第二版-现代大学英语精读-3-Unit1-Your--College--Years讲课稿课件.ppt

第二版现代大学英语精读3Unit1Your-College-YearscontentsuPart One:Part One:Warm-upWarm-upuPart Two:Part Two:Background InformationBackground InformationuPart Three:Part Three:Text AppreciationText AppreciationuPart Four:Part Four:Language StudyLanguage StudyuPart Five:Part Five:Exercises Exercises Part 1 Part 1 Warm-upWarm-up u Warm-up questionsWarm-up questionsu CollegeYearsvs.SeasonsCollegeYearsvs.SeasonsWarm-up QuestionsWarm-up Questions1.Asasophomore,whatisyourgeneralimpressionofcollege?thegoldentimeinoneslifemanyopportunitiesforonetoexploretheunknownexperiencingalotmakinglifelongfriendsenjoyingvariouskindsofactivitiesdevelopingonespersonalinterestskeepingagoodbalanceandlayingasolidfoundation2.Haveyouexperiencedanythingdifferentfromyourmiddleschoollife?beingfarawayfromhomelivingwithothersbecomingindependenttakingcareofoneselfhandlingonesownfinancemakingonesowndecisionschangesareoccurring3.Whatsyourpurposeofreceivingacollegeeducation?togetandkeepagoodjobtoearnmoremoneytogetagoodstartinlifetofullydeveloponeselftocontributemoretothesociety4.Haveyouhadanypsychologicalproblemseversinceyouenteredcollege?lonelinessconfusionfrustrationjealousyasenseofinferiorityfeelingpressure5.Istheregenerationgapbetweenyourparentsandyou?uCollegeYearsvs.SeasonsuWhatdoyouthinkthefourseasonsrepresentandexplainwhy?CollegeYearsvs.SeasonsuSpringSummerSophomore FreshmanJuniorSeniorFreshman:SpringSpringistheseasonfornaturetorevive,togrowandtogetreadytoboom.Similarly,incollege,springistheseasonforyoutoacquireknowledge,todevelopyourselfandtolayasolidfoundationforthefuture.Itstheseasonofgrowth.Sophomore:SummerSummeristheseasonforflowerstobloom,anditstheseasonforyoutoenjoythegreatestpassioninnaturelove,lovefromyourclassmates,fromyourteachersandfromyourromance.Itistheseasonofaffection.Junior:AutumnItstheseasonforyoutoenjoywhatyouhaveachieved.Autumnisaseasonofharvest.Senior:WinterWinteristheharshestseasonofthefour,whichpresentssomanydifficultiesandhardships.Sowinteristheseasonofchange.Unpleasantasitmayseemtosomestudents,itissimplyinescapableandbeneficialtoonesgrowthandmaturity.u大一大一彷徨彷徨u大二大二呐喊呐喊u大三大三伤势伤势u大四大四朝花夕拾朝花夕拾Part 2 Part 2 Background InformationBackground InformationPartIIBackgroundInformationI.AuthorBobHartmanwasborninPittsburgh,theUnitedStates,andmovedtoEnglandinthesummerof2000.Hehasbeenworkingasastorytellerforchildrenforover12years.Heuseshisdynamicandinteractivestyletoentertainaudiences.Heisalsoapart-timepastor.uHelovestohelpchildren(andadults!)createtheirown