中考英语复习专题一名词.pptx

第1页/共75页第2页/共75页考点一 名词的分类第3页/共75页考 点二 名词的复数形式 第4页/共75页第5页/共75页第6页/共75页第7页/共75页第8页/共75页第9页/共75页考 点三 名词所有格 第10页/共75页第11页/共75页第12页/共75页考 点四 名词的句法功能 第13页/共75页第14页/共75页第15页/共75页第16页/共75页第17页/共75页第18页/共75页第19页/共75页第20页/共75页第21页/共75页第22页/共75页第23页/共75页冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种 定冠词 the 不定冠词 a an 零冠词 Computer is a useful machine.A computer The computer Computers are 冠词第24页/共75页不定冠词a(an)词组或成语 a little/a few/a lot of/a great many a large number of/a great deal of a piece of/a type of/a pile of as a rule/child/student in a hurry/in a minute/for a moment after a while in a word/draw a conclusion have a cold/headache/fever have a try/rest/good time lead a life/all of a sudden1.不定数量不定数量2.量词量词3.作为一个作为一个4.赶快赶快 一会儿一会儿 5.总之总之 得出结论得出结论6.感冒感冒 头疼头疼 发烧发烧7.试一下试一下 休息一下休息一下 玩得开心玩得开心8.过过生活生活 突然突然第25页/共75页1)与数词与数词one 同源，同源，“一个一个”I have a cat.2)表示表示“某个某个”A Mr.Ling is waiting for you.3)代表一类人或物。代表一类人或物。A knife is a tool for cutting things with.注意注意:元音发音单词前用元音发音单词前用an _ apple,_ hour,_ egg,_ uncle,_ university,_ X-ray photo,an“a”(b,c,d,e,f,g h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z)不定冠词的用法efhil m n or sx第26页/共75页定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，“那/这个”，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。用在惯用语中：in the morning(afternoon，evening),the day after tomorrow,the next morning,in the sky(sea,field,country,dark,rain)in the middle(of),at/in the end,by the way,go to the theatre/cinemamake the bed,tell the truth定冠词的用法第27页/共75页1）上文提到过的人或事：He bought a car.Ive seen the car.2）指双方都明白的人或物：Take the medicine.Close the door.3）与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich/living/wounded/learned4）用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：the Greens 格林一家人(或格林夫妇)5)用在职业的名词所有格之前,表示地点 at the doctors/tailors/butchers at my uncles/Mr Greens第28页/共75页6）用在国籍前，表全体 the Chinese7）用在发明物前 Who invented the light bulb?8）用在表示乐器的名词之前：She plays the piano/guitar/violin.9）用在序数词和形容词最高级前面，形容词only,very,same前面：I live on the second floor.Thats the very thing Im looking for.强调“两者中较的一个”Mary is the taller of the two girls.第29页/共75页10）世上独一物二的天体,多数地理名词前：the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth the Yellow River,the Sahara Desert the Pacific Ocean,the Rocket Mountain 西湖、长江、11）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、建筑物等名称前（旅馆、剧院、车站、学校、宫殿、博物馆等）中华人民共和国、美国、联合国、长城、白宫、共产党、佛山宾馆 the Great Wall,the White House,第30页/共75页12)用在单数时间名词、计量单位前,构成 by the+n.表示“按计算”He is paid by the hour/by the day.Apples are sold by the kilo.13)用在表示身体部位的名词前：She caught me by the arm.14)用在中国传统节日前 the Spring Festival 中秋节、端午节第31页/共75页1)国名，人名前通常不用定冠词 England，Mary2)泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；They are teachers.3)抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词Failure is the mother of success.4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词Man cannot live without water.零冠词的用法Man 第32页/共75页5）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前 on Monday,in summer,at Christmas,Teachers Day,儿童节,劳动节 6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位名词前 Doctore Li,王医生,李教授,毛主席 John was elected chairman of the Student Union。