新编研究生英语综合教程上册完形填空close.pptx
Peer reviewers,in addition to maintaining 6 ,can be neither conflicted nor political in their review.Conflicts may take the 7 of financial conflicts with the results,conflicts if the research is too similar to their own research 8 ,and conflicts due to personal relationships with the author(or authors).Political motivations that might 9 with the peer review process include competition to publish 10 other scientists and inaccurate reviews designed to“punish”a competing colleague or journal.III Cloze6.A.confidentialitB.intimacyC.familiarityD.intelligibility7.A.shapeB.silhouetteC.formD.metamorphosis8.A.intentsB.purposesC.endeavorsD.desires9.A.interfereB.interveneC.disturbD.interrupt10.A.forB.byC.withD.in第1页/共27页Editors may find it difficult to guarantee a conflict-free peer review 11 ,because reviewers must be experts with knowledge unique to the field 12 which the article pertains.Therefore,many reviewers may find themselves faced with an 13 concerning research that is very similar to their own.Peer reviewers should disclose all conflicts of interest that may unduly influence their review to the journal editor and 14 themselves when appropriate.III ClozeIII Cloze11.A.processB.courseC.experienceD.result12.A.withB.ofC.toD.on13.A.analysisB.articleC.anecdoteD.anthology14.A.recommendB.applaudC.disqualifyD.discredit第2页/共27页 III ClozeIII ClozeEditorsofjournalsshouldmaintainanopenandethicalpeerreviewprocess,andallsubmittingauthorsandreadersshouldbefully15ofajournalsprocessofpeerreview.Editorsdoretainflexibilityinassigningthenumberofpeerreviewersandwhattodowiththepeerreviewinformationoncecompleted.15.A.awareB.criticalC.fondD.proud第3页/共27页One method is for an editor to 16 two or three reviewers and then ask an author(or authors)to change the article to satisfy all the reviews.On the other hand,an editor may 17 all the reviews and consolidate the advice to help guide the author(or authors)when making changes,clarifications,and corrections.Editors must not relinquish too many of their own responsibilities to peer reviewers.III ClozeIII Cloze16.A.touchB.approachC.contactD.connect17.A.rejectB.takeC.refuseD.receive第4页/共27页 III ClozeIII ClozeThepeerreviewprocessrepresentsone18inthepublishingprocessandeditorsneedtotakefullresponsibilityfortheirdecisionto19anarticleintheirjournal.Thismeansthateditorsmustreviewthecontentandcharacterofasubmittedarticle,usingallthecriterialistedforreviewersabove,andshouldrelyonthereviewersprimarilytocatcherrorsthatlie20theeditorsareaofexpertiseandtechnicalunderstanding.18.A.stepB.moveC.partD.act19.A.excludeB.involveC.includeD.remove20.A.insideB.withinC.outsideD.beside第5页/共27页Exercise IV.ClozeAmericans believe that competition brings out the best in any individual.They 1 that it challenges or forces each person to produce the very best 2 is humanly possible.3 ,the foreign visitor will see competition 4 fostered in the American home and in the American classroom,even 5 the youngest age level.unit 31.A.assetB.assumeC.assembleD.assess2.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what3.A.ControversiallyB.ContinuallyC.ConsequentlyD.Conspicuously4.A.beingB.is C.beD.tobe5.A.B.toC.in D.on第6页/共27页 Very young children,for instance,are encouraged to answer questions 6 which their classmates do not know the answer.You may find the competitive value 7 ,especially if you come from a society that 8 cooperation 9 competition.But many U.S.Peace Corps volunteers teaching in Third World countries found the lack of competitiveness in a classroom situation equally 10 .III Cloze6.A.forB.ofC.toD.at7.A.accessible B.distrustfulC.acceptable D.disagreeable8.A.promotesB.enhancesC.increasesD.raises9.A.otherthanB.ratherthanC.betterthanD.morethan10.A.distressedB.distortingC.distressingD.distorted第7页/共27页They soon learned that 11 they thought to be one of the 12 human characteristics 13 only a peculiarly American(or Western)value.Americans,14 competition,have devised an economic system to 15 itfree enterprise.III Cloze11.A.whatB./C.whichD.all12.A.unblemishedB.ultimateC.universalD.unique13.A.reprovedB.repressedC.reproachedD.represented14.A.valueB.valuingC.valuesD.valued15.A.gowithB.goforC.goagainstD.goalong第8页/共27页Americans feel strongly that a 16 competitive economy will 17 the best in its people and,ultimately,that the society that fosters competition will progress 18 rapidly.If you look for it,you will see 19 in all areaseven in fields as 20 as medicine,the arts,education,and sportsthat free enterprise is the approach most often preferred in America.III Cloze16.A.mostlyB.greatlyC.largelyD.highly17.A.bringupB.bringoffC.capacityD.bringthrough18.A.themostB.mostC.themoreD.amost19.A.evidenceB.witnessC.testimonialD.verification20.A.diverseB.reverseC.converseD.averse第9页/共27页As an organizer and activist,I think a lot about the strategies that will build momentum for our movement,and eventually push us over the tipping