stories on the spot.He runs practicalworkshopsforadultswhowanttoimprovetheirstorytelling skills.Whatever the occasion,Bobsstorytellingsessionsarealwaysexciting,engagingand,aboveall,interactive!uWell-knownfortheLionStorytellerseriesandthehighlyacclaimedAngels,AngelsAllAround,Bobspublications also include Easter Stories and TheComplete Bible Baddies.For adults,Bob haswrittenTellingtheBibleandTellingtheBible2-aseriesofretellingsofpassagesfromtheBibleforindividualandgroupperformance-andAnyoneCan Tell a Story,full of Bobs tips for greatstorytelling.A selection of books by Bob HartmanII.ErikH.EricksonErik H.Erikson(19021994),was aGerman-born American psychoanalystwhose writings on social psychology,individualidentity,andtheinteractionsofpsychologywithhistory,politics,andcultureinfluencedprofessionalapproaches to psychosocial problemsandattractedmuchpopularinterest.Hewas most famous for his work onrefining and expanding Freuds theoryofdevelopmentalstages.III.EricksonsDevelopmentalStagesBasic Theory:Babies are born with some basiccapabilities and distinct temperaments.But they gothrough dramatic changes on the way to adulthoodandoldage.AccordingtopsychologistErikH.Erikson,each individual passes through eight developmentalstages.Each developmental stage is characterized by adifferent psychological crisis,which must beresolved by the individual before the individualcanmoveontothenextstage.Ifthepersoncopeswithaparticularcrisisinamaladaptive不不适适应应的的,不不利利于于适适应应的的manner,theoutcomewillbemorestruggleswiththatissuelaterinlife.ToErikson,thesequenceofthestagesaresetbynature.Itiswithinthesetlimitsthatnurtureworksitsways.人格发展的八阶段理论人格发展的八阶段理论u埃里克森认为，人的自我意识发展持续一生，他埃里克森认为，人的自我意识发展持续一生，他把自我意识的形成和发展过程划分为八个阶段，把自我意识的形成和发展过程划分为八个阶段，这八个阶段的顺序是由这八个阶段的顺序是由遗传遗传决定的，但是每一阶决定的，但是每一阶段能否顺利度过却是由环境决定的，段能否顺利度过却是由环境决定的，所以这个理所以这个理论可称为论可称为心理社会心理社会阶段理论。每一个阶段都是阶段理论。每一个阶段都是不可忽视的。他的人格终生发展论，为不同年龄不可忽视的。他的人格终生发展论，为不同年龄段的教育提供了理论依据和教育内容，任何年龄段的教育提供了理论依据和教育内容，任何年龄段的教育失误，都会给一个人的终生发展造成障段的教育失误，都会给一个人的终生发展造成障碍。它也告诉每个人你为什么会成为现在这个样碍。它也告诉每个人你为什么会成为现在这个样子，你的心理品质哪些是积极的，哪些是消极的，子，你的心理品质哪些是积极的，哪些是消极的，多在哪个年龄段形成的，给你以反思的依据。多在哪个年龄段形成的，给你以反思的依据。Stage1:InfantTrustvsMistrustNeedsmaximumcomfortwithminimaluncertaintytotrusthimself/herself,others,andtheenvironment.婴儿期（婴儿期（01.5岁）：基本信任和不信任的心理冲突岁）：基本信任和不信任的心理冲突 此阶段的发展任务是获得信任感，克服不信任感。此阶段的发展任务是获得信任感，克服不信任感。uStage2:ToddlerAutonomyvsShameandDoubtWorkstomasterphysicalenvironmentwhilemaintainingself-esteem.u儿童早期（儿童早期（1.53岁）：自主与害羞和怀疑的岁）：自主与害羞和怀疑的冲突冲突u这一时期，儿童掌握了大量的技能，如，爬、走、这一时期，儿童掌握了大量的技能，如，爬、走、说话等。