2023年初二下册英语知识点总结.docx

Unit 1 Will peop 1 e have robots?重点语法:一般将来时态的应用d o / does的一般将来时态形式：(shal 1 /w i II) dodo/does的一般将来时态的被动语态:(shal 1 /wi 1 I) be d one一般将来时态的肯定句、否认句、疑问句形式：肯定句例句：Peopl e w i II have robo t s i n a few yea r s.否认句例句:People (wi 1 I n o t/wonz t) hav e robot s i n a f ew ye a rs.一般疑问句例句:Wi llpeoplehaver ob o t s in a few y e ars?特殊疑问句例句:What wi 1 I people h ave i n a f e w year s ?重点短语:won' t = w i I 1 nott hey'll = they w i IIshe' 1 1 = s h e wi 1 Ihe'll = h e wil 1I 'll = I wi 1 Ifall in 1 o v e wi t h( s b. / s t h.)爱上(某人/某物)be able t o do sth.可以做某事come tru e 实现in t h e futu r e 未来hundreds of数以百计的thou sands of数以千计的look for(sb. /sth.)寻找(某人/某物)wi 1 I > would情态动词wi 1 1 的原形和过去式ma y m i ght情态动词may的原形和过去式Re a di n g Strategy(阅读方法)Read i ng Strate gy（阅读方法）Let your ey e s "sea n" the t ext q u i c kly t o f i nd d e tails that you' r e Io oki n g for.（在阅读文章之前，用眼睛“横扫”整篇文章，快速寻找你需要的文章要 点。）Y o u c a n find info r m a tion q uic k I y wi t h out read i ng the w hole text. （这样你就不用细读整篇文章，就能寻找到你需要的一些信息。）Unit 7 Would you mind turn i ng down th e music?重点语法:m i nd one's doing s t h,介意（某人）做某事 重点短语:not a t all 一点也不t u rn do w n调节使音量变小righ t away = in a minute = at one e 立亥也 立即wa i t in 1 in e排队等候cut i n lin e插队等候 hasn't = h as n o tkeep . . . down压低声音；使缓和at fi r st = fi r st of a II 一方面take c a re当心：小心t a ke c are o f = care abou t = loo k a f ter 关心;照顾 break the r ul e 违规 obey the rule遵守规定put out熄灭p i c k st h . u p捡起某物wa i t to r s b.等候某人 depe n d on依赖；依靠 g e t back = retur n 要问R e adin g S t rateg y （阅读方法）As w e read, w e need to find "top i c sente nee s在我们阅读的时候，我们需要 寻找“主题语句"，也就是和文章中心最相关的语句。）Th e se s e nten c es u s u a lly g i ves us a " summary", o r o v er a II me a n i n g of each para graph and he1 p u s u nde r stan d whatthe p aragraph is about.（这些语句通常会给我们一些文章 的“概要”，或者每个文段的所故意思，来帮助我们理解段落大意。）Afte r the t op i c se n t e n ce com e s more de t ail and e xplanat i o n .（当"主题语句”出现后,该段的 一些解释和细节也就会随之出现。）Unit 8 Wh y do n' t you g e t h e r a s c art?重点语法:询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事w hy don't you do sth. = why not do sth.例句:Why do n't you g e t h e r a earner a ? = Why not get h e r a camera?wh a t ab o ut = ho w a bout例句:How about s o me t e n n i s b alls? = Wh a t about some t en n i s ba 1 1 s ?重点短语:f al 1 asl e ep入睡g ive away赠送；分发he a r of = h e ar abo u t 听说t a k e an i n t eres t in = be int e r ested in 对感爱好mak e f r i ends wi t h 与交友m a ke prog re s s取得进步keep -> kept-> k e pt动词ke e p的原形、过去式和过去分词feed-fed-fed动词feed的原形、过去式和过去分词h e a r hea rd hea r d动词hear的原形、过去式和过去分词R e ading St r ate g y （阅读方法）To u n der s ta n d the im p o r ta n t i d eas fr o m the t e x t, we mu s t ” sum marize ".（为了 了解文段最重要的意图，我们必须要进行总结。）D o t his by an s w eri n g " who, wh a t, where, why" qu e s t ions as you read.