7)在三餐、球类、棋、牌类活动的名称前 have breakfast，at lunch，play chess/card/basketball 第33页/共75页8)当by 与交通工具连用by bus/train9)不用冠词的序数词a.序数词前有物主代词 his first bookb.序数词作副词 He came first in the race.c.在固定词组中 at first,first of all,from first to last第34页/共75页4.有定冠词与无定冠词的区别 sit at table吃饭 sit at the table在桌子旁 take place 发生 take the place of 代替 two of us我们中的两个 the two of us特指我们两个by the sea在海边 by sea 乘船 on earth在世上,究竟 on the earth在地球上 a number of 许多 the number of.的数字 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院 第35页/共75页1)两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西 He raises a black and a white cat.他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。The black and the white cats are his.这只黑猫和这只白猫都是他的。2)如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。He raises a black and white cat.那只花猫是他的。The black and white cat is his.冠词与形容词+名词结构第36页/共75页数词的构成基数词序数词112有各自独立的形式。13-19都是相对应39加上teen构成，特殊拼写的词有thirteen,fifteen,eighteen。2090都以-ty结尾，特殊拼写的有twenty,thirty,forty,eighty。2199,整数十位数各位数，中间有“”。百位数，由百位数and+两位数组成。13分别为first,second,third。419都是在后面加上th,特殊的有fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。2090把y变成ie然后加th,如twentieth。2199的序数词变后面的各位数。序数词可以用缩写，如1st,2nd,3rd,4th第37页/共75页基本用法：1.基数词：表示精确数字时，hundred,thousand,million,billion后面都不用变化。但是在表示几百，几千等模糊概念时，这些词后面要加上s和of,如：hundreds of,而且前面可以加上many,tens of等表示不确切的词，注意several,some是表示确切数字的词：several hundred2.数词一般是用作复数的，但是特殊情况也有复数的用法：a.表示几十岁：the forties-41-49b.表示年代：in the 1920s3.基数词兼有名词和形容词的功能：Nine of them are from Greece.They work forty hours a day.4.序数词主要用作定语。一般要加the.Our classroom is on the third floor.The first part of the story is not interesting.in the first place第38页/共75页5.序数词也可以用作副词，When did you first see him?Which horse came in first?6.基数词也能表示顺序，如书刊的卷、章、节、页的数目，住所、房间、教室、电话号码等等。Volume Two,Chapter Four,Section Six,Page Eight,Room 3047日期，时间和分数的表示法.第39页/共75页9.序数词前面一般要加the,但是也有不加的情况，这个时候表示“又一，再一”的意思。They had a second child in 1988.上面的a second 可以用another 代替。第40页/共75页Exercises:1.Is there any food for us _?A.tenB.tenthC.the tenthD.the ten 2.The bike cost me _ yuan.Afive hundred forty Bfive hundreds fourtyCfive hundred and forty Dfive hundred fourty 3.“Which lesson are you studying now?”-“_”A.The lesson six B.Sixth lessonC.Lesson six D.Lesson sixth 4.The has written a _ compositionAthree-hundred-word Bthree hundred wordsCthree hundreds words Dthree hundreds word 5.She was born on _A A1986,March 9 BMarch 9,1986C1986,9 March DMarch nine,1986 ACCAB第41页/共75页1.We have finished reading _ units.Athe first twoBfirst twoCthe second Dtwo first 2.My telephone number is _Aeighty eight two forty four zero nineBeight eight two double four O nineCeighty eight two four four zero nineDeight eight two four four zero and nine 3.Every day the old woman sits here for _.A.one and half hourB.one and a half hourC.one and half hours D.one and a half hours 4.Mr Green Will have _ holiday very soon.A.two months B.two monthC.a two-months D.a two-month 5.Mary is_girl.A.an 8 year oldB.8-years-oldC.the 8 years old D.an 8-year-old ABDDD第42页/共75页1.