更重要的是他们学会了怎样坚持或放弃，说话等。更重要的是他们学会了怎样坚持或放弃，也就是说儿童开始也就是说儿童开始“有意志有意志”地决定做什么或不做地决定做什么或不做什么。什么。uStage3:PreschoolerInitiativevsGuiltBeginstoinitiate,notimitate,activities;developsconscienceandsexualidentity.u学前期（学前期（36岁）：主动对内疚的冲突岁）：主动对内疚的冲突u在这一时期如果幼儿表现出的主动探究行为在这一时期如果幼儿表现出的主动探究行为受到鼓励，幼儿就会形成主动性，这为他将来成受到鼓励，幼儿就会形成主动性，这为他将来成为一个有责任感、有创造力的人奠定了基础。如为一个有责任感、有创造力的人奠定了基础。如果成人讥笑幼儿的独创行为和想象力，那么幼儿果成人讥笑幼儿的独创行为和想象力，那么幼儿就会逐渐失去自信心，这使他们更倾向于生活在就会逐渐失去自信心，这使他们更倾向于生活在别人为他们安排好的狭窄圈子里，缺乏自己开创别人为他们安排好的狭窄圈子里，缺乏自己开创幸福生活的主动性。幸福生活的主动性。uStage4:School-ageChildIndustryvsInferiorityTriestodevelopasenseofself-worthbyrefiningskills.u学龄期（学龄期（612岁），勤奋对自卑的冲突岁），勤奋对自卑的冲突u这一阶段的儿童都应在学校接受教育。学校这一阶段的儿童都应在学校接受教育。学校是训练儿童适应社会、掌握今后生活所必需的知是训练儿童适应社会、掌握今后生活所必需的知识和技能的地方。如果他们能顺利地完成学习课识和技能的地方。如果他们能顺利地完成学习课程，他们就会获得勤奋感，这使他们在今后的独程，他们就会获得勤奋感，这使他们在今后的独立生活和承担工作任务中充满信心。反之，就会立生活和承担工作任务中充满信心。反之，就会产生自卑。产生自卑。Stage5:AdolescentIdentityvsRoleConfusionTriesintegratingmanyroles(child,sibling,student,athlete,worker)intoaself-imageunderrolemodelandpeerpressure.青春期（青春期（1218岁）：自我同一性和角色混乱的冲岁）：自我同一性和角色混乱的冲突突 一方面青少年本能冲动的高涨会带来问题，另一一方面青少年本能冲动的高涨会带来问题，另一方面更重要的是青少年面临新的社会要求和社会的冲方面更重要的是青少年面临新的社会要求和社会的冲突而感到困扰和混乱。所以，青少年期的主要任务是突而感到困扰和混乱。所以，青少年期的主要任务是建立一个新的同一感或自己在别人眼中的形象，以及建立一个新的同一感或自己在别人眼中的形象，以及他在社会集体中所占的情感位置。这一阶段的危机是他在社会集体中所占的情感位置。这一阶段的危机是角色混乱。角色混乱。“这种统一性的感觉也是一种不断增强的自信心，一这种统一性的感觉也是一种不断增强的自信心，一种在过去的经历中形成的内在持续性和同一感（一种在过去的经历中形成的内在持续性和同一感（一个人心理上的自我）。如果这种自我感觉与一个人个人心理上的自我）。如果这种自我感觉与一个人在他人心目中的感觉相称，很明显这将为一个人的在他人心目中的感觉相称，很明显这将为一个人的生涯增添绚丽的色彩生涯增添绚丽的色彩”。u埃里克森把同一性危机理论用于解释青少年对社会埃里克森把同一性危机理论用于解释青少年对社会不满和犯罪等社会问题上，他说：如果一个儿童感不满和犯罪等社会问题上，他说：如果一个儿童感到他所处于的环境剥夺了他在未来发展中获得自我到他所处于的环境剥夺了他在未来发展中获得自我同一性的种种可能性，他就将以令人吃惊的力量抵同一性的种种可能性，他就将以令人吃惊的力量抵抗社会环境。在人类社会的丛林中，没有同一性的抗社会环境。在人类社会的丛林中，没有同一性的感觉，就没有自身的存在，所以，他宁做一个坏人，感觉，就没有自身的存在，所以，他宁做一个坏人，或干脆死人般的活着，也不愿做不伦不类的人，他或干脆死人般的活着，也不愿做不伦不类的人，他自由地选择这一切。自由地选择这一切。uuStage6:YoungAdultIntimacyvsIsolationLearnstomakepersonalcommitmenttoanotherasspouse,parentorpartner.u成人早期（成人早期（1825岁）：亲密对孤独的冲突岁）：亲密对孤独的冲突uStage7:Middle-AgeAdultGenerativityvsStagnationSeekssatisfactionthroughproductivityincareer,family,andcivicinterests.u成年中期（成年中期（2550岁）：生育对自我专注的冲岁）：生育对自我专注的冲突突uStage8:OlderAdultIntegrityvsDespairReviewslifeaccomplishments,dealswithlossandpreparesfordeath.u成年晚期（成年晚期（50岁以上）：自我调整与绝望期的岁以上）：自我调整与绝望期的冲突冲突u埃里克森认为，在每一个心理社会发展阶段中，埃里克森认为，在每一个心理社会发展阶段中，解决了核心问题之后所产生的人格特质，都包括解决了核心问题之后所产生的人格特质，都包括了积极与消极两方面的品质，如果各个阶段都保了积极与消极两方面的品质，如果各个阶段都保持向积极品质发展，就算完成了这阶段的任务，持向积极品质发展，就算完成了这阶段的任务，逐渐实现了健全的人格，否则就会产生心理社会逐渐实现了健全的人格，否则就会产生心理社会危机，出现危机，出现情绪障碍情绪障碍，形成不健全的人格。，形成不健全的人格。