湖北省沙市中学2022-2023学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题（解析版）.docx

20222023学年度2022级上学期期末考试英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题海小题L5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅 读一遍。1. What colour is the man's car?A. Blue.B. Green.C. White.2. Why doesn't the woman need to provide her age?A. It is only required for children.B. It is only required for patients.C. It is only required for doctors.3. How long is the woman late?A. One hour.B. Two hours.4. What will the man do this weekend?C. Three hours.A. See some friends.B. Have a picnic.5. Where will the man be before 7:00?C. Go to the beach.A. At home.B. At the office.C. At a restaurant.第二节（共15小题;每小题L5分,满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. How does Linda look today?A. Sad.B. Happy.7. Who lives with Linda now?A. Her daughter.B. Her mother.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。C. Angry.C. Her brother.8. What was Matt reading today?A. A magazine.B. A newspaper.9. Which teacher said Matt needs to improve in math?A. Ms. Anderson.B. Ms. Smith.C. A story book.C. Ms. Fitz.know about. Lefs find out!How do astronauts sleep?A person in space goes to bed at night then wakes up the next day. But it's a little different since there is no up or down and no pull of gravity. 17 Astronauts can attach themselves to a wall, a seat or a bed inside the cabin so they don't float around or bump into something.18We're all familiar with songs getting stuck in our heads while we're awake. This phenomenon is called earworms. It turns out that this can happen during sleep as well. Even if we're asleep, our brains continue to process music, which could cause problems in getting to sleep and staying asleep.Sleep with your pet?Is it good for you to sleep with a pet? Experts have traditionally said no. Pets, like dogs and cats, do not sleep continuously and they will often get up and walk on the bed. All of the activities will lead to a disturbed sleep.19 But recent studies found that people with depression or anxiety may benefit from having their pets in the bed.Socks can help us sleep?20 Putting on a pair of socks at bedtime will help you fall asleep 15 minutes earlier and wake up far less. Wearing socks can help a process called distal vasodilation, which refers to an increase of blood to your hands and feet.A. Can you feel the music clearly?B. Earworms happen while sleeping?C. This might cause you to sleep even worse.D. Hence, weightless astronauts can sleep anywhere.E. Your sleep will improve with a pair of warm feet.F. A sound sleep can bring a good mood and energy.G Too little sleep will affect academic performances.【答案】16.F17. D 18. B W.C 20. E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些与睡眠相关的有趣知识。【16题详解】根据上文 “Believe it or not, humans spend roughly one-third of their lives asleep. No wonder the quality of our sleep is so closely linked to the quality of ourlives.（信不信由你，人类一生中大约三分之一的口寸间都在睡觉。 难怪我们的睡眠质量与我们的生活质量如此密切相关）”以及后文“Here are some fun facts related to sleep that you might not know about. Let's find out!（以下是一些你可能不知道的与睡眠有关的有趣事实。让我们来 看看！）”可知，本句承接上文继续说明睡眠质量与我们的生活质量如何密切相关：睡个好觉能带来好心 情和精力。故F选项“睡个好觉能带来好心情和精力。”符合语境，故选F。【17题详解】根据上文 u A person in space goes to bed at night then wakes up the next day. But ifs a little different since there is no up or down and no pull of gravity.（一个人在太空中晚上睡觉，然后第二天醒来。但它有点不同，因为 它没有向上或向下,没有重力）”以及后文 u Astronauts can attach themselves to a wall, a seat or a bed inside the cabin so they don't float around or bump into something.（宇航员可以把自己固定在舱内的墙壁、座位或床 上，这样他们就不会漂浮或撞到什么东西）”可知，本段主要说明的是在太空如何睡眠，故D选项“因 此，失重的宇航员可以在任何地方睡觉。”符合语境，故选D。【18题详解】根据本段内容"We're all familiar with songs getting stuck in our heads while we're awake. This phenomenon is called earworms. It turns out that this can happen during sleep as well. Even if we're asleep, our brains continue to process music, which could cause problems in getting to sleep and staying asleep.