中英语言差异与翻译.ppt

EnglishChinesev法治法治人治人治vv刚性刚性柔性柔性vv显性显性隐性隐性vv形摄形摄神摄神摄vv语法型语法型语用型语用型vv树型树型竹型竹型vv形合形合意合意合vv空间架空间架时间架时间架vv科学性科学性人文性人文性vv焦点视焦点视散点视散点视vv主语突出主语突出主题突出主题突出vv立体性立体性平面性平面性vv聚焦型聚焦型流散型流散型vv动词优势动词优势名词优势名词优势vv名词优势名词优势动词优势动词优势vOverview of Language differences from different perspectivesv1.from the development Chinese:vs.Englishself-sufficient vs.opennessStability vs.dramatic changeability Brief introductions to the history of the two languages 2.From the grammarsCovert vs.overt The marks of word speech(prefix.suffix,articles,to do,marks of inflections)Flexibility vs.rigidity I have two books I saw him yesterday My house 我的家、我家From the structures v self-willed vs.legalized 贾宝玉（你死了，我去做和尚）vSemantical vs.Structural(formatic，seven drills)那一阵风起处，星月光辉之下，大吼了一声，忽地跳出一只吊睛白额虎来。Tree-type Sentence vs.Bamboo-type Sentencev积字成句，积句成章 刘勰vThe isolation of the rural world,because of distance and the lack of transport facilities,is compounded by the paucity of the information media.v由于距离远，又缺乏交通工具，使农村社会与外界隔绝，而这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。vBecause there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities,the rural world is isolated.This isolation has become more serious because there are not enough information media.（回译）v1t was on a Sunday evening,when he was lying in the orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem,that he heard the gate swing to,and saw the girl coming running among the trees,with the red-cheeked,stolid Joe in swift pursuit.一个星期日的傍晚，他正躺在果园里一面中听画眉的惆啾，一面在写一首爱情诗，忽然听得大门呼地关上，接着见那姑娘从树丛里奔来，后面飞快地跟着那呆头呆脑的红脸乔。Verb dominant vs.Noun-dominant?Static vs.Dynamic 晴雯先接出来，笑说道：“好，好，要我研了那些墨，早起高兴，只写了三个字，丢下笔就走了，哄的我们等了一日。快来与我写完这些墨才罢！”vQing-wen greeted him with a smile,exclaiming,“A fine one you are!On the spur of the moment you bade me grind ink for you this morning.But you threw down your brush and went away after having written merely three characters.Youve kept me waiting for you the whole day.You are to use up this ink now.Be quick!”v)You must be a very bad learner,or else you must be going to a very bad teacher.v 你一定很不善于学习，要不然就是教你的人很不会教v (8)He stood up to say goodbye to us.v 他站起来向我们道别.v (9)Mr Zhu asked her to answer the question.v 朱老师请她回答问题。From the voice vPassive VS.Active vThe house was sold finally.vThe problem is settled.vSome things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken.v 今晚有人在此讲了不该说的话。From expressionvimage vs.abstract vThe cruel come and go like cities and thrones and powers,leaving their ruinsv behind them.They had no permanence.(G Greence)v 凶残之徒，一个个像达官显贵、君主王公、政客寡头一般，来去匆匆，更迭频繁，哪一个身后不是一堆黄土，谁都没有做到万古长命。Subjective vs objective vImpersonal Vs personal vA fresh idea occurred to him.v 他想到了一个新主意。vA home letter reached my desk.v 我桌子上放了一封家信。vtopic comment vs.SV dominant 结婚的事，我还没有考虑过。今天晚上，很好的月亮。苏州这个地方，就是园林多。这件事你不用操心。You dont need to worry about this.哭是没有用的。It is no use crying.v警察抓住了小偷。