专题09情态动词(虚拟语气)-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点题型技巧》精讲与精练高分突破系列（通用）（解析版）.docx

专题09情态动词（虚拟语气）考点题型技巧考向分析复习建议考点导航答题技巧 T青态动tXk题型_单项选择 题型分叫题型二语法填空题型三完型填空检测训练V.英语中常用的情态动词主要有 can, could, may. might, must, will, would, shall, should,ought to, dare, need, used to, had better等。在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点：同一，情态动词表示不同的意义的情况；情态动词后跟各种形式的用法；尤其要注意”情态动词+完成式”是高考中的重点所在。对虚拟语气的考查重点在于根据句子的语境灵活多样地运用虚拟语气，宾语从句中虚拟语气的应用，交际用语中为表示委婉而使用的虚拟语气，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气，以及特殊句型中的虚拟语气等。0复习建议情态动词:1 .掌握情态动词的基本用法；2 .掌握情态动词表达"情感、态度、语气等"方面的用法。虚拟语气：适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。 逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by+过去时间译为“到为止”，后面的句子用过 去完成时。故填had discovered.4 .New methods 65. (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.【答案】meant【解析】考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动 词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻 辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。5 .The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,38. (form) the core collectionof the British Museum39 (which/that) opened in 1759.【答案】formed【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了 1759年开馆的大 英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语E1759可知，应使用一般过去时。 故填 formed oH检测训练I、单项选择.Poor Mr. Perkins had to wait patiently until his car was the only one that in the parkinglot.A. leftB. would leave C. was leftD. had been left【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：可怜的珀金斯先生不得不耐心地等着，直到他的车成为 停车场里唯一剩下的车。ihat引导定语从句，从句中做主语，故从句谓语动词与先行词保持 人称和数的一致，先行词是the only one, one指代上文提到的car,且car与leave是动宾关 系，故用被动语态，排除A、B项；根据上文的had to wait until his car was可推断，leave 动作发生在had to wait之后，与was时间一致，用一般过去时，故排除D。故选Ccto give you just a surprise quiz but on second thought I chose to let you reflect onyour exercises.A. had intendedB. has intendedC. intendedD. has been intended【解析】考查时态。句意：我本打算给你一个惊喜测验，但经过仔细考虑，我选择让你反思 一下你的练习。根据 I chose to let you reflect on your exercises.可知,had intended to do sth”本 打算做某事，实际上却未做''符合句意。故此题选A。1.1 hate to say this but you need to stop doing things like this because they me all thetime.A. disturbB. have disturbed C. disturbedD. arc disturbing【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我讨厌这样说，但是你需要停止这做这些事情，因为它们老 是打扰了我。根据句意及时间状语all the time可知，使用现在进行时，与打the time（一直） 搭配，表示厌恶。故选D。4 .Charlie's wheelchair out of power. He drove it into my office and looked for a place tocharge it.A. runB. have runC. had runD. was running【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态。句意：查理的轮椅快没电了。他把它开进我的办公室，找了个地 方充电费。根据下文 He drove it into my office and looked for a place to charge il.可知，轮椅快 没电，run out 0代耗尽；用光”，用进行时表示“即将用光”，故选D。5 . You really did a good job,Robcrt!I was just doing my job and anyone in my position the same like me.A. might doB. could doC. should have done D. would have done【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词。句意：罗伯特，你真棒！-我只是做了我该做的事情，任何一个跟 我站在同一角度的人都会这么做的。分析句子可知，此处表示对过去的虚拟，故应用would have doneo 故选 D。6 .Thcy might have found a better hotel if they a few more kilometers.A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。 由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。7 . If the new safety system to use, the accident would never have happened.A. had been putB. were putC. should be putD. would be put【答案】A【解析】考杳虚拟语气。根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟，从句用had done形式，故答 案选Ao句意：如果新的安全系统已投入使用的话，这次事故就不会发生了。8.1 was wearing a seatbell. If I hadn't been wearing one, I.A. were injuredB. would be injuredC. had been injuredD. would have been injured【答案】D【解析】句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气， 根据if条件句用的had done,可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且 I和injure是被动关系。故选D。9.1 f we(he flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caughtB. caughtC. have caughtD. would catch【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的 假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。 点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断 所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示 的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed, 主句与现在事实相反。10.1 f it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A. had not beenB. should not beC. were not to beD. should not have been【答案】A【解析】本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。if从句表示与过去事实相反，所以使用过去完成 时，主句表示与现在事实相反，所以使用"情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果不是因为前 几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故A正确。11 .not for the support of ihe teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It wereB. Were itC. It wasD. Was it【答案】B【解析】考杳虚拟语气。根据主句could not overcome可知此处是省略if的虚拟语气和倒装, 所以were应放于主语it之前，陈述句应为"If it were not.",故选B项。句意：要不是老 师们的支持，这个学生不可能克服困难。12 .What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we a good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过 一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结 构为：从句：If+.主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成 时+其他，故选C。13.1 can't find my purse. I it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.A. should leaveB. must have leftC. might leaveD. could have left【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把 它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故 用情态动词+ have done,再根据后句but not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用 情态动词could,表示“可能故选D。14.Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A. didn't writeB. hadn't writtenC. wouldn't writeD. wouldn't have written【答案】D【解析】本题是含蓄条件句。