《系统解剖学》教学资料双语庞磊内脏总论消化一.ppt

Splanchnology AndThe Alimentary System主讲：庞主讲：庞 磊磊Department of AnatomyHUBEI UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE目的和要求目的和要求 1 1掌握掌握胸部标志线和腹部的分区胸部标志线和腹部的分区 2.2.掌握消化系统的组成掌握消化系统的组成 3.3.掌握掌握口腔、咽峡的构成、牙、舌的形态结构特征，口腔、咽峡的构成、牙、舌的形态结构特征，颏舌肌的位置和作用，唾液腺的位置和开口颏舌肌的位置和作用，唾液腺的位置和开口 5 5掌握掌握咽的位置、分部咽的位置、分部 6.6.掌握掌握食管的分部及狭窄部位食管的分部及狭窄部位 Chapter 4 The General DescriptionDifinition:means the study of viscera1.alimentary system2.respiratory system3.urinary system 4.genital systemAssociation:morphology location function origin内脏的共同特点内脏的共同特点 1.1.位置：位于位置：位于胸腔胸腔、腹腔腹腔和和盆腔盆腔内内 2.2.结构：有管道与外界相通结构：有管道与外界相通 3.3.功能：物质代谢与繁衍后代功能：物质代谢与繁衍后代 4.4.发生：呼吸、消化系统主要器官来源于内胚层发生：呼吸、消化系统主要器官来源于内胚层 泌尿、生殖系统主要器官来源于外胚层泌尿、生殖系统主要器官来源于外胚层.The general structure of viscera)The tubular organ 中空性器官中空性器官 mucosa submucosa muscular coats serosa/adventitia)The parenchymatous organ 实质性器官实质性器官 hilum/porta实质性器官的一般结构实质性器官的一般结构1.1.表面被膜或浆膜表面被膜或浆膜2.2.被膜深入实质小叶被膜深入实质小叶3.3.血管神经功能型管道出入部位门血管神经功能型管道出入部位门kidneyliverlung )胸部标志线胸部标志线 1.Anterior median line 2.Sternal line 3.Midclavicular line 4.Parasternal line 5.Anterior axillary line 6.Posterior axillary line 7.Midaxillary line 8.Scapular line 9.Posterior median line前前正正中中线线胸骨线胸骨线锁骨中线锁骨中线胸骨旁线胸骨旁线腋前线腋前线腋后线腋后线腋腋中中线线肩胛线肩胛线后后正正中中线线.The reference line and abdominal regions右季肋区右季肋区腹上区腹上区左季肋区左季肋区右腹外侧区右腹外侧区脐脐 区区左腹外侧区左腹外侧区右髂区右髂区腹下区腹下区左髂区左髂区)Abdominal regions 腹部的分区腹部的分区Nine-area method：两条横线两条横线两条纵线两条纵线2.2.腹部的分区腹部的分区Quadrants：一横线一横线一垂直一垂直右上腹右上腹 左上腹左上腹右下腹右下腹左下腹左下腹消化系统消化系统The Alimentary SystemChapter 5 Mouth口腔口腔 Pharynx咽咽 Esophagus食管食管 Stomach胃胃 Small intestine小肠小肠 Large intestine大肠大肠 Duodenum Jejunum Ileum CompositionDigestive glands消化腺消化腺Superior digestive tube Inferior digestive tube Digestive tube 消化管消化管Digestive glands消化腺消化腺Major salivary glands大唾液腺大唾液腺 Liver肝肝Pancreas胰胰Function:ingestion,digestion,absorption,egestionSection 1 The Oral Cavity 口腔口腔Consists of two parts:1.Oral vestibule 口腔前庭口腔前庭 between cheeks and lip and teeth 2.Oral cavity proper 固有口腔固有口腔 within arch of teeth 口腔前庭口腔前庭固有口腔固有口腔插管部位插管部位BoundariesAnterior and lateral:gum and teethPosterior:isthmus of faucesRoof:palate Floor:tongue,muscles and mucous membrane 口裂口裂 口角口角 鼻唇沟鼻唇沟 人中人中 牙龈牙龈 唇系带唇系带.Oral lips 口唇口唇.Cheek 颊颊Papilla of parotid duct 腮腺管乳头腮腺管乳头颊黏膜上的突起，颊黏膜上的突起，平对上颌第二磨牙牙冠，平对上颌第二磨牙牙冠，是腮腺导管的开口是腮腺导管的开口Two parts anterior 2/3,formed by the maxilla and palatine bone posterior 1/3，Velum palatinum 腭帆腭帆 Uvula 腭垂腭垂Palatoglossal arch 腭舌弓腭舌弓Palatopharyngeal arch 腭咽弓腭咽弓isthmus of fauces咽峽咽峽.Palate 腭腭腭中缝腭中缝Hard palate:Soft palate:)General featuresTwo sets:Deciduous teeth乳牙乳牙 Permanent teeth恒牙恒牙Classification:Incisors 切牙切牙 Canine 尖牙尖牙Premolars 前磨牙前磨牙Molars 磨牙磨牙.Teeth恒牙的名称恒牙的名称乳牙的名称乳牙的名称牙位记录法牙位记录法右上区右上区A左下区左下区D右下区右下区C左上区左上区B 6 5 4 3 2 1 用表示恒切牙恒磨牙用表示恒切牙恒磨牙 用用表示乳切牙乳磨牙表示乳切牙乳磨牙 牙位记录法牙位记录法牙冠牙冠(crown of tooth)牙颈牙颈(neck of tooth)牙根牙根(root of tooth)(一一)牙的形态牙的形态.Teeth )Calcified tissues 牙组织牙组织牙髓牙髓3.3.牙本质牙本质 4.4.牙牙 髓髓2.2.牙骨质牙骨质1.1.牙釉质牙釉质 )Periodontal tissue 牙周组织牙周组织 牙周膜牙周膜 牙槽骨牙槽骨 牙龈牙龈.Tongue 舌舌)MorphologyTwo parts:v-shaped terminal sulcus 界沟界沟Body of tongue 舌体舌体Root of tongue 舌根舌根apex of tongue 舌尖舌尖the foramen cecum of tongue 舌盲孔舌盲孔)Lingual mucous membrane Papillae of tongue 舌乳头舌乳头Filiform papillae fungiform papillae foliate papillaevallate papillae Lingual tonsil 舌扁桃体舌扁桃体 masses of submucosal lymphoid tissue on the root of tonguecontain taste buds )Muscles of tongue舌肌舌肌Intrinsic muscles of tongue Extrinsic muscles of tongue Genioglossus颏舌肌颏舌肌Arises from mental spine of mandible and inserts into either side of midline of tongueAction:acting together draw tongue forward and downward;acting along making apex of tongue to opposite side.Major salivary glands)Parotid gland 腮腺腮腺Superficial partDeep partParotid duct:opposite the upper second molar tooth)Submandibular gland下颌下腺下颌下腺Position:lies in submandibular triangleDuct opens on to sublingual caruncle position:situated beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of mouthDucts Major sublingual gland ductopens onto the sublingual caruncleMinor sublingual ductsopen onto the sublingual fold)Sublingual gland舌下腺舌下腺Section two The Pharynx 咽咽.Location and General featuresA fibromuscular tube,part of digestive and respiratory systemsExtends from base of skull to the inferior border of cricoid cartilage(lower border of C6 level).Division Three segments)Nasopharynx鼻咽鼻咽 posterior to nasal cavitiesExtends from the base of skull to level of soft palateFeaturesPharyngeal opening of auditory tube咽鼓管咽口咽鼓管咽口Tubal torus咽鼓管圆枕咽鼓管圆枕Pharyngeal recess咽隐窝咽隐窝Tubal tonsil咽鼓管扁桃体咽鼓管扁桃体Pharyngeal tonsil咽扁桃体咽扁桃体)Oropharynx口咽口咽 posterior to oral cavitynbetween soft palate nand epiglottisnFeaturesnMedian glossoepiglottic foldn舌会厌正中襞舌会厌正中襞nEpiglottic vallecula会厌谷会厌谷nPalatine tonsil腭扁桃体腭扁桃体Lymphatic ring咽淋巴环咽淋巴环consists of pharyngeal tonsil,tubal tonsil,Palatine tonsil,and lingual tonsil,forming a circular band of lymphoid tissue at oropharyngeal isthmus)Laryngopharynx 喉咽喉咽Extends from upper border of epiglottis to the level of lower border of C6Piriform recess 梨状隐窝梨状隐窝a deep depression on each side of aperture of larynx颈部颈部胸胸部部腹腹部部Section 3 The Esophagus食管食管.General features a muscular tube about 25cm long,connecting the pharynx at level of C6 vertebra,passes through the diaphragm at level of T11 vertebra and after 12 cm enters the stomach Division:Cervical part Thoracic part Abdominal part123.Three constrictions 1.At its beginning,15cm from incisors,lies at level of C6,is the narrowest part of the esophagus2.Where it is crossed by left main bronchus,25cm from incisors,lies at level of intervertebral disc between T4 and T5.3.Where it passes through the esophageal hiatus of diaphragm,40cm from incisors,at level of T10小小 结结概念概念：上消化道、咽峽、咽淋巴环：上消化道、咽峽、咽淋巴环思考题思考题：1.1.牙按形态和功能可分哪几类？牙按形态和功能可分哪几类？举例说明如何用牙式来表示恒牙和乳牙？举例说明如何用牙式来表示恒牙和乳牙？2.2.咽的位置和分部如何？咽的位置和分部如何？3.3.试述食管的三处生理性狭窄及临床意义？试述食管的三处生理性狭窄及临床意义？Thank you!