（我们都很熟悉，当我们醒着 的时候，歌曲会在我们的脑海里挥之不去。这种现象被称为耳朵虫。事实证明，这也可能发生在睡眠 中。即使我们睡着了，我们的大脑也在继续处理音乐，这可能会导致入睡和保持睡眠的问题）”可知，本 段主要说明的是睡眠时的耳虫现象，B选项中earworms对应后文earworms。故B选项“睡觉时出现耳朵 虫现象？ ”符合语境，故选B。【19题详解】根据上文 “Is it good for you to sleep with a pet? Experts have traditionally said no. Pets, like dogs and cats, do not sleep continuously and they will often get up and walk on the bed. All of the activities will lead to a disturbed sleep.（和宠物一起睡觉对你有好处吗？传统上，专家们都说不行。宠物，比如狗和猫，不会连续睡觉，它 们会经常在床上爬起来走。所有这些活动都会导致睡眠受到干扰）”以及后文"But recent studies found that people with depression or anxiety may benefit from having their pets in the bed.（但最近的研究发现， 有抑郁症 或焦虑症的人可能会从让宠物躺在床上受益）”可知，上文提到了宠物在床上的活动会导致睡眠受到干 扰，故本句承接上文说明结果：这会让你睡得更糟，故C选项“这会让你睡得更糟。”符合语境，故选 Co【20题详解】根据后文 u Putting on a pair of socks at bedtime will help you fall asleep 15 minutes earlier and wake up far less. Wearing socks can help a process called distal vasodilation, which refers to an increase of blood to your hands and feet.（睡前穿双袜子能让你提前15分钟入睡，而且更少醒来。穿袜子可以帮助远端血管扩张，这是指增加 你的手和脚的血液）”可知，后文提到了睡觉穿袜子，即给足部保暖，故E选项“一双温暖的脚会改善你 的睡眠。”符合语境，故选E。第三部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂Every culture on the planet has certain topics that people avoid discussing. But the taboos （禁忌）of one culture may be very different from those of another. You may be 21 that people from other cultures say what you can't talk about.Paying attention to what people don't 22 can teach us something important about their culture. Their taboo topics give us clues about what they value, respect or even fear. Topics that are considered too personal ortoo controversial （有争议的）may also be avoided.America is full of taboo topics. Usually, during a polite conversation, Americans will 23 both politics and religion. They also avoid talking about racial issues.Why? Because these topics can cause strong opinions and 24. Americans believe it's best to avoidthem-especially at social gatherings.Many Americans also do not feel 25 talking about their personal income, age or health. 26、they prefer to make small talks about the weather, sports or common interests.What do these taboos tell us about American 27.? For one, they show that Americans place importanceon 28, America certainly isn't the only place that values it. You will find 29 taboos about askingpersonal questions in many European countries. nThis is especially true in Germany,n says Hanna Graf, a German living in Shanghai. HIn Germany, you are not supposed to ask about other people's personal business/ she says. "But there are no 30 rules about what you can*t ask; it's just in people's minds."In Brazil, 31, almost anything seems open to discussion. 'Brazilians talk about all kinds of personalissues/1 says Mark Quinlan, who grew up in Brazil. But of course, even Brazil has its own taboos. In Brazil, soccer is the one topic that can turn friends into enemies. Brazilians love the sport. Saying anything32.about soccer can cause big trouble. Even expressing preference for one team over another can be 33.Like Brazilians, Australians talk freely about almost anything. However, they do not talk about their personal or business 34. They prefer to let people judge them by their actions, not their words. Boasting yourachievements will only make you the 35 of other people's jokes.And what about your taboos? The next time you have a conversation, pay attention to what isn*t said. You might be amazed at what you learn about your own culture.21. A. excited22. A. stress23. A. rule out24. A. arguments25. A. embaiTassed26. A. Besides27. A. values28. A. culture29. A. giant30. A. specialized31. A. moreover32. A. super33. A. beneficial34. A. achievements35. A. audience【答案】21.B22. DB 32. D 33. CB. surprisedB. considerB. take toB. interactionsB. confusedB. OccasionallyB. featuresB.independenceB. uniqueB. basicB. howeverB. worthlessB. impressiveB. secretsB. designer23. A 24. A 25. C4. A 35. CC. fascinatedC. desireC. touch uponC. agreementsC. relaxedC. FranklyC. statusesC. privacyC. similarC. commonC. thereforeC. magicalC. dangerousC. livesC. target26. D 27. A 28.D. relievedD. discussD. focus onD. relationshipsD. disappointedD. InsteadD. dreamsD. freedomD. aggressiveD. writtenD. anyhowD. negativeD. emotionalD. failuresD. interpreter29. C 30. D 31.