(The police caught a thiefv三个小偷都抓住了。(All the three thieves were caught.)v虎是一种动物。(A tiger is an animal.)v昨晚抓住了三个小偷。(Three thieves were caught last night.)v公共汽车上抓住了三个小偷。(Three thieves were caught on the bus.v一把菜刀闹革命。(He began his revolutionary career with a chopping knife.)v这么快盖好了一座房子。(The house was built at an admirable speed.)v处处都有热心人。(There are always warm-hearted people everywhere.)v这件事请保密。(Please keep quite about this.)Loose vs.Focused vInadequatetrainingforfarmersandthelowproductivityofmanyfarmsplacethemajorityofcountrydwellersinadisadvantageouspositionintheirowncountries.v农民缺乏训练，许多农场生产率很低，这就使得大农民缺乏训练，许多农场生产率很低，这就使得大多数农民处于贫穷的困境。多数农民处于贫穷的困境。v走，不早了，只有二十五分钟，叫他们把车子开来，走，不早了，只有二十五分钟，叫他们把车子开来，走吧。雷雨走吧。雷雨v他走进客厅，喝了一口水，看了一会儿电视，又走他走进客厅，喝了一口水，看了一会儿电视，又走回房间温习。回房间温习。v他拿着杂志，看了一眼，摇了摇头，把它放回桌他拿着杂志，看了一眼，摇了摇头，把它放回桌子上。End focus VS.Beginning focus vNothinghashappenedsinceweparted.v自我们别后没发生什么事情。自我们别后没发生什么事情。vIwentoutforawalkafterIhadmydinner.v晚饭后我出去散步。晚饭后我出去散步。vHehastostayathomebecauseheisill.v他病了只得呆在家里。他病了只得呆在家里。vHecannotbeoperateduponasheisveryweak.v他身体很弱不能动手术。他身体很弱不能动手术。vTragediescanbewritteninliteraturesincethereistragedyinlife.v生活中既有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。生活中既有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。v(OrPTS,PSS,PCRS)From the discourse organization vParataxis vs.hypotaxisvRepetition vs.Substitution and omission vUnparalleled vs.paralleled/antithesis vThe Cyclical Structure vs.the Linear StructurevThe General-particular Order vs.the Particular-general Order vthe Correlative Mode vs.the Detached Modev汉语篇章：起承转合 英语 focus-central idea supporting ideasv“It may be safely assumed that,ten thousand years ago,before Caesar set foot in southern Britain,the whole countryside visible from the windows of the room,in which I write,was in what is called the state of nature.”v“赫胥黎独处一室之中，在英伦之南，背山而面野，栏外之境，历历如在几下。乃悬想两千年前，当罗马大将凯撒未到时，此间有何景物。”ExampleRocket research has confirmed a strange fact which had already been suspected there is a“high temperature belt”in the atmosphere,with its center roughly thirty miles above the groundComparison of the two versionsvA:用火箭进行研究已证实了人们早就有过怀用火箭进行研究已证实了人们早就有过怀疑的大气层的一个中心在距地面疑的大气层的一个中心在距地面30英里高空英里高空的的“高温带高温带”的这种奇怪的事实。的这种奇怪的事实。vB:人们早就怀疑，大气层中有一个人们早就怀疑，大气层中有一个“高温带高温带”，其中心在距地面，其中心在距地面30英里的高空。利用火英里的高空。利用火箭进行研究后，这一奇异的事实已得到证实。箭进行研究后，这一奇异的事实已得到证实。v浙江省有个嘉兴县，嘉兴县有个图书馆，图浙江省有个嘉兴县，嘉兴县有个图书馆，图书馆开办了一家小书店，小书店的老板是范书馆开办了一家小书店，小书店的老板是范笑我。笑我。”中华读书报中华读书报2005/12/28日林希日林希,“贩书之趣贩书之趣”v：“说过了钱，就该说故事：有个农村叫张说过了钱，就该说故事：有个农村叫张家庄。张家庄有个张木匠。张木匠有个好老家庄。张家庄有个张木匠。张木匠有个好老婆，外号叫个婆，外号叫个小飞蛾小飞蛾。”“登记登记v：“刘家峧有两个神仙，临近各村无人不晓：刘家峧有两个神仙，临近各村无人不晓：一个是前庄上的二诸葛，一个是后庄上的三一个是前庄上的二诸葛，一个是后庄上的三仙姑仙姑”；再比如；再比如“模范不模范，从东往西看，模范不模范，从东往西看，东头吃烙饼，西头喝稀饭。东头吃烙饼，西头喝稀饭。”小二黑结婚Aesthetic values vEmptyvs.fullvFuzzyvs.precisionandclearnessv昔我往矣，杨柳昔我往矣，杨柳依依依依。v今我来思，雨雪今我来思，雨雪霏霏霏霏。