新目标初中英语句子成分讲解.pptx
简单句的五个基本句型主语 谓语动词(不及物动词)She came/My head aches.主语 谓语动词(及物动词)宾语 She likes English.主语 系动词 表语 She is happy第1页/共24页主语 谓语间接宾语直接宾语(双宾语)She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主语 谓语宾语宾语补语She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.第2页/共24页主语（subject）:The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词)Seeing is believing.（动名词）To see is to believe.（不定式）句子说明的人或物。第3页/共24页谓语（predicate）（动词）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English.有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。：want，wish，hope，promise，decide，agree，choose，care等。如：I hope to see you again.有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。如：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss，suggest，keep(on)等。如：Do you mind my opening the window？第4页/共24页有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如：Dont forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下原来的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如：I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)第5页/共24页常见的系动词有:be,感官动词：sound，look，smell,taste，feel半系动词：remain,keep,stay,get,turn,become 第6页/共24页It sounds like a good idea.The sound sounds strange.The food smells delicious.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.感官动词+adj感官动词+like+n第7页/共24页It sounds like a good idea.The sound sounds strange.The food smells delicious.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.感官动词+adj感官动词+like+n第8页/共24页表语（predicative）:He is a teacher.（名词）I have a cake，can you taste it.（代词）Five and five is ten.（数词）He is asleep.（形容词）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。第9页/共24页His father is in.（副词）The picture is on the wall.(介词短语)My watch is gone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）My job is to repair cars（不定式）第10页/共24页宾语：I like China.（名词）He hates you.（代词）How many do you need?We need two.（数词）We should help the old and the poor.（形容词）I enjoy working with you.（动名词）I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write down what he said?（宾语从句）动作的承受者（放在动词后）第11页/共24页介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow,there are many rocks.3）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.第12页/共24页【注意】有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，show,send,lend,pass,tell，leave等。如：He bought me a book.直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如：Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.第13页/共24页宾补：We all think it a pity that she didnt come here.（名词）We will make them happy.（形容词）Please make yourself at home.介词短语接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如使役动词：make,let,have等对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。第14页/共24页Makehavelet+sbsth+adj Makehavelet+sb+do sth(被动用to do)Eg:I want to make you happy.The boss made the workers work underwater.=The workers were made to work underwater.第15页/共24页定语：Mr.Li is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend.（代词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词)You should do everything that I do.（定语从句）修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子第16页/共24页状语：I will go there tomorrow.时间 The meeting will be held in the meeting room.地点The meat went bad because of the hot weather.原因He studies hard to learn English well.目的用来修饰动词、形容词第17页/共24页He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.结果I like some of you very much.程度If you study hard,you will pass the exam.条件He goes to school by bike.方式 Though he is young,he can do it well.让步 第18页/共24页简单句的类型陈述句：肯定句，否定句疑问句：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，反义疑问句祈使句：肯定祈使句，否定祈使句感叹句第19页/共24页否定句的变化：句中有be动词，情态动词，助动词的，在be动词，情态动词，助动词后加not.Eg:Its not cold in summer.I cant do it myself.They havent been to Shanghai.句中动词是实意动词的，在动词前加助动词(dont,doesnt,didnt),动词还原成原形。Eg:He doesnt like tigers.She didnt go shopping.第20页/共24页疑问句的变化:一般疑问句：句中有be动词，情态动词，助动词的，be动词，情态动词，助动词提到句首。(人称作相应变化)Eg:Is it cold in summer.Can you do it yourself.Have they been to Shanghai.句中动词是实意动词的，在句首加相应的助动词(do,does,did),动词还原成原形。Eg:Does he like tigers.Did She go shopping.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Eg:Why does he like tigers.When did She go shopping.第21页/共24页祈使句：表命令，用动词原形开头Eg:Use your head,then you will find a way.祈使句的否定，在动词原形前加dont.Eg:Dont smoke in school.感叹句：what 引导的感叹句结构有三种：(强调名词)1.What+(a/an)+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓！2 What+形容词+可数名词复数+主谓！3 What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓！第22页/共24页how 引导的感叹句结构有：（强调形容词）1.How+形容词+aan+可数名词单数+主谓！2.How+副词+主谓！Eg:How quickly he runs!Eg(1)多美丽的一朵玫瑰花呀!How beautiful a rose it is!What a beautiful rose it is!(2)多晴朗的天气呀!How sunny the weather is!What sunny weather it is!(3)这些学生是多么聪明呀!How clever the students are!What clever students they are!第23页/共24页感谢您的观看！第24页/共24页