句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永 别武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定 猜测，故主句用would have done,因此选D项。II、单句改错下列各句均有一处错误，请标出并改正。(-)1.1 f my brother was here, everything would be all right.2. If he hadn't been caught in the storm yesterday, he will not be ill now.3. Therefore we strongly suggested that similar events arc held every year, bad laThe answer sheet must cut from (he newspaper and sent to China Daily after the deadline.4. We must found ways to protect our environmentSome people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they must just be quiet people.5. It?s the office! So you may know eating is not allowed here.-Oh, sorry.6. If you made better use of your time, you might have learned more.7. Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam was at the age of six months old.8. It mustn, t be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.【参考答案】l.was-werc句意，要是我哥哥在这儿的话，一切都没问题了。此句为话引导的虚拟条件句. 表示对现在的虚拟。从句用一般过去时,be用were.2. will-woukl考在虚拟语气。句意:如果他昨天没有遇到风易，他现在就不会生病了。这是 一个错综条件的虚拟语气。从句根据yesterday可以看出是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时， 而主句根据时间状语now看出是对现在的虚拟。故用would do.3. are-be考查虚拟话气。句意:因此我们强烈建议类似的活动应该每年都举行。Suggest意为 “建议”时，后面的从句用should do的形式或者省略shouldomust后面加be。句意:答题纸必须是从报纸上剪下来的，并且在截至口期前寄送至中国口 报。根据句意。这里应该用被动语志。nust do的被动语态是must be done.后面的sent和cul 共用一个be动词，所以sent前可以省略。4. found-find句息:我们必须找到保护环境的方法。此处must为情态动间，情态动词后接动 词原形。5. must-may句意:,些不爱说话的人并不是真的害羞。他们可能只是比较安静，由句意可知这里表示不确定的推测，故用情态动词may。6. may-must句意：这里是办公室。所以你必须知道在这儿吃东西是不被允许的。哦，对不 起。结合语境可知，这里表示命令.因此要用must。7. made前加had句意：假若你将自己的时间利用得更好一些，你本可以学到更多东西的。 根据句意可知此处订引导虚拟条件句，表示对过去的虚拟，故从每应用过去完成时。8. was-be句意：眼科医生建议孩子应在六个月大时进行第一次明期检查。recommend表建议 主张后接从句用(should) do的虚报语气。9. musn'YOukhft句意不可能是词汇导教你在考试中出这个问题，因为你知道很多单间。mustn't do表禁止，结合语境可知，此处使用couldn't表时对过去事情有把握的推测。(二)l.Td rather you saw the film yesterday.2.It is time that I go to pick up my daughter at school.3.1 wish I knew the truth of the matter.4.If you listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.5.You could do better, but you didn't try your best.6.1f we took the other road, we might have arrived earlier.7.He suggested that we took the teacher's advice.8.If he had been studying hard, he would work in the office now.9.But fbr the rain, we should have a pleasant journey.lO.If only I have read the books on reading list before I attended the lecture.【答案】1 .saw>had seen2.go>went/should go3.knew>had known4.listened>had listened7.took>(should) take9.have 后加 had川、语法填空5.do-have done8.workbe workingI O.have*had6.took>had taken.The unmanned Chang'c-4 probe (探测器)一the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.【答案】touched【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号一名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮 女神一上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语Iasi week可知应 使用一般过去时，故填touchedo1 . " This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,” because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct).".【答案】means【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：”这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家 Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文"This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用般现在时，主语是忆所以空处谓语动词使用第 三人称单数形式means,故填means。67 .【答案】is constructed【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词, 谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应 使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructedo3.The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or rooms.【答案】are called【解析】考杳动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描 述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主 语是复数概念。故填are called.IV、短文填空(-)Miss Fang couldn't read fbr very long without getting a headache. Her mother told her that she 1 go to the Health Service and sec a doctor. " You should see a doctor as soon as possible, " she said. " You 2 need glasses.”When Miss Fang had free time, she went to the Health Service. The appointment clerk said that the doctor 3 see her at 3 ： 30.Miss Fang replied that she would not be able to be there at 3： 30 because she had a class then. " The doctor 4 take you at about ten to four, " the appointment clerk suggested."5 I put you down for ten to four, or would you rather come tomorrow?"Miss Fang thought she 6 (not) waste any more time. The teacher shouldn't be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early, as he was always so kind to everyone. And she replied, " I think I 7 make it at ten to four."Miss Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher, “8 I leave at 3： 45 today? 19 have an eye examination." As expected, the teacher said, " Yes, of course you 10 ." 【答案】1 .should2.might3.could4.might5.Shall6.shouldn't 7.can8.May/Can9.mustlO.can1 .掌握虚拟语气的基本用法；2 .掌握含蓄虚拟条件句的用法；3 .掌握主从句时间不致的虚拟条件句的用法；巡考导航考点01情态动词的基本用法can, could 与 be able to1 .表示能力，意为"能，会"omay 与 might1 .表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustnt表示" 不可以""禁止"*'阻止"之意。2 . " may/might as wcll +动词原形"意为"最好,倒不如"，may/ might well+动词原形, 意为"很可能”。1) must 与 need1. must用于否定句，表示"禁止”，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。need " 需要，有必要"，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。2. need也可用作行为动词，"需要，有必要",可以用于各种句式中。【巧学妙记】：need的用法助记口诀：实义动词表"需要"，后接名、代、不定式。：need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。：情态动词表"需要”，没有人称、数之变。其后更接加动原，多川疑问与否定。【易混辨析】dare 和 needL dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为dared。3. need作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to4. dare和need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带 to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只 能接带to的不定式。