v诗诗小雅小雅采薇采薇vBurtonWatson:Longago,wesetoutvWhenwillowswererichandgreenvNowwecomebackvThroughthicklyfallingsnowv许渊冲译：v When I left here,v Willows shed tear.v I come back now v Snow bends the bough.Discussion v轻快的龙舟如银河流星，瑰丽的彩船似海市轻快的龙舟如银河流星，瑰丽的彩船似海市蜃楼，两岸那金碧辉煌的彩楼连成灯舞回旋蜃楼，两岸那金碧辉煌的彩楼连成灯舞回旋千姿百态，汽船腾起一江春潮，射击手点破千姿百态，汽船腾起一江春潮，射击手点破满天彩球，还有雀鸟争鸣，花卉盆景竞艳，满天彩球，还有雀鸟争鸣，花卉盆景竞艳，书画、工艺展览铺出琳琅满目的画廊书画、工艺展览铺出琳琅满目的画廊啊，啊，滨江城是不夜城，龙舟会是群英会滨江城是不夜城，龙舟会是群英会。vThelightsomedragon-boatsappearontheriverasthoughthestarstwinkleinthemilkway.Thesplendidawningsingreenandgoldchainintoapalaceofcrystal.Isthisafairylandorameredream?Lookingabove,youcanseethedovesflyingabout;lookingbelow,youcanseethesailinglampsglittering.Cracklingarethefireworks,whichpresentyouapictureoffierytreesandsilverflowers.Circlingarethelantern-dancers,whopresentyouwithavariationofexquisitemanner.Overthere,vthemotorboatsareplowingthewater,thusatidestirsup.Overthere,Themarksmenareshootingtotheirtargets,thuscolorfulbeadswhirlaround.Besides,thebirdschirping,thepottedlandscapescharm,theexhibitionofartsandpainting,allclaimastrongappealtoyou.Therefore,weshouldsay:Binjiangisacityofnonight;itsDragon-BoatFestivalagatheringofheroesComments by American journalist on the translation vMyfirstreactionwasunfortunatelylaughterbecauselaughterbecauseitissofullofmistakes.ItomitssomenecessaryinformationabouttheDragon-BoatFestival,includingitshistoricaloriginsandwhenitactuallytakesplace.ThesethingsareimportantThecopyseemstotryto“snow”thereaderwithfanciful,overblownassertionsabouthowterrificitallis,butinunintentionallyhilariouslanguagethatleavesthereaderlaughingoutuninformedvThe brochure also suffers from lack of background material,the taking-it-for-granted that the reader already is familiar with many aspects of Chinese history and culture It doesnt tell you where to go,how to get there,when things are open and closed,how much they cost,and so forth.All these are things people visiting an area want to know.vWhy is it that many Chinese travel guides read basically the same no matter what region is being written about,and are so packed with indiscriminate hyperbole?Less exaggeration would actually be more convincing.Discussion v1)DoyouagreewiththeAmericansopinion?v2)Thereseemstobesomethingwrong,whatisit?Whoistobeblamed,thewriteroftheoriginal,thetranslator,ortheAmericanwhoknowslittleabouttheChineselanguageandculture?v原文：上海某年桂花节有这样一篇文字介绍：“满树金花，芳香四溢的金桂；花白如雪，香气扑鼻的银黄，花多味浓的紫砂桂；花色似银，季季有花的四季桂，竞相开放，争妍媲美。进入桂林公园，阵阵桂花香扑鼻而来。”（汉英时文翻译 P78）.v译文：The Park of Sweet Osmanthus is noted for its profusion of osmanthus.Flowers form these trees in different colors are in full bloom,which pervade the whole garden with fragrance of their blossoms.（段中摘句译）原文vA fascinating city between sea and sky,like Venus rising from the waves,Venice welcomes tourists from the five continents drawn to her by the charm of her water and pellucid light,free from all dust and cooled by the sea breeze.She also offers the intellectual pleasures to be derived from her masterpieces which mark the meeting of East and West.v清威尼斯水城海天相连，景色迷人，宛如碧波中涌现的维纳斯，吸引着五大洲的游客。