John Keats 英国诗人济慈.pptx

1.Life and Career Born in London,the son of a livery-stable owner Educated at the Clarkes School where his first inclination toward poetry was initiated His father died when he was nine and his mother died when he was fifteen.Apprenticed to a surgeon and apothecary and studied medicine at Guys Hospital in London 第1页/共36页John Keats第2页/共36页Became a licensed apothecary in 1816,but turned to devote himself to poetry Published his first important poem“On First Looking into Chapmans Homer”in 1816 in Hunts paper,the ExaminerThe reviewers of Blackwoods Magazine,the Quarterly Review and the British Critic launched savage attacks on Keats,declaring Endymion to be sheer nonsense,recommending that Keats give up poetry and go back to the chemists 第3页/共36页John Keats第4页/共36页Griefs and troubles crowded in upon him:his dearly loved brother,Tom,died;he was in trouble about money;he became ill with tuberculosis;he fell in love but could not marry the one he loved due to his poverty and poor health.It was this yearning and suffering that quickened his maturity and added a new dimension to his poetry.第5页/共36页From 1818 to 1820,Keats reached the summit of his poetic creation.The third and best of his volumes of poetry,Lamia,Isabella,The Eve of St.Agnes,and Other Poems,was published in 1820.Keats went to Rome to seek a warm climate for the winter in the fall of 1820 He died there on February 23,1821,and was buried in the Protestant cemetery.第6页/共36页Keatss grave in Rome第7页/共36页2.Points of ViewKeats is a moderate radical,has great sympathy for the poor.He believes that poetry is a release from misery,a vehicle to paradise.The mission of poetry is to work for the welfare of the people.The message carried in his poetry is the lasting power of beauty and its union with truth.第8页/共36页第9页/共36页3.Major Works“On First Looking into Chapmans Homer”(1816)Endymion(1817)Lamia,Isabella,The Eve of St.Agnes,and Other Poems(1820)The Fall of Hyperion 第10页/共36页OdesOde on IndolenceOde to PsycheOde to a NightingaleOde on a Grecian UrnOde on MelancholyTo Autumn 第11页/共36页第12页/共36页4.Special FeaturesThe mythic world of the ancient Greece and the English poetry of the Renaissance period provide Keats with the most important imaginative resources.His realization of the empathic power of the imagination is of the greatest consequence to his work and is a faculty which leads him to his most profound insights.第13页/共36页His poetry is characterized by:exact and closely knit construction,sensual descriptions,and the force of imagination,His poetry gives transcendental values to the physical beauty of the world.第14页/共36页第15页/共36页第16页/共36页5.“On First Looking into Chapmans Homer”Keats was so moved by the power and aliveness of Chapmans translation of Homer that he wrote this sonnet-after spending all night reading Homer with a friend.The poem expresses the intensity of Keatss experience;it also reveals how passionately he cared about poetry.第17页/共36页Homer第18页/共36页As a Petrarchan or Italian sonnet,On First Looking into Chapmans Homer falls into two partsan octet(eight lines)and a sestet(six lines).The octet describes Keatss reading experience before reading Chapmans translation and the sestet contrasts his experience of reading it.第19页/共36页“Ode to a Nightingale”第20页/共36页Nightingale第21页/共36页6.“Ode to a Nightingale”Stanza 1 begins with the poets expression of a feeling of dullness.The poet feels as if drugged by the full-throated east of the birds song.In stanza 2,the poet calls for a drink of wine,creating images of the warm south of France,where wines are made.He gives a detailed description of how the wine looks as one drinks it.Wine,he says,might allow him to escape from the world into the dim forest realm of the nightingale.第22页/共36页第23页/共36页Stanza 3 describes the world from which Keat longs to escape,a world full of sickness and sorrow.He alludes to his brothers death:youth grows pale,and spectra-thin,and dies.Stanza 4 begins with the cry Away!Keats rejects wine and prefers to travel by means of the imagination on the wings of Poesy.He imagines that he is already with the nightingale in the dark sky.第24页/共36页第25页/共36页In stanza 5,the poet,in embalmed darkness,lets his imagination tell what flowers surround him.He feels isolated from the grief of the world.In stanza 6,the feeling of being embalmed becomes a wish for death.The poet has longed for death before.This seems to be the perfect moment to die,while the nightingale is singing.But,having reached this point,the poet realizes that,once dead,he could no longer hear the birds song.He would be merely a sod,a clump of earth without feelings.第26页/共36页第27页/共36页In stanza 7,Keats turns back to the idea of life.The nightingale seems to live eternally because its song is the same now as it was in ancient days.Perhaps the biblical Ruth,for example,heard the nightingales song as she gathered grain in the fields.In stanza 8,as the nightingales song fades in the distance,Keats again becomes aware of his own situation.The imaginative escape is over,he evaluates what has happened,asking,Was it a vision,or a waking dream?第28页/共36页第29页/共36页The ode re-enacts the emotional experience of a flight of imagination.The poet longed for escape,rejecting drugs and wine in favor of the combined effect of the nightingales song and his own imagination.He reached a point of longing for oblivion and then turned back.He ends by pondering the nature of his own flight.第30页/共36页A major concern in Ode to a Nightingale is Keatss perception of the conflicted nature of human life,i.e.,the interconnection or mixture of pain/joy,intensity of feeling/numbness of feeling,life/death,mortal/immortal,the actual/the ideal,and separation/connection.第31页/共36页Keats describes an out-of-body experience,or a near-death experience.A typical OBE begins when sensory input is disrupted,sometimes by drugs.The mind then feels itself float upwards out of the body to a height that has been termed birds-eye or tree-high.Experiencing itself being divided into two,or having a dissociated double,the self may feel itself near death.Keats then wishes to drink deeply of red wine so that he could fade away,leaving the suffering world for the nightingales joyful song.第32页/共36页This poem has two movements.One is towards a fantastic world,of mythology,sensory pleasure,music,sensation,ecstasy.As the nightingale has no physical location,the geography of this world is hard to catch.It is just a longing for sth indescribable,inexact,infinitely seductive,with enormous power,sth remembered and yet not remembered:sth repressed.It is the unconscious.Beneath this longing there is a deeper longing,a climactic desire.第33页/共36页John Keats and Fanny Brawne第34页/共36页第35页/共36页谢谢您的观看！第36页/共36页