（在阅读时，常注意 【可答时间、地点、人物这些基本要素问题，达成总结的目的。）Unit 9 Have yo u ever bee n t o a n amusemen t ?重点语法：现在完毕时态do/ doe s的现在完毕时态形式：（have/ha s） d on edo/ doe s 的现在完毕时态的被动语态：（have/h as） been done 现在完毕时态重要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。例句：我去年去过美国，那是我第一次出国。I have eve r bee n t o Am erica. It's the f i r s t time for me t o go abroad.重点短语：have a g r e at time = ha v e a g ood t ime = have fun = enjoy ones e If玩得快乐o n boa r d在船上end up doin g sth .结束做某事a 1 I year round = all o ver the ye a r 终年under s tan d > u nd e rst o o d > u n d e r stoo d 动词 understa n d 的原 形、过去式和过去分词Read i ng S t rategy （阅读方法）Afte r reading, write down th r ee or more things you have learne d . （在阅 读整篇文章之后，把你学到的三样或更多事物写下来。）We a Iways rememb e r t h i n g sbette r i f we take time to r e flee t.（假如我们花时间去思考一些问题的话，那么我们就能更容易地记住一些事情。）Unit 1 0 It' s a n ice day, i s nz t it?重点语法:反意疑问句反意疑问句由肯定陈述句加否认问句构成，或者由否认陈述句加肯定问句构成。例句:H e ' s a stud e nt, i s n't he?She' s not h i s moth e r , is s he?回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实来回答。若事实是肯定的，则必须用yes回答。若事实是 否认的，则必须用n。回答。例句：你还没有准备好，对吧？You' re no t read y , are you?是的，我没有准备好。No, I'm not.不，我准备好了。Yes, I am.重点短语：Io o k thro ugh浏览c ome a 1 ong出现泼生get along 相处a t leas t 至少a t mos t至多a t han k -y o u n o te 感谢信forget > f orgot >forgotten动词for get的原形、过去式和过去分词lit t Ie 1 e ss-least形容词I i ttle的原级、比较级和最高级 many / mu c h -* m o re mos t 形容词 many / much 的原级、比较级和最高级Look at the tit 1 e a n d p ictu r e, and pr e d i ct wha t y ou wil 1 read a bo ut.（看着标题和图片，预知你要阅读那些方面的内容。）This helps y ou g e t ready t o a cqu i re new in f o r m a tio n.（这样可以帮助你获得一些新的信息。）Unit 2 Wh a t shou I d I do?重点语法:过去将来时态（将来时态的委婉说法）d o / d o es的过去将来时态形式：（should/would） d od o /do e s 的过去将来时态的被动语态：（s hould / w o uld） be done过去将来时态的肯定句、否认句、疑问句形式：肯定句例句:You should write a I e 11 er to h i m.否认句例句:You s hou 1 dnz t write a let t er to h i m.一般疑问句例句:Should I w r it e a Ie t te r t o him?特殊疑问句例句：What sh o u 1 d I do?重点短语：k eep sb. out不让某人进入W h at's w r on g ?= W h at's t h e ma t t er? = Wh a t's the p r oblem?怎么了？out of sty Ie不时髦的；过时的call s b. u p给某人打电话P ay for s t h .为某事付款P art-time job 兼职工作t he s a me a s = b e same （to/with）与同样in style时髦的；流行的get on well w i t h sb. = get a Iong we 1 1 w i th sb .与某人相 处（好）did n't = d id notc ou 1 dn't = could notas . as p o ssib 1 e 尽也许(eg / as soon a s pos s i b Ie 尽快)all kinds of各种浒多on the one hand 一方面o n the other han d 另一方面ask sb. f o r sth. = a sk s b . to d o s th.请求某人做某事ask sb. n otto do sth.请求某人不要做某事spend (mo ney) o n sth. = spend (m o ney) in d o i ng st h .花钱做某事sth. co s t sb. (m o n ey)某人花钱为了某事take sb. s om e time to d o sth.花某人时间做某事fi n d o ut 查明find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事be an g ry w i th sb.生某人的气be angry at s t h.生某事的气thesame age a s = as o 1 d as与某人年龄同样ha v e f i ght with sb.与某人打架I e a rn t o do sth.学会做某事n ot. until.直至U才compa r e s th.(A) with sth. ( B)把某事(A)与某事(B)作比较it's t ime f o r s t h. = i t's time t o d o sth.到该做某事的时间了mayb e adv.或许may be (情态动词+动词原形)也许是s hal 1 > shou 1 d 情态动词shall的原形和过去式pay -> paid > p a i d动词pay的原形、过去式和过去分词Reading St r a tegy(阅读方法)You will 1 earn t o u se n ew wo r ds b e t te r if y ou u sea 1 ear n er's diet ionary.(时刻学着应用新单词来学习比时刻使用字典这种途径方法更好。)Abilingualdi c tiona r y s o metim e s gi v es the wron g m e an i ng for the s i tuati o n y o uw a nt.(在某些你需要的场合下，一本双语字典有时会给你错误的解释。)U n i t 3 What we r e you d o i n g when t h e UFO a r r i ved?重点语法:过去进行时态d o/does的过去进行时态形式:(was/we re) d o i ngdo / d oe s 的过去进行时态的被动语态：(wa s/we r e) being done过去将来时态的肯定句、否认句和疑问句形式：肯定句例句:I w a s w a Iking down the s tr e et wh e n a UFO land e d.否认句例句：I wa s n't wa 1 king down th e s t r eet wh e n a UFO 1 anded .一般疑问句例句：W e re y ou wal k ing down t h e s t reet w h en a UFO Ian d ed?特殊疑问句例句:What w e r e y ou d o i n g w he n a U F O land e d ?动词when和while 的选择：when后加瞬间动词，w h i 1 e后加延续性动词。例句：T he boy was wal k in g down th e s t r e et when the UFO 1 and e d.=While the b oy was walki n g down the s tr e et, t h e UFO land e d.感慨句结构：(1) How + adj. + t h e +主语+谓语动词= (2)What + (a/an) + a dj. + n. + 主语 + 谓语动词例句:Wha t a beau t i fu 1 flower i t i s !=H o w beauti f ul th e fl o wer is!Wh a t beaut i fu 1 f lower s the y ar e !=How beaut i ful the flowe r s are!重点短语:get o ut出去;离开take off 起飞 run aw a y逃跑；跑掉 c o me i n进来h ear about = he ar of 听说take place 发生as . . as像同样（eg/as o 1 d as h im像他同样老）any wher e = ev e ry where = here and t h ere 任何地方thin k about 考虑think of 认为get u p = g e t out o f the bed 起床at th e doc tor's 在诊所ever y d ay 每一天e veryd a y adj.平常的most adj.大部分the most最多的i n spa c e在太空中 nation a 1 hero民族英雄all over the world = in the wo r Id 全世界Readin g S trategy （阅读方法）The t i tie ca n be h elpful fo r you t o u nderst a nd a text.（一篇文章的标题可以 帮助你理解整篇文章。）It' s al s o a goo d idea to read th e firs t s entence of each para g raph b e fore yo u r ead.（在阅读整篇文章之前，阅读每段的第一句话也是一个很有效的方法。）Unit 4 He sai d I was ha r d -working.重点语法：宾语从句结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语从句（主语+谓语动词 +宾语/表语）例句:一一I'm good at English. He s a y s.（改为加宾语从句的复合句）He say s 1 mgoodat English.注意：主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。例句：He say s ' m good a t Engl i sh now.He s a ys I was g oo d at m a them a tics when I was young.主句是过去时态,宾语从句也要用过去时态。例句:He said I was good at mat h e matics when I was y o ung ye s terda y.H e sai d Iwas good at Engl i sh now y esterday .宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。例句:Our t eacher says 24 hou r s m a k c a da y .Ou r teach e r sa i d the su n gives us so man y en e r gy y e st e rda y.动词原形不能作主语，必须用其-i ng形式。例句:S he said he Iping o t hers ch a nge d her 1 i fe.