她水色旖旎,波光澄澈,清风拂面而来,荡去你心中的不快与烦恼。而域中那些集东西方艺术之大成的杰作,更给人以精神上的享受。Conclusion in aesthetic differences vWest:imitation and reproduction Aristotle etc.v美学的最高境界：照事物应有的样子去摹仿。v绘画、建筑、语言vBrevity is the soul of wit.ShakespearevA proper word in a proper place is good English.v简洁自然，直观可感。vChina：神韵、格调、性灵、境界v书画：笔墨意趣，气韵生动，传神，神似，虚实v建筑：实用审美，情趣功能、平面展开与时间流程v 语言:四六骈体，声律对仗，含蓄空灵、工整对称、音韵和美v“遗形写神”，“意境两忘，物我一体”王国维文心雕龙物色 v“岁有其物，物有其容；情以物迂，辞以情发。”v是以诗人感物，联类不穷。流连万象之际，沉吟视听之区，写气图貌，既随物以宛转；属采附声，亦与心而徘徊。故“灼灼”状桃花之鲜，“依依”尽杨柳之貌，“杲杲”为出日之容，“瀌瀌”拟雨雪之状，“喈喈”逐黄鸟之声，“喓喓”学草虫之韵。“皎日”、“嘒星”，一言穷理；“参差”、“沃若”，两字连形：并以少总多，情貌无遗矣虽复思经千载，将何易夺？vCase studyv两弯似蹙非蹙笼烟眉，一双两弯似蹙非蹙笼烟眉，一双似喜非喜含情目。态生两靥似喜非喜含情目。态生两靥之愁，娇袭一身之病。之愁，娇袭一身之病。泪泪光点点，娇喘微微。闲静似光点点，娇喘微微。闲静似娇花照水，行动如弱柳扶风。娇花照水，行动如弱柳扶风。心较比干多一窍，病如心较比干多一窍，病如西西子胜三分。子胜三分。vHerduskyarchedeyebrowswereknittedandyetnotfrowning,herspeakingeyesheldbothmerrimentandsorrow;herveryfrailtyhadcharmvHereyessparkledwithtears,herbreathwassoftandfaint.v.Inreposeshewaslikealovelyflowermirroredinthewater;inmotion,apliantwillowswayinginthewind.ShelookedmoresensitivethanPikan1,moredelicatethanHsiShih2.v1.AprincenotedforhisgreatintelligenceattheendoftheShangDynasty.v2.AfamousbeautyoftheancientkingdomofYuch.Searlett Ohara was not beautiful,but men seldom realized it when caught by her charm as the Tarleton twins were.In her face were too sharply blended the delicate features of her mother,a Coast aristocrat of French descent,and the heavy ones of her florid Irish father.But it was an arresting face,pointed of chin,square of jaw.Her eyes were pale green without a touch of hazel,starred with bristly black lashes and slightly tilted at the ends.Above them,her thick black brows slanted upward,cutting a startling oblique line in her magnolia-white skinthat skin so prized by Southern women and so carefully guarded with bonnets,veils and mittens against hot Georgia suns.v那郝思嘉小姐长得并不美，可是极富魅力，男人见了她，往往要着迷，就像汤家那一对双胞胎兄弟似的。原来这位小姐脸上显然混杂着两种特质：一种是母亲给她的娇柔，一种是父亲给她的豪爽。因为她母亲是个法兰西血统的海滨贵族，父亲是个皮色深浓的爱尔兰人，所以遗传给她的质地难免不调和。质地虽然不调和，她那一张脸蛋儿实在迷人得很，下巴颏儿尖尖的，牙床骨儿方方的。她的眼珠子是一味的淡绿色，不杂一丝儿的茶褐，周围竖着一圈儿粗黑的睫毛，服角微微有点翘。上面斜竖者两撇墨黑的蛾眉，在她那木兰花一般白的皮肤上，划出两条异常惹眼的斜线。就是她那一身皮肤，也正是南方女人最最喜爱的，谁要长着这样的皮肤，就要拿帽子、面罩、手套之类当心保护着，舍不得让那大热的阳光晒黑。Response from an American friend vI can hardly see,through this passage,a beauty before my eyes,the overwhelming impression being that the young woman is frail and pale.When we say somebodys breath is soft and faint,we do believe that she or he is fatally sick and should be hospitalized as soon as possible.(Bill Hofman)Your ideas on the differences of the aesthetic values of Feminine beautyvSubjective vs.objectivevFeminine vs.strong-willedvDelicate vs.healthy vHolistic vs.individualized(color of hair,eyes and complexion)vFuzzy vs.clear/precise vUnconventional vs.conventional