point of cultural and political change.Typically,we use_(1)_strategies like the base-building that Invisible Children did,to generate linear growth:_(2)_each intern could bring two more people on board,that would build a small army of activists ready to_(3)_.But this kind of growth can never provide the lift or political power that,_(4)_example,Invisible Children needed,to put Joseph Kony on the top of the agenda in Washington DC.That took a timely film,calibrated to a growing base,and a lot of (5)_.Lets call it 40%planning and 60%chance.unit4unit41.A.organizing B.organized C.to organize D.being organized2.A.that B.which C.if D.how3.A.to mobilize B.for mobilizing C.to be mobilized D.with mobilizing4.A.as B.for C.with D.without5.A.choices B.opportunities C.possibilites D.chance第10页/共27页In the case of the Caines Arcade filmmaker,(6)_proportion of planning to chance was even less:maybe 5%planning and 95%chance.He was prepared to_(7)_ any opportunity that came his way_(8)_he had the filmmaking skills,the storytelling lens and enough humility to wait for a good story to land.But there_(9)_have been no way to predict who he would meet when_ _(10)_ a car repair shop or how viral the piece would become.I I I C l o z eI I I C l o z e6.A.a B.the C.this D.that 7.A.take advantage of B.make advantage of C.use advantage of D.put advantage of8.A.that B.in which C.where D.because9.A.can B.must C.may D.could10.A.is looking for B.looking for C.are looking for D.am looking for 第11页/共27页So what is the role of the(11)_,the moment,the story that is impossible to foreshadow?Like Invisible Children,we build infrastructures and bureaucracies to(12)_the unknown;we run regression analyses on risk_(13)_measure tracking errors on the stock market;we plan political campaigns around weather events;we look to religion for_(14)_.Its striking that with both the Invisible Children founders and the filmmaker I met at the party,preparation was key,but when the critical moment came,the plans(15)_the window.How well do we understand the limits to planning and strategizing?III ClozeIII Cloze11.A.known B.knowing C.unknown D.knowledge12.A.deal in B.deal with C.deal at D.deal for13.A.and B.but C.to D.at14.A.explanation B.response C.encouragement D.motivation15.A.came out B.took out C.put out D.went out第12页/共27页 III ClozeIII ClozeTheresclearlyanopportunitycostofdoingnothingsittingaroundwaitingforastorytofallonyour_(16)_doesntseemlikeaneffectivewayofmakingchangeintheworld,oraparticularlygooduseofmoneyandtime.Attheotherendofthespectrum,(17)_weinvestmillionstobuildabaseandpersuadeotherstojoinoureffort,sendouthundredsofemailsandgeneratecampaignaftercampaign,bootstrappingourway_(18)_realpoliticalmomentum,we16.A.knee B.nose C.head D.lap17.A.where B.when C.which D.how18.A.into B.for C.towards D.through第13页/共27页often forget the role that chance plays.But(19)_ the best-planned campaigns and organizing efforts cant provide the necessary lift fast enough without quickly taking advantage of new stories that fall on our laps.We need to build new kinds of social(20)_ and tell new kinds of stories that dont resist the unknown,but embrace it as part of our work.Or maybe we just need to get in the car and go look for a new door handle.III Cloze III Cloze19.A.for B.to C.even D.with20.A.issues B.infrastructure C.problem D.develop第14页/共27页III.ClozeWhenwedecidedtodoanarticleabouthospicecarefortheJulyissue,welearnedsomuchmostnotablyhowempoweringitcanbeforpatientsnavigatingtheirfinaldays.”Ihadseveralfriendswho had used hospice when a loved one was 1 ,”says JulieBain,LHJs health director.“They all told me it was one of thebest decisions theyd ever made and provided so much comfortandpeace atan2difficult time.”Thats3wedecided tocreate a photo essay showing what its like to be a hospicenurse,caring for patients who want to die as comfortably aspossibleintheirownhomes.(Thats nurseJillCampbell,above,of Gilchrist Hospice Care in Baltimore,which recently won anaward from the American Hospital Association 4 itsinnovativecare.)COSTS ARE COVEREDWhenhospicecarestartedtobecome5intheUnitedStatesinthe1970s,itwasmostlyforend-stagecancerpatients.UNIT6 III Cloze1.A.dead B.dying C.die D.diedA.credible B.credibly C.incredible D.incredibly3.A.why B.when C.where D.how4.A.in B.to C.for D.on5.A.believableB.describable C.touchableD.available第15页/共27页Whilecancerdiagnosesstillaccount6athirdofhospiceadmissions,peoplewithotherterminaldiseasessuchasheartdiseaseanddementianowmakeupthe7,accordingtotheNationalHospiceandPalliativeCareOrganization.Weweresurprisedtolearnthateveryones 8toend-of-lifecare,whetheryouhavetheabilitytopayornot.Thecostsareusuallycoveredby9plans,MedicareorMedicaid.BUT MANY PATIENTS WAIT UNTIL ITS TOO LATETheuseofhospiceservicesisonthe10,butsomepeoplestillthinkofitasgivingup.Asaresult,morethanathirdofhospicepatientsdontstartpalliativecareuntiltheyhavejustdayslefttolive.“Peoplearesoafraidtomakethedecision.6.A.for B.to C.with D.as7.A.minority B.majority C.major D.minor8.A.attached B.restrained C.entitled D.confined9.A.assurance B.endurance C.ensurance D.insurance10.A.raise B.rise C.rose D.rate第16页/共27页Butwhenyoudecidetogetallthehospicesupportsearlieron,likeLindaSchuberth(oneofthepatientsinourstory)did,youcanmakethatlimitedtimesomuchbetter,”saysDianaK.Sugg,thePulitzerPrize-winningwriterwetappedtofollowCampbellforourstory.SuggworkedcloselywithPulitzer-winningphotographerMonicaLopossaytocapturethe11andpoignantimages.ITHELPSTHEFAMILYTOPREPAREANDACCEPTThiswasaspecialstorytoourstaffers12havepersonalexperiencewithhospicecare.AssistanteditorAmeliaHarnishwasonly15yearsoldwhenherdadwas13withhepatitisC.Fouryears14,herfamilychosehospicewhenothertreatmentsfailed.“Thescariestpartwasthenightthathedied,”she15.III ClozeIII Cloze11.A.heartwarm B.warmheart C.heartwarming D.warmhearting12.A.who B.whom C.which D.as13.A.diagnose B.diagnosing C.diagnosed D.to diagnose14.A.after B.earlier C.before D.later15.A.recalls B.forgets C.regrets D.reminds第17页/共27页 III ClozeIII Cloze“Youre never prepared for something like that,and at thetime,Iwasbarely20yearsold.Thehospicenursewastheretoexplaintouswhatwashappening,andto16hewasntinpain.Withoutthatsenseofcomfort,Idontknowhowmyfamilycouldhavehandledit.”IT KEEPS PATIENTS COMFORTABLE AND PAIN-FREEFor senior editor and digital director Amanda Wolfe,thedecisiontoplacehermotherinhospicecareattheendofherbattlewithovariancancerwasdifficult,but17it.“Ireallybelievethathospiceisagifttoboththedyingpersonandtheirfamily:Mymotherpassedawayinherhome,18byherdaughters,andintheleastamountofpain.Hospicemadeitpossibleforhertodieinpeace,”Wolfesays.Ourstoryhastoucheda19,andmanypeoplehavesharedit on Facebook and written thoughts about their ownexperienceswithhospice.Wehopeyoullreadourstory“ItDoesntHaveToBeSad,”thinkaboutitanddiscussyourownwisheswithyourlovedones.Andpleaseleavea20ifyouhaveanythoughtsyoudliketosharewithothers.16.A.make up B.make sure C.make right D.make time17.A.worthy B.worthless C.worth D.unworthy18.A.surround B.surrounds C.surrounding D.surrounded19.A.tear B.nerve C.tone D.string20.A.comment B.contact C.message D.tip第18页/共27页If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills,American firms have a problem.Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as 1 to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States.Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility.Labour is simply another factor of production to be hiredrented at the lowest possible costmuch as one buys 2 materials or equipment.The lack of importance 3 to human-resource management can be seen in the corporation 4 .In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command.The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job,off at the 5 of the corporate hierarchy.unit71.A.centralB.centerC.concentratedD.centimeter2.A.newB.rawC.sawD.caw3.A.reachedB.linkedC.attachedD.latch4.A.hierarchyB.titleC.managementD.leadership5.A.lineB.ropeC.endD.edge第19页/共27页The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer(CEO).By way of 6 ,in Japan the head of human-resource management is centralusually the second most important 7 ,after the CEO,in the firms hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts 8 on training their work forces,in fact they 9 less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms.The money they do invest is also more highly 10 on professional and managerial employees.III Cloze6.A.comparisonB.observationC.contrastD.competition7.A.executionB.exerciseC.elimination D.executive8.A.spentB.costC.takenD.focused9.A.betB.investC.purchaseD.invent10.A.limitedB.spentC.concentratedD.spur第20页/共27页And the 11 investments that are made in training workers are also much more 12 focused on the 13 skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to 14 technologies.As a result,problems 15 when new breakthrough technologies arrive.If American workers,for example,take much longer to 16 how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany(as they do,the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States.III Cloze11.A.limitedB.littleC.infiniteD.boundless12.A.broadlyB.openlyC.narrowlyD.widely13.A.specialB.speciesC.sparrowD.specific14.A.adaptB.absorbC.adhereD.admit15.A.emergeB.submergeC.mergeD.emergency第21页/共27页If American workers,for example,take much longer to 16 how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany(as they do,the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States.More time is required before equipment is up and running at 17 ,and the need for extensive retraining 18 cost and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed.The result is a slower pace of technological change.In the end,the skills of the bottom half of the population 19 the wages of the top half.If the bottom half cant effectively staff the processes that have to be operated,the management and professional