【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。不同文化背景有不同的语言禁忌，这些禁忌能让我们了解每种文化中重要的东西。文章列举了几个国家的禁忌话题。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：来自其他文化背景的人说一些你不能说的事情，你可能会感到很吃惊。A. excited兴奋的；B. surprised吃惊的；C.fascinated着迷的；D. relieved感到宽慰的。根据后文“people from other cultures say what you cant talk about.”可知，因为文化有差异，其禁忌也不同，所以来自其他文化背 景的人说一些你不能说的事情，你可能会感到很吃惊。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：注意人们不讨论的东西可以教会我们一些关于他们文化的重要东西。A. stress 强调；B. consider考虑，认为；C.desire想要，要求；D. discuss讨论。此处指那些禁忌语是人们不讨论的 内容，故选D。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：通常，在有礼貌的谈话中，美国人会排除政治和宗教的因素。A. rule out排 除，取消，反对；B.taketo喜欢，开始；C touch upon涉及，触及；D. focus on集中。根据下文“Because these topics can cause strong opinions.Americans believe it's best to avoid them - especially at social gatherings.”可知，美国人避免谈论政治和宗教问题。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为这些话题会引起强烈的意见和争论。A.arguments争论；B. interactions相 互作用；C. agreements同意，协议；D.relationships关系，关联。根据常识可知政治问题、宗教问题和种 族问题由于观点不同，会引起强烈的意见和争论。故选A。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多美国人谈论他们的个人收入、年龄或健康状况时也不放松。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.confused困惑的；C. relaxed放松的，自在的；D. disappointed失望的。根据后文 “they prefer to make small talks about the weather, sports or common interests.”和常识可知，美国人不喜欢谈 论个人收入，年龄或健康状况，这让他们感到不自在，不放松。故选C。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：反而，他们更喜欢谈论天气、运动或共同的兴趣。A. Besides此外；B.Occasionally偶尔;C.Frankly坦率地；D. Instead代替，反而。美国人用谈论天气、运动或共同的兴趣等 内容来代替谈论个人收入，年龄或健康状况。表示转折，故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：关于美国价值观，这些禁忌告诉我们什么？ A. values价值观；B. features特 征；C. statuses地位，身份；D.dreams梦想。下文提到的美国人很重视隐私，这属了他们的价值观。下文 "America certainly isn*t the only place that values it.”也给了提示，故选 Ao【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，它们表明美国人很重视隐私。A. culture文化，文明；B. independence 独立；C privacy隐私；D.freedom自由。根据前文描述可知，不谈论个人收入，年龄或健康状况属于重 视隐私，故选C。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在许多欧洲国家，你会发现问私人问题也有类似的禁忌。A. giant巨大的；B.unique独特的；C.similar相似的；D. aggressive好斗的。此处指许多欧洲国家和美国相似，都把谈论私 人问题当作禁忌。故选C。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但对于你不能问的问题，并没有成文的规定；这只是人们的想法。A.specialized 专门的；B. basic 基本的；C. common 普通的；D. written 书面的。根据后文“it，s just in people's minds”可知，关于禁忌没有明文规定，故选D。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在巴西，似乎任何事情都可以讨论。A. moreover而且，此外；B.however然而；C.therefore因此，所以；D. anyhow无论如何。与上文美国和一些欧洲国家有禁忌形成转 折，故选B。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：关于足球说任何负面的话都会带来大麻烦。即使表达对一个团队的偏爱也 可能是危险的。A. super超级的；B. worthless无价值的；C. magical魔术的，有魔力的;D. negative消极 的，否定的。根据前文“Brazilians love the sport.”可知，巴西人热爱足球，所以关于足球负面的话不受人们 喜欢。故选D。33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对足球说任何负面的话都会带来大麻烦。即使表达对一个团队的偏爱也可 能是危险的。A. beneficial有益的；B. impressive给人深刻印象的；C. dangerous危险的；D. emotional情 绪的,情感的。结合上文巴西的国情“In Brazil, soccer is the one topic that can turn friends into enemies.Brazilians love the sport.”可知，谈论足球可能会化友为敌，是危险的。故选C。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们不谈论他们的个人或事业成就。A. achievements成就，成绩；B. secrets 秘密；C. lives 生活；D. failures 失败。根据下文“Boasting(夸大)your achievements”可知，澳大利亚 人不谈论个人成就，故选A。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：夸大你的成就只会让你成为别人笑话的对象。A. audience观众；B. designer设 计师；C.target目标，攻击对象；D.interpreter 口译者屋夸大个人成就会成为别人笑话的目标，所以澳大 利亚人忌讳谈论个人成就。故选C。第二节语法填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。