北京市房山区2022-2023学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题（解析版）.docx

房山区2022-2023学年度高一第一学期诊断性评价英语试卷第一部分知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Carter Evans, a 16-year-old boy, was camping in a tent with friends in a parking area near Pascagoula River in July when a car with three teenage girls inside fell off a boat ramp （匝道）and into the river, then sank. The driver had blindly wrong directions from her GPS.It was around 2:30 a.m. when Evans and his friends got to the river's edge. In the darkness, they could2make out the girls clinging （抱紧）to the roof the only part of the car still above water. But they couldhear 3.Evans took off his shirt and shoes, threw his phone down and dived into the water, a river he knew crocodiles called home. He helped the first girl he saw and, keeping her head above water, led her to the 4.Just then, Garry Mcrccr, a police officer, arrived. He 5 into the river to help another of the girls. But halfway back to shore, she was too 6 and went underwater, pulling Mercer down with her. Evansjumped back in the 7 and helped them until they could stand.There was still one girl, Cora Watson, in the water. She was 8 to stay above water.“I just knew my last 9 was coming,Watson said. t4I thought I was slowly losing myself." She began to go under. Then, Evans grabbed her.Evans was taken to the hospital. The three girls are alive because Evans risked his LQ to savethem.1. A. followedB. studiedC.seenD. kept2. A. finallyB. clearlyC. certainlyD. hardly3. A. fightingB. shoutingC. swimmingD. quarrelling4. A. riverbankB. carC. tentD. park5. A. walkedB. fellC. divedD.sank6. A. excitedB. surprisedC. scaredD. disappointed7 A. sandB. crowdC. darknessD. water8. A. waitingB. strugglingC. consideringD. lying9. A. challengeB. choiceC. breathD. dream10. A. healthB. lifeC.jobD. fortune【答案】1.A2. D3. B 4. A5.C6.C7. D 8. B9.C10. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Carter Evans和警察Garry Mercer勇救溺水三少女的好人好事。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位司机盲目地按她的GPS导航沿着错误的方向行驶。A. followed沿着（道路、 小径等）；B. studied 学习；C. seen 看见；D. kept 保持。由上文的"a car with three teenage girls inside fell off 成了世界上最大的人造森林。故选D项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段 uSaihanba is a green miracle passed on from generation to generation.（塞罕坝是一个 世代相传 绿色奇迹）”，第二段中的"The Saihanba Forest Farm is the world's largest manmade Crest （塞罕 坝林场是世界上最大的人工林）”，第三段 0 Today, overlooking the sea of green, it would be hard to imagine that a half century ago, the area was wasteland.（今天，俯瞰绿海，很难想象半个世纪前，这里还是荒地）”和 最后一段"Three generations of hard work have turned Saihanba from a nascent （新生的）stand of trees into a million acres of forest, from a desert into an oasis.（经过三代人的努力，塞罕坝从一片新生的树林变成了一百 万英亩的森林，从沙漠变成了绿洲）”可知，文章讲述了在几代人的努力下塞罕坝由荒地成为了世界上最 大人工林，是一个世代相传的绿色奇迹，A项“人们是如何创造绿色奇迹的”可概括全文。故选A项。DThere has recently been a lot of arguments about homework. As a teacher, 1 strongly believe in the benefits of quality homework. Besides preparing students for university life, it teaches important life skills that will benefit students for the rest of their lives.Some people argue that homework is causing stress and depression to rise in children. But to blame homework for these health problems is wrong. Social pressures cause more stress for teenagers than homework. If people are really concerned about the health of students, they would spend more time solving the problems that cause pressure in schools rather than complaining about homework.In addition, those who are opposed to homework believe that students end up hating the time spent instead of enjoying learning. However, the problem is the type of homework being assigned （布置）.It is the quality not quantity （数 景）of homework that will improve students' learning and their enjoyment. Repetitive worksheets where students memorize historical dates and names or solve math problems over and over again arc less beneficial than more creative project-based homework.Primary students will eventually be in middle and high school where homework will be assigned. If they have no preparation in primary schools they will have the stress of suddenly trying to adjust to life withhomework later. The important thing is to assign just enough homework to help students learn.In fact, homework allows parents to be aware of what their child is doing at school and how well their academic and thinking skills are developing. If they notice that their child is taking an unreasonable amount of time completing their homework, parents can call the teacher's attention to the problem.Finally, homework helps to teach students important study and life skills that will set them up for future success. They learn how to manage their time so that they can finish their homework and other activities. At times, they might struggle to complete the homework, but by working through it, they learn not to give up. These are skills that will not only benefit them in their academic life but in their adult lives as well.We should recognize quality homework can help to show children the connection between what they are learning in school and how it can be applied outside of schools, and it should allow the students to have fun while doing it. Learning should not only be contained within a classroom; it should be extended to all areas of our lives. 31. According to the passage, quality homework can.A. only be assigned at high schoolcause pressures to rise in teenagersB. have influence on students in many waysdraw parents' attention to the problems it brings32. What's the author's attitude towards homework in primary school?A. Supportive.B. Critical.C. Doubtfill.D. Unconcerned.33. What does the underlined expression "opposed lo” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Against.B. Worried about.C. Tired of.D. Favor.34. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Pressures Caused by Homework B. The Benefits of Quality Homework C. Quality and Quantity of Homework D. Different Opinions about Homework 【答案】31. C 32. A 33. A 34. D 【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了有些人不赞成家庭作业的看法，但作者认为家庭作业有好处。 31题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的 “As a teacher, I strongly believe in the benefits of quality homework. Besides preparing students fbr university life, it teaches important life skills that will benefit students fbr the rest of their lives.（作为一名教师，我坚信高质量作业的好处。除了为学生准备大学生活，它还教授重要的生活技能， 这些技能将使学生终生受益）”和最后一段中的"We should recognize quality homework can help to show children the connection between what they arc learning in school and how it can be applied outside of schools （我 们应该认识到，高质量的家庭作业有助于向孩子们展示他们在学校学习的内容与如何在校外应用之间的 联系）”可知，高质量的作业可以在许多方面对学生产生积极影响。故选C项。【32题详解】推理判断题。由第四段中的"Primary students will eventually be in middle and high school where homework will be assigned. If they have no preparation in primary schools, they will have the stress of suddenly trying to adjust to life with homework later. The important thing is to assign just enough homework to help students learn. （小学生最终会进入初中和高中，到那时会有家庭作业。如果他们在小学没有准备，他们会有突然试图适 应生活的家庭作业的压力。重要的是布置足够的家庭作业来帮助学生学习）”可知，作者认为家庭作业能 帮助学生学习，而且如果小学生到了初高中才接触家庭作业，他们会有压力，可得出作者支持小学生有 家庭作业。故选A项。【33题详解】词句猜测题。由第三段中的 “In addition, those who arc opposed to homework believe that students end up hating the time spent instead of enjoying learning.（此外，那些 opposed to 家庭作'业的人认为,学生最终讨厌 花在学习上的时间，而不是享受学习）”可知，有些人认为学生会因为家庭作业讨厌学习，可得出这些人 应该是不赞成有家庭作业的,opposed to意为“反对（Against） ”。故选A项。【34题详解】主旨大意题。第一段首句"There has recently been a lot of arguments about homework.（最近有很多关于家庭 作业的争论）”总起全文，第段还陈述了作者对高质量家庭作业的观点，第二三段陈述了各方反对家庭 作业的观点，第四至最后一段陈述了作者赞成有家庭作业的观点，可得出D项“关于家庭作业的不同看 法”可概括全文，可为标题。故选D项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Friendships can be equally demanding and rewarding, whether you've been friends for a long time or have just started communicating with one another. 35You can text each other frequently. Texting is a great way to keep up with each other's daily events and routines. Although you may be apart from one another, texting is a great way to get immediate access to each other's lives. 36 You can share a picture or selfie from time to time to make others know more about your recent life.You can mail each other handwritten letters. Sending handwritten letters is a great way to keep connected while also adding a personal and thoughtful touch. Taking the time to write a letter shows your appreciation fbr the relationship. 37 Or, you can just send them a surprise letter out of the blue!38 There arc many activities that can be mutually enjoyed even though you arc not in the same location. Doing things together will help maintain a bond and can also be a fbnn of quality time. 39 Besides, you can start reading a book together or stream a movie together while you video chat.A. You can plan a visit when possible.B. You can find things you can do together while apart.C. So it's in your best interest to stay in touch with your friends.D. Handwriting their birthday card every year is a smart choice.E. It can also be an opportunity to leam more about each other's experiences.F. There arc many eflbetive ways to keep in touch, stay connected and develop your friendship.G. For example, you can watch the same shows at the same time and share feelings afterwards.【答案】35. F36. E 37. D 38. B 39. G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了和朋友保持联系、发展友谊的方法。【35题详解】由第二段段首句"You can text each other frequently.（你们可以经常发短信）”，第三段首句“You can mail each other handwritten letters.（你们可以互相邮寄手写信件）”和最后一段中"Doing things together will help maintain a bond and can also be a fortn of quality time.（一起做事情有助于保持联系，也可以是一种优质时 间）”可知，下文在讲和朋友保持联系、发展友谊的方法，F选项“有很多有效的方法可以保持联系，保 持联系，发展友谊。”总起下文内容。故选F项。【36题详解】由第二段段首句“You can text each other frequently.（你们可以经常发短信）”可知作者建议通过发短信来和 朋友保持联系、发展友谊，E选项”这也可以是一个了解彼此经历的机会。”和上文“Although you may be apart from one another, texting is a great way to get immediate access to each other's lives.（尽管你们可能彼 此分开，但发短信是种很好的方式，可以直接了解彼此的生活）” 一起表明发短信和朋友保持联系、发 展友谊的好处。故选E项。【37题详解】由第三段首句“You can mail each other handwritten letters.（你们可以互相邮寄手写信件）”可知作者建议 通过互相邮寄手写信件来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊，D选项“每年手写生日卡是一个明智的选择。” 