2) will 与 would1. 表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。2. will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。3. will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有”总是“或“总要”之意。3) shall, should 与 ought to1. shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。2. shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。3. should表示义务、职责等，意为“应该”。4. ought to表示应该。5. shall还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的"应该”。考点02情态动词表推测的用法1. can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为"有时会"：用于疑问句中可以表示推测， 意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can't意为”不 可能"，语气很强烈。2. may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定 句中也可以表示推测，may not意为"可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。3. must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为"一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问 句中或否定句中要用can/could)e4. should用来表示推测时意为"应该"，即含有”按道理来说应当如此"的意思。考点03”情态动词+have done ”的用法情态动词+have done用法must have done一定做过某事,其否定形式为can't/couldn't have donecan/could have done(1)本来能够做但却未做(2)可能做过某事can't/couldn't have done不可能做过某事may/might have done或许/可能做过某事should/ought to have done本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了needn't have done做了本没有必要做的事情1.“ must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成"一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。2 ." can't have done "表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成"不可能做过某事3 ." can have done ”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成”可能做过吗？4 ." could have done M是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗 心。5 ." may have done ”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是*,可能已经"或"也许已经”，用于肯定句中。6 ." might have done "表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构 中。7 .n would have done "虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是"本来会”。8 ." should have done "意思是"本来应该做某事，而实际没做"。"shouldrTl+have+done "表示本来不应该做 某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。9 ." ought to have done "表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成"理应做”，往往表示遗憾。与"should have done "用法基本一样。10 . " need have done "表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。"needn't have done "则表示"本来不需要做某事而实际做了”考点04 if条件句中的虚拟语气1）if条件句中的虚拟语气if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式（be的过去式用were）should/would/could/might + 动词原形表示过去情况had+过去分词should/would/could/might +have+过去分词表示将来情况should +动词原形should/would/could/might + 动词原形动词过去式were to+动词原形2）错综时间条件句的虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为"错综时间条 件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。3）省略if的倒装句在条件句中可省略if,把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。4）含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气有时候，虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中。（1）用but for、without（如果没有）等来代替条件从句。（2）用otherwise、or（orelse）s even though等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。（3）虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。考点05从句中的虚拟语气1）.用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中常见的动词有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise, requestt urge, command, prefer, desire, recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为"should+动词原 形"，should可以省略。一主张 二命令 三建议 四要求/ insist / order,command/suggest tadvise,recommend request,require,ask,demand外加一个敦促叱【特别提醒】 suggest表"暗示"，insist表"坚持认为"时不用虚拟语气。2) .用于主语从句中常见句型：It is iniportant/necessary/urgent/essential/. + that.It is sb's order/desire/suggestion/advice/ . + that.It is suggested/advised/dcmanded/rcqucstcd/ . + that、从句谓语形式：(should+)动词原形.用于表语从句和同位语从句中在 suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语 从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“ should+动词原形",should可以省略。3) . wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，构成：主语+ wish (that) +从句主语+动词过去式(be 一律用were。1 .表示与过去事实相反的愿望，构成：主语+ wish (that) +从句主语+ would/could + have +过去分词或had +过去分词。2 .表示将来不大可能实现的愿望，构成：主语 + wish (thal) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 动词原形。5) . would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为"宁愿；但愿"。用一般过去时表示与 现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。6) .在"It is (about/high) timc+that从句”中,谓语动词常用过去式或"shou在+动词原形" 表示虚拟语气，注意should不可省略。7) . as if, as (hough引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一 般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。8) . if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。【答题技巧】【题型分析】【题型一单项选择】1 .Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .A. mustB. canC. needD. should【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。 A. must 必须；B. can 能，可以；C. need 需要；D. should 应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里,即:我们“能可以''待在他的房子里。 故选B。2 . You have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.A. mustB. shouldC. mustn'tD. shouldn't【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词+ have done。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他 已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是shouldn't have done指做了本不该做 的事，must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测；should have done表示应当做某 事而实际上未做；mustn't不和have done连用。故选D。3 .The workers were not better organized, otherwise they the (ask in half (he lime.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能 完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与 过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语 +should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选 D。4. It's strange that he have taken the books without the owner's permission.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldC.