨论），the headmasters from different schools reached an agreement.【答案】discussion【详解】句意：经过激烈的讨论，不同学校的校长达成了一致意见。discussion“讨论”， 此前有a修饰，使用名词单数形式，故填discussion。32. Life is like a box of. You never know what you're gonna get.（巧克力） 【答案】chocolates【详解】句意：生命就像一盒巧克力，你永远不知道你将会拿到哪块。介词后缺宾 语，表达”一盒巧克力”用“a box of chocolates”。故填 chocolates。33. The （wo boys are about the same（体重）and age.【答案】weight【详解】句意：这两个男孩的体重和年龄差不多。由语境和汉语提示可知，“体重”译成： weight；这里用作不可数名词。故填weight。34. His father is a famous（工程师）.【答案】engineer【详解】句意：他的父亲是一位著名的工程师。由语境和汉语提示可知，“工程师”engineer； 由前面的“a”可知，这里用单数形式。故填engineer。35. Check your answers carefully, and you can avoid making （错误）.【答案】mistakes【详解】句意：仔细核对答案，你能避免犯错。根据语境和所给汉语提示可知，这里考 查短语make mistakes“犯错”,mistakes是可数名词，“错误"。故填mistakes,We are from.（中国）【答案】China【详解】句意：我们来自中国。be from“来自”，后接地点，根据中文提示可知，此空应 填China表示“中国”,故填China。36. Thanks to the government, more and more（村民）in our village have happier lives. 【答案】villagers【详解】句意：多亏了政府，我们村里越来越多的村民过上了更幸福的生活。“村民“villager,可数名词；“more and more”后跟名词的复数形式。故填villagers。三、完成句子我喜欢甜食，你知道的。I have a, you know.【答案】 sweet tooth详解】空处表示“甜食"，have a sweet tooth”喜欢甜食"，故填sweet； tootho我叫托尼史密斯，史密斯是我的姓。My name is Tony Smith and Smith is my.【答案】 last#family name【详解】姓：last name/family name,固定用法。故填 last/family； name。37. 一些人认为这些石头能够预防疾病并能使人们保持健康。Some people think the stones can prevent and keep people.【答案】 illness healthy【详解】根【据中英文对照可知第空应填“疾病illness“疾病”，是名词；第二空应 填“健康”，healthy“健康的“，是形容词作宾语补足语。故填illness； healthy»我更喜欢自己创作音乐的歌手。I that write their own music.【答案】 prefer singers【详解】由中英文可知第一空用动词“更喜欢prefer”，本句用一般现在时，主语是“I”, 所以prefer用原形；本句包含一个定语从句，由中文可知第二空为定语从句的先行词“歌 手”,用可数名词singer,定语从句的动词是“write”,说明singer应为复数。故填prefer； singers o我们齐心协力就能创造更加美好的未来。Together, our actions can lead to a.【答案】 better future【详解】此处缺少“更加美好的未来”，表达为better future,用比较级修饰名词，故填 better； futureo在2012年，刘翔回到了国际110米栏赛第一的位置。Liu Xiang returned to the in the world 110m hurdles race in2012.【答案】 first place【详解】空处缺少“第一的位置"；"第一”first,常与定冠词the连用；“位置”place,被（he first修饰，应用单数形式。故填first； placeo教学生们在日常生活中如何节能是必需的。（汉译英）It's necessary.