PartIIITextAnalysisI.ThemeofthetextCollegeisdesignedtobeatimeofchangesforstudents.Collegestudentsareexperiencingalot.Threateningthechangesmaybe,theycontributetoyoungadultsgrowthandmaturity.StructureKeychangeswillhappenduringcollegeyears.(para.1)Keychangesindetail.(para.2-9)Restating thethesis:significance(para.10)Thesis:Supportive ideas:Thesis consolidation:bydefinition,explanation,citation,antithesis,exampleSkimminguQ:Whatarethekeychangeswhichwillprobablyhappenincollegeyears?The Key Changes(7)1.identitycrisis2.theindependence/dependencestruggle;3.establishmentofsexualidentity;4.affectiongivingandreceiving;5.internalizationofreligiousfaith,valuesandmorals;6.developmentofnewwaystoorganizeanduseknowledge;7.newunderstandingoftheworldandhimself/herself.Para.2Para.3-4Para.5Para.6Para.7Para.8Para.9Q:Canyoufindthedefinitionof“identity”inpara.2?Howpeopleperceivethemselvesandhowotherpeopleperceivethem.uQ:Howdocollegestudentsgothroughanidentitycrisisatcollege?Whatfactorsmayinfluenceidentity?uStudentsendeavortofindoutwhotheyareandwhattheirstrengthsandweaknessesare.Theywanttoknowhowotherpeopleperceivethemselvesaswell.uIdentitymaybeinfluencedbygenes,environmentandopportunities.uQ:AccordingtoJefferyA.Hoffmansobservation,therearefourdistinctaspectstopsychologicalseparationfromonesparents.Whatarethey?uFunctionalindependence.uAttitudinalindependence.uEmotionalindependence.uFreedomfromexcessivefeelings(“excessiveguilt,anxiety,mistrust,responsibility,inhibition,resentment,andangerinrelationtothemotherandfather.”)Q:Arecollegestudentstotallyindependentfromtheparents?Why?(paras.3-4)No.Theymaybecomefinanciallyindependentfromtheirparentsinpursuingforacollegeeducation.Buttheyhavechosentogrowandlearnhowtobeindependent.ENTERuQ:Whatmaybeoneofthemoststressfulmatterscollegestudentsexperienceaccordingtotheauthor?uEstablishingtheirsexualidentity.Itincludesrelatingtotheoppositesexandprojectingtheirfuturerolesasmenorwomen.uQ:Howdocollegestudentsbecomeworldcitizens?uAtcollege,theyoungadultshavegoodchancestomeetpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Byinteractingwiththem,theyareintroducedtonewwaysoflife.Theybegintounderstandlifeindifferentways.Bydoingthese,theyexperienceanewunderstandingoftheworldandthemselves.Language studyThesisIdentifyingthreequestions：HaveyoueverconsideredHasiteveroccurredtoyouHasiteverdawnedonyouThesis:Thoughcollegestudentsseldomthinkaboutthem,keychangeswillprobablyhappentothemduringtheircollegeyears.Para.1Itoccurstosb.that/todoutocomeintoonesmind想起；想到想起；想到ue.g.Itneveroccurredtomethatwealthcouldruinapersonslife.uItneveroccurredtohimtolockhisdoorinthedaytime.u我突然想到她可能没说实话。