和上文“Taking the time to write a letter shows your appreciation fbr the relationship.（花时间写信表明你对这 段关系的赞赏）"及下文"Or, you can just send them a surprise letter out of the blue!（或者，你可以突然给他 们发封惊喜信）”是“通过互相邮寄手写信件来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊”的举例说明。故选D项。【38题详解】由下文 “There arc many activities that can be mutually enjoyed even though you arc not in the same location. Doing things together will help maintain a bond and can also be a form of quality lime.（尽管你们不在同一个地 方，但有许多活动可以相互共享。一起做事情有助于保持联系，也可以是一段宝贵时光）”可知，下文在 讲与朋友分开时，可以通过一起做事情来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊，承接下文，B选项“你可以找到在 分开时可以一起做的事情。”可作为本段主题句。故选B项。【39题详解】由上文 uThere arc many activities that can be mutually enjoyed even though you arc not in the same location. Doing things together will help maintain a bond and can also be a form of quality time.（尽管你们不在同一个地 方，但有许多活动可以相互共享。起做事情有助于保持联系，也可以是段宝贵时光）”可知本段在讲 与朋友分开时，可以通过一起做事情来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊，G选项“例如，你们可以在同一时 间观看相同的节目，然后分享感受。”和下文"Besides, you can start reading a book together or stream a movie together while you video chat.（此夕卜，您可以在视频聊天时开始一起看书或一起观看电影）”是“与朋 友分开时，可以通过一起做事情来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊”的举例说明。故选G项。第三部分书面表达（共两节，满分32分）第一节（共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。For average working people, they normally change their careers five to seven times throughout their whole lives. The best way to be prepared fbr a career change is to make a plan. Without that, you are just a dreamer.It happens that you don't think about your career carefully, but the first step you need to take is that you must spend time considering your present situation and your ideal career path to develop a specific career plan. Reflecting on yourself and your needs is also necessary. When you have a better understanding of yourself and what you want, you are more likely to make a plan that suits your goals and lifestyle. By this kind of self- reflection, you will discover the type of career you want.The next step is to figure out how to get there. You probably need SMART goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound to prepare fbr success. Studies prove that SMART goals work better when they are written down and shared with others. Sharing improves your sense of responsibility while writing down allows you to keep them in your memory.Now that you have understood what you want and had your goals set and written down, the last step is to make career decisions. First, list the advantages and the disadvantages of different decisions. And then think about how each path lines up with your values. Finally, think about how they could influence your future.How do you feel when talking about your career? Do you want to stay where you are or are you ready to make a change to take steps to achieve success? Reflect, set goals, and make your decision, and you'll be on the right path in no time.40. What is the best way to be prepared fbr a career change according to the passage?41. What arc the SMART goals?42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.To make career decisionsi you need to list the advantages and the disadvantages of dijferent decisionsf think about how each path lines up with your values and whether they brin you a lot of money.43. Which one of the three steps do you think is the most important to develop your career plan? Why? In about 40 words'）【答案】40. Making a plan.44. SMART goals refer to goals that arc specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.45. Tb make career decisions, you need to list the advantages and the disadvantages of different decisions, think about how each path lines up with your values, and whether the），brinw a lot of Because you should think about how decisions could influence your future.46. 1 think the last stepto make career decisionsis the most important to develop your career plan. Because life is a process of decision-making choice. Correct decisions can help us succeed, while wrong decisions can make efforts in vain.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为转行作准备的三个步骤：自我反思、设定目标和做出决定。 【40题详解】考查细节理解。由第一段中的"The best way to be prepared for a career change is to make a plan.（为职业转 变做好准备的最好方法是制定计划）”可知，为职业转变做好准备的最佳方式是制定计划。故答案为： Making a plan.41题详解】考查细节理解。由第三段中的"You probably need SMART goals that arc specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound to prepare for success.（你可能需要具体、可衡量、可实现、相关且有时间限制的 SMART目标来为成功做好准备）”可知，SMART目标是指具体、可衡量、可实现、相关且有时间限制的 目标。故答案为：SMART goals refer to goals that arc specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time- bound.【42题详解】考查细节理解。由第四段中的"First, list the advantages and the disadvantages of different decisions. And then think about how each path lines up with your values. Finally, think about how they could influence your fiiture.（首 先，列出不同决策的优点和缺点。然后想想每一条决策道路如何符合你的价值观。最后，想想它们会如何 影响你的未来）”可知，要做出职业决策，你需要列出不同决策的优点和缺点，思考每一条决策道路如何符 合你的价值观，以及“决策会如何影响你的未来”，所以“它们是否会给你带来很多钱”错误。故答案为： To make career decisions, you need to list the advantages and the d