-What day is today?-_.-A.June 9.B.TuesdayC.It is hot.D.Its fine.2.That magnificent _ pyramid was built by the Egyptian people.A.nine-centuries-old B.nine-centurys-oldC.nine century old D.nine-century-old3.-Whats the date today?-_-.A.Its Saturday B.Its JulyC.Its fineD.Its July 154.-What time do you get up every day?-_-.A.Its seven oclock B.Seven oclock timeC.At seven D.On sevenBDDC第43页/共75页介词第44页/共75页一.表示时间介词三.表示方位介词二.表示地点介词四.表示方法、手段五.常见介词的搭配第45页/共75页一.时间介词1.in年、月、季节及时间段（早、午、晚）年、月、季节及时间段（早、午、晚）on 具体某一天，星期、节日具体某一天，星期、节日at钟点、节日、（一段时间）的起点钟点、节日、（一段时间）的起点注意：at noon 在中午 at night 在夜间 in the morning 在早上 on the morning of July 1st 在七月一日的早上 on a rainy day 在雨天第46页/共75页1.Mary is flying to France soon.She will arrive in Paris _ the morning of July 9.A.on B.in C.at2.The twins were born _ a Friday evening.A.in B.on C.at3.We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived _5 oclock _ the morning.A.on,in B.at,in C.at,in4.We finish our lessons _ 11:30 and then have a rest _ noon.A.in,in B.at,at C.in,at第47页/共75页2.in+时间段 在之后（内），多用于将来时 after+时间段 在之后，多用于过去时 1.Mr Brown has gone to Canada.He will be back _ two weeks.A.for B.after C.in 2.Our manager came back _ an hour.A.in B.after C.at 3.They have been here _ an hour.A.for B.after C.in第48页/共75页3.for+时段 since+时段+ago since+时间点 since+一般过去时句子常用于现在完成时1.He came here _ 1992,and he has lived here _ 1992.A.in,for B.in,since C.since,since2.I have known Li Lei _ over five years.A.in B.since C.for第49页/共75页3.It has been three years since he _ here.A.come B.came C.comes4.The old man has been away _ two years ago.A.in B.since C.for第50页/共75页4.before 在之前 by 到时为止,不迟于1.He wont come back _ five.A.before B.after C.by2.The work must be finished _ Friday.A.at B.by C.after3.We had three meetings _ last Friday.A.in B.before C.by 第51页/共75页二.地点介词 1.on 在的上面,与表面接触 over 在的正上方,不接触表面 under 在下面(是on,over的反义词)1.Look!There is a bridge_the river.A.on B.over C.above2.Can you see the egg _ the plate?A.on B.in C.over3.The light_us is very bright.A.over B.under C.on 第52页/共75页2.above 在上方 below 在下方,是above的反义词1.The temperature will fall_zero at night.A.below B.above C.over2.Suddenly there is a loud voice _ the tree.A.below B.above C.on3.There is a clock on the wall.Its _ the blackboard.A.on B.in C.above第53页/共75页4.A road is _our city and there is much traffic _it.A.on,over B.above,on C.over,on5.The sun rose _the horizon(地平线).A.on B.above C.over 注意:on 接触平面 over 在平面的正上方 above 在上方第54页/共75页3.in+大地方 at+小地 方 on+门牌，某层楼1.My uncle live _ F12 _the fifth floor.A.at,on B.in,on C.on,at2.They arrived _Beijing at 12:00 and waited for a bus _ the station to the hotel.A.at,in B.in,on C.in,at第55页/共75页1.in 在某范围之内 to 在某范围之内 on 与某地相邻、接壤 1.China lies _the east of Asia and _the north of Australia.A.in,on B.in,to C.to,in 2.Mongolia is _the north of China.A.in B.on C.to三.方位介词第56页/共75页2.in里面，排、行、组里面，排、行、组on左、右边左、右边at前、后部前、后部1.We are _Team One.I sit _the front of the classroom.Li Ping is _my left.A.on,in,at B.in,in,at C.in,at,on2.I have a good seat.I sit _the bus.A.in the front of B.in front of 3.The teacher is standing _ our class and give a talk.A.in the front of B.in front of第57页/共75页4.cross 表面穿过 through 中间穿过 1.The sunshine come into the room _ the window.A.across B.through C.past 2.You can go _ the road here.A.across B.through C.past 3.Can you swim _ the river.A.across B.through C.past第58页/共75页四.表方式、方法、手段1.in 用材料、语言2.with 用工具、某物3.by 用方式、方法、手段 1.My mother often go to work _ bike.A.in B.on C.by 2.If you are able to get the tickets tomorrow,please tell me _ phone.A.through B.by C.on 第59页/共75页3.The teacher is writing on the paper _ red ink and the blackboard_a piece of chalk.A.with,with B.in,with C.with,in4.Can you say it _ English?A.in B.with C.by5.You can get some information _ the computer.A.in B.on C.by第60页/共75页五.其它介词1.between 在两者之间 among 在当中（三者或以上）during 在期间 1.Some supermarkets open _ 8:30 and 8:00 p.m._ the Mid-Autumn Day.A.at,duringB.between,duringC.between,in 2.They lived _ the mountains in the past.A.among B.between C.during 3.Dont sit _ the two girls.A.among B.between C.during第61页/共75页2.except 除之外，不包括 besides 除之外，还包括 1.Everyone passed the exam _ Tom.A.besides B.except C.for 2._ MrLi,five teachers went to the meeting.A.Besides B.Except C.Beside第62页/共75页3.常见的介词搭配Its very nice of you to help me.Its very good for you to do exercise.the answer(key)to the question(lock)be famous forbe famous asbe made of be made fromon timein time第63页/共75页The bird is flying my head.There is a bridge the river.He put his watch the desk.There is a cat the table.Please write your name the line There are some flowers the house aboveoveronunderbelowIn front of第64页/共75页There is a blackboard our classroom Our teacher stands the classroomThere are some flowers the house In the front ofIn the front ofIn front of第65页/共75页 并列连词和从属连词的用法：连词是连结单词、短语、从句或句子的虚词，在句子中不单独作句子成份。连词按其性质可分为：第66页/共75页1、并列连词 如：and,or,but,for,等，连接并列的词与词，短语与短语，句子与句子。如：Rice and potatoes are common foods.（词与词）Many trees lose their leaves in winter,but evergreen trees do not.（句子与句子）第67页/共75页并列连词如：bothand,notbut.，not onlybut also not onlybut as welleitheror，neithernor如：Either the windows were opened or the door was opened.第68页/共75页2从属连词 如：that,whether,when,because,though 等，用以引导名词性从句和状语从句。第69页/共75页 though(although)引导让步状语从句，because 引导原因状语从句，所以 though(although)不能和并列连词but，because 不能和并列连词 so一起使用。只能单独使用。第70页/共75页（1）表示选择关系的连词，连接的双方只取其一。常用连词有or,either.or,例如：You can go to Beijing either today or tomorrow.You must get up early or you wont catch the early bus.第71页/共75页（2）表示转折关系，连接的双方构成对比，意义上有转折。常用连词有but,however。例如：His brother is fond of football while he likes basketball.You can watch TV,but you must finish your homework first.第72页/共75页（3）表示联合关系，联合的双方是对等的，意义上趋向一致。常用连词有：and,both.and,neither.nor,not only.but also,as well as,together with。例如：That horse is not only the youngest among the five,but also runs thefastest.第73页/共75页（4）表示因果关系，连接的双方，）表示因果关系，连接的双方，互为因果，或者前因后果，或者互为因果，或者前因后果，或者前果后因。常用的连词有：前果后因。常用的连词有：for,so,therefore。例如：例如：It must have rained,for the ground is wet.You are in the right,therefore they should support you.第74页/共75页谢谢大家观赏！第75页/共75页