我突然想到她可能没说实话。uItoccurredtomethatshemightnotbetellingthetruth.To be continued on the next page.uSynonyms：utocomeintoonesmind;ue.g.Anewideacameintomymind.uItstrikessb.thatuItstruckherthatalthoughshewasnowrich,shewasnotreallyhappy.todawnon/uponsb.to gradually become clear to someones mind;tobecomeevidenttosomeone.逐渐明白逐渐明白uItfinallydawnedonmethathehadbeenlying.u最后我才明白他一直在撒谎。最后我才明白他一直在撒谎。uThetruthbegantodawnonhim.u他开始明白真相他开始明白真相。udevelopmentalchanges:Thisisapsychologicaltermwhich refers to the physiological and behavioralchangesthroughoutoneslife.ufrom adolescence to young adulthood:The termadolescence began as a Western concept,whichmeanstheperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood.fromadolescencetoyoungadulthoodisoftenmarkedbyanumberofsmallchangesinstatusduringorneartheendofadolescence.Translation of Para.1u你是否考虑过，作为一名大学生，你的生活你是否考虑过，作为一名大学生，你的生活现在起着什么变化，将来又会有什么变化？你是现在起着什么变化，将来又会有什么变化？你是否想过，大学教授和其他教职工为了你大学时代否想过，大学教授和其他教职工为了你大学时代的成长和发展制定了目标吗？你是否想过，在的成长和发展制定了目标吗？你是否想过，在你你由青春期迈向成年的过程中，你的生活将发生某由青春期迈向成年的过程中，你的生活将发生某些成长变化吗些成长变化吗？虽然大学生们很少思考这些问？虽然大学生们很少思考这些问题，题，但是他们在大学时代很可能会发生一些重大的变但是他们在大学时代很可能会发生一些重大的变化。化。goingthrough:u1.undergo；experience；suffer；endure经历经历;遭受；遭受；忍受（困难、痛苦等）忍受（困难、痛苦等）u*Theywentthroughmanyhardshipsduringthewaru他们在战争年代里历尽千辛万苦。他们在战争年代里历尽千辛万苦。u2.passthrough穿过穿过u*Therainhasgonethroughmyovercoatu雨水渗透了我的大衣。雨水渗透了我的大衣。To be continued on the next page.u3.examine查阅查阅u*Iwillgothroughyourpapersu我将审阅你们的论文。我将审阅你们的论文。plete完成完成u*Aftermonthsofeffortstheworkfinallywentthrough经数月的努力，工作终于完成。经数月的努力，工作终于完成。u*Letsgothroughalltheexercisesbeforewegoout我们出去前把练习做完。我们出去前把练习做完。To be continued on the next page.u5.bepassed；beaccepted被通过；被认可被通过；被认可u*Thelawhasnowgonethroughu这项法律已获通过。这项法律已获通过。u6.search搜查搜查u*TheCustomswentthroughallourluggageattheairportu在飞机场，海关把我们的行李都检查了一遍在飞机场，海关把我们的行李都检查了一遍u7.discusscarefully详细讨论详细讨论u*Letsgothroughthedetailsoftheexaminationu让我们详细讨论一下有关考试的具体问题吧。让我们详细讨论一下有关考试的具体问题吧。identitycrisisuItreferstothedifficulties,confusionsandanxietiesthatyougothroughduringadolescencewhenyouarenotsurewhoyoureallyareandwhatyourpurposeinlifeis.u自我认识危机：青春期自我认识的动摇、自我丧失所自我认识危机：青春期自我认识的动摇、自我丧失所引起的心理危机。引起的心理危机。toendeavortodosth.：totry/attempt/makeanefforttodosth.努力做努力做ue.g.uWemustalwaysendeavortoimproveourwork.uHeendeavoredtocalmhimselfdownbutinvain.un.effort;attemptuIdiomaticExpression:tomakeeveryendeavor/efforttodosth.