On December 28th 2021, a winter fishing -themed tourist festival opened at Chagan Lake one of China's 36 (large) freshwater lakes, marking the beginning of the golden season for winter fishing. Over twenty 37 (activity) will be held during the annual festival, 38 runs through Feb 28 next year. The highlightof the event is skiing contests, nature watching and an ice dragon boat 39 (compete).Yet mere decades ago, Chagan Lake was a very different place. By the end of the 1970s, the lake40 (cut) down to only dozens of square kilometers due to drought and overfishing. Thanks to the government, efforts 41 (restore) Chagan to its former glory, the lake now covers an area of 500 square kilometers, 42 its fish resources have also recovered. The lake has received more than 1.8 million visitors so far this year, a 29.4% increase 43(compare) with the same period of the previous year.The charm of ice fishing at Chagan Lake lies in keeping the fishing culture of our ancestors alive and44 (carry) it forward hand-drilling holes through the thick ice and lowering nets into the frosty waters to catch fish. The technique has been listed 45 a national-level form of intangible cultural heritage.【答案】36. largestactivities37. which 39. competitionhad been cut40. to restoreand 43. compared44. carryingin【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了 2021年12月28日，一个冬季捕鱼主题旅游节在查干湖开幕，这 是中国最大的淡水湖之一，标志着冬季捕鱼的黄金季节的开始。一年一度的艺术节将于明年2月28日结 束，期间将举行20多项活动。【36题详解】考查形容词的最高级。句意：2021年12月28日，一个冬季捕鱼主题旅游节在查干湖开幕，这是中国最 大的淡水湖之一，标志着冬季捕鱼的黄金季节的开始。one of修饰形容词的最高级。故填largest。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：一年一度的艺术节将于明年2月28日结束，期间将举行20多项活动。activity“活动”是 可数名词，空前有数词over twenty“超过二十”修饰，故用其复数形式。故填activities。【38题详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：一年一度的艺术节将于明年2月28日结束，期间将举行20多项活动。 在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语的成分，先行词是the annual festivalo故填whicho【39题详解】考查名词。句意：这项活动的亮点是滑雪比赛、观看大自然和冰龙舟比赛。分析句子可知这是三个并列 的名词短语作句子的表语。故填competition。【40题详解】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：到20世纪70年代末，由于干旱和过度捕捞，湖泊面积已减少到只 有几十平方公里。当by构成的时间状语表示过去时，句子的谓语用过去完成时，the lake与cut down是 被动关系。故填had been cut。【41题详解】考查非谓语。句意：多亏了政府努力让查干湖恢复昔日的辉煌。此空用不定式作thegovernme比efforts的 后置定语，故填to restore。【42题详解】考查连词。句意：湖面面积500平方公里，鱼类资源也已恢复。and可以连接两个并列句。故填and。【43题详解】考查非谓语。句意：今年到目前为止，该湖已经接待了 180多万游客，比去年同期增长了 29.4%。固定搭 配be compared with”与相比较”,句子的谓语是故填has received ,故填comparedo【44题详解】考查动词。句意：查干湖冰上捕鱼的魅力在于保持了我们祖先的捕鱼文化的活力，并将其向前推进，用 手在厚厚的冰上钻孔，并将渔网放入冰冷的水中捕鱼。and属于并列连词，连接两个并列的结构，and前 的动词是keeping ,所以and后也填动名词，共同作介词in的宾语。故填carrying。【45题详解】考查介词。句意：该技术已被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。固定搭配be listed in"被列入”故填ino第四部分写作（共三节，满分40分）第一节：根据首字母和汉语提示写出正确的单词。（满分10分）.1 am sure we will have a wonderful time and enjoy each other's（陪伴）.（根据汉语提示单词拼 写）【答案】company【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：我相信我们会度过一段美好的时光，享受彼此的陪伴。each other's后跟名 词，“陪伴”的名词是company,是不可数名词，故填company。47. One of the most proper（策略）may simply be walking away from the problem.（根据汉语提示单词 拼写）【答案】strategies【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：最恰当的策略之一可能就是远离这个问题。“策略”是名词strategy, one of 后要跟名词的复数，因此空格处用复数strategies。故填strategies。48. Obviously, the man is（内行的）in driving.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）【答案】expert【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：显然，这个人是开车的专家。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词expert, 作表语,beexpertin意为"是方面的专家,精通”。故填expert。1. .1 must focus on solving these（尴尬的）questions, so you must leave me alone.（根据汉语提示单 词拼写）【答案】awkward#embarrassing【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：我必须专注于解决这些尴尬的问题，所以你要离我远一点。根据汉语提示“尴 尬的”及“questions”可知此处需要形容词作定语，“尴尬的”可以用形容词awkward/embarrassing表示。 故填 awkward/embarrassing oHe speaks English quite（熟练），which had made a deep impression on us.（根据汉语提示单词拼 写）【答案】fluently【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：他的英语讲得很流利，这给我们留下了深刻的印象。空格处修饰动词 speaks,应用副词，根据汉语提可知，此处使用副词fluently。故填fluently。50. Going from junior high school to senior high school is really a big（挑战）.（根据汉语提示单词拼 写）【答案】challenge【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：从初中进入到高中真的是一个很大的挑战。根据汉语提示“挑战”及空前