重点短语：dire c t s peec h直接引语report e d s p ee c h = ind i rect spe e ch 间接引语f i r st o f a 1 I = at f i rs t 一方面p a ss o n传递be s u p p osed to do sth.应当做某事be g o o d a t = d o w e II in在某方面做得好in good health身体健康ge t over 克服open up打开carefor = take ca r e of = look a fte r 照料;照顾not any m o re = not any Io n g e r = no longer 不再h a ve a co Id 感冒e n d- o f- y ear exam 年终考试get n e rv o u s 变得紧张to r ge t to do s t h.忘掉做某事（该事未做）forget do i ng sth.忘掉做某事（该事已做）it's + a d j. + for sb. + to do sth.做某事对某人来说（加形容词）co n t e xt 上下文Readi n g St r ategy（阅读方法）Fir s t r e a d for mea n in g , n o t for det a il.（一方面理解文段的大体意思，不在于文段的 细节部分。）Yo u c an u n d er s tan d the mea n ing of a word you don' t kn ow from the context.（至于不懂的单词，你可以通过上下文来寻找它的对的释义。）U n it 5 I f you g o to th e p art y , y o u* 1 1 hav e a g r e at t i me !重点语法：if引导的条件状语从句结构：主句+ if +条件状语从句i f +条件状语从句+ （ c omma） +主句注意：在if引导的条件状语从句中，主句应用将来时态，状语从句用一般现在时态。例句:Y ou'll ha v e a g reat tim e if yo u g o to th e pa r ty.=lf y o u go t o the party, y o u' 1 I h a ve a g r eat time.重点短语：take away拿走around t h e w o r 1 d = all over th e world 在世界各地m a ke a li v ing 谋生all th e t i m e = a 1 way s 一直Wh a t's th e prob lem? = What's the m a tte r ? = What's wron g ?怎么 了？in ord e r to do sth.为 了 做某事mak e s b . do $ th.使得某人做某事（t o省略，该结构是一个不带lo的不定式。）make sb. adj.使得某人（加形容词）mak e sb. do n e使得某人被做be f amous f or为而出名be famous as作为而出名i n c las s在课堂上s p e nd . .（time / money） o n sth. = sp e n d .（time/mon e y） in do i ng sth.花（时间/钱）用于做某事see s b. do sth.看见某人做某事（强调整个过程）s e e s b. doing sth.看见某人做某事（强调偶尔性）sa y > sa i d > s a id动词say的原形、过去式和过去分词tel 1 - t old t told动词tell的原形、过去式和过去分词ea t > ate > eat e n动词 eat的原形、过去式和过去分词spea k > sp o k e sp o k e n动词s p eak的原形、过去式和过去分词Uni t 6 How long hav e you b e e n co 1 I e cti n g s he 1 Is?重点语法：现在完毕进行时态do/ d oes的现在完毕进行时态形式:ha v e/h a s been doingd o/doe s的现在完毕进行时态的被动语态:have/h a s been b e i ng done 现在完毕进行时态所应用的场合： 某事从过去发生一直连续到现在都在做过去发生的动作对现在导致影响例:我已上了三年初中。I hav e been in J u ni o r School for 3 years.自从那次他与我谈过心后，我天天都在进步。I ha v e b e e n making p rogr ess s i nee he t a I k ed wit h me t ha t time.现在完毕进行时态的肯定句、否认句和疑问句形式： 肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours. 否认句例句：I haven7 t been skati n g fo r five hours. 一般疑问句例句：Have y o u b e e n skati n g for five h o urs?特殊疑问句例句：How 1 ong have you been s kati n g?注意:瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用。例句:你借这本书已经多长时间了？How long h a ve y ou be e n k e ep i n g t h i s bo o k?重点短语：ru n ou t of用完;用尽b y the way顺便说说b e intere s ted in do i ng s th.对某事感爱好more than 比多f a r away在远处wo u Id like to d o sth. = w a nt to d o s t h . = f ee 1 like d o ing s t h.想要做某事s e nd sb. sth. = send s th. to s b .把某物赠送给某人in fac t事实上room房间（用于可数名词）;空间（用于不可数名词）c omm o n > mor e c ommo n > t h e m o st comm o n 形容词 c o mm o的原级、比较级和最高级