尽一切努力尽一切努力ue.g.uPleasemakeeveryendeavortoarrivepunctually.uWemakeeveryendeavortosatisfyourcustomers.perceiveu1.becomeawareof(sb/sth);notice;observe意识到意识到,注意到注意到,观察到观察到:uIperceivedthathisbehaviorhadchanged.u我发觉他的行为有些变化我发觉他的行为有些变化.To be continued on the next page.u2.tothinkofas把把看作看作ue.g.Heperceivedhimselfaloserwhocouldnotevensupporthisfamily.u他认为自己是个失败者，因为不能抚养家人。他认为自己是个失败者，因为不能抚养家人。To be continued on the next page.uDerivatives:uperception,观念观念,洞察力洞察力,认识能力认识能力uperceptive有洞察力的有洞察力的,uperceivable可察觉的可察觉的,感觉得到的感觉得到的uAssociates:-ceive:takeuconceive,构想构想，设想；怀孕，设想；怀孕uconception,.思想，观念思想，观念uconcept概念，观念，思想概念，观念，思想ureceive,receiver,听筒听筒,接收器接收器,收款员收款员,接受者接受者ureceipturecipient接受者，接收者接受者，接收者,ureception,接受接受;接待接待;接待处接待处ureceptionist接待员接待员udeceive,deception,deceptive骗人的骗人的,虚伪的虚伪的,诈欺诈欺的的.identityisdeterminedbygeneticendowment(whatisinheritedfromparents),shapedbyenvironment,andinfluencedbychanceevents.u【SentenceParaphrase】uWhoweareisdeterminedbythreethings;First,ourgenesorwhatourparentshavegivenus,ourlegacy;second,environment,andthird,luckoropportunities.Lesson1-Your College Years endowment n.a.a quality or ability that someone has naturally 天赋 b.money,property,etc.given to provide an income 捐赠 捐助 Examples:They are men of great endowments.The Oxford and Cambridge colleges have numerous endowments.牛津和剑桥大学有数不清的捐助财物.To be continued on the next page.Lesson1-Your College Years endow v.a.to possess naturally,be born with b.to give a college,hospital etc.a large sum of money that will provide it with an incomeExamples:She is endowed with both beauty and brains.That hospital is privately endowed.Lesson1-Your College Years inherit v.to receive genetic characters from ones parents Examples:inherit money/estate/title She inherited her mothers good looks and her fathers bad temper.n.inheritance n.heritageWord formation To be continued on the next page.Lesson1-Your College Years inheritance n.the money,property,etc.that you receive from sb.when they die;the fact of receiving sth.when sb.diesShe spent all her inheritance in a year.heritage n.the history,traditions and qualities that a country or society has had for many years and that are considered an important part of its characternational/cultural heritage chanceadj.:accidentale.g.uThischancemeetingwiththemanchangedherwholelife.u和那个男人的偶然相遇改变了她的一生。和那个男人的偶然相遇改变了她的一生。uThismedicineissaidtobeachancediscovery.u据说这种药是偶然发现的。据说这种药是偶然发现的。Translation of Para.2u在此期间，学生要经历一次自我认同危机，他在此期间，学生要经历一次自我认同危机，他们想弄明白自己是什么样的人，自己的优点和弱点们想弄明白自己是什么样的人，自己的优点和弱点在哪里。他们当然有不少优点和弱点。知道人们怎在哪里。他们当然有不少优点和弱点。知道人们怎样看待他们自己，以及别人如何看待自己，这一点样看待他们自己，以及别人如何看待自己，这一点很重要。在国际社会科学百科全书很重要。在国际社会科学百科全书1979的的一