2023年人教版高中英语必修一语法知识点总结.docx
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Uni t One Friendsh i p一、重点短语1. go t hr o u gh经历,经受g e t through通过;完毕;接通电话2. set d own记下,放下a s e ri e s of 一系列3. on p urp ose有目的的i n order t o 为了4. at dusk傍晚,黄昏时刻f a c e t o face 面对面5. fa 1 1 in love 爱上j o in i n参与(某个活动);t a ke part i n参与(活动)join加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员)6. ca 1 in d o wn冷静下来1 1 . suf f e r f r o m 遭受1 2 . b e / g et t i red of.对感到厌倦b e c oncerned about 关心13. get on/along w e 11 wi t h 与相处融洽5 . be good a t /do well in 擅长于1 6.findit+ adj. t o d o s th.发现做某事是no 1 o n g e r / n ot .any longer 不再17. t oo m u c h太多(后接不可数n.)muc h too 太.(后接 adj.)概念:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。成分:先行词,即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词;关系代词:th a t, w hich , who(宾格为w h o m,所有格为whos e );或者关系副词where, when, why等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间,起着连接主 从句的作用。1.关系代词that的用法关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人,也能指物;既能做主语,也能做宾语例:1)Aplaneis a machi n e t h a t can fly.(指物,作主语)2) The no o dies (that) I coo k ed w e r e delicio u s.(指物,作宾语)3) Who is t he m a n th a t is r e a din g a book o v er t h ere? (指人,作主语)4) The gi r 1 (tha t ) we saw y e s t erd a y was Jim's sis t er,(指 人,作宾语).关系代词which的用法关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物,但既可以做宾语也能作主语例:1 )They plan ted some trees wh i c h d idn't ne e d much wa t er. (作主语)2) T he fish (w hich) w e bo u g ht t h i s morn i ng were not fresh. (作宾语)2 .关系代词who, whom的用法关系代词who,whom只能指人,在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语例:1)T h e fore i g n e r who h e Ipe d us y e ste r day is from USA.(作主语)2 )The p e rs o n to w h om y ou jus t t a 1 ked t o i s Mr. L i .(作宾 语)、.关系代词who s e在的用法关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式,其先行词既可以是人也可 以是物,whos e和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾 语。例:1 ) T his is the scienti s t who s e n a me is know n al 1 over the world.(指人,作主语)2 ) T h e room whos e wi n dow faces south is m i n e.(指物,作主 语)3)He h a s writt e n a b ook whose name T v e forgott e n.(指 物,作宾语)5 .关系副词when的用法关系副词w he n在定语从句中作时间状语例:1)ril ne v e r f o r ge t th e t im e when (= d u r i ng which) we w o rke d on the f arm.2) Do you remember the af t e r n o o n when (=on w h i c h) we f i rst met three ye a rs ago?6 .关系副词wh ere在定语从句中的用法关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语例:1) This i s th e pla c e w h er e ( =at/ in whic h ) we first m e t.2) Th e hotel whe r e (= in which ) we stay e d wasn't very clean.7 .关系副词why在定语从句中的用法关系副词wh y在定语从句中作因素状语例:1). I dicin' t g e t a pay r i se, but thi s wasn't t he r e a son why (= for wh i c h ) I 1 e ft.2) . T he re a s onwhy (= f or w h ic h ) he has lat e was t h at he missed the t r ain.Un i t 5 Nelso n Man d e 1 a - a mode r n hero一、重点词汇1. se 1 fi s h 自私的s e 1 fless无私的devote o n e s elf to.致力于;献身于2. fig h t a g a i n s t 对抗,反对fight f or 为.而战p r inci p I e 原则p rin c ipal校长;重要的offer g u idance t o给提供指导3. . o u t of w o rk 失业join加入(组织,俱乐部,成为其中一员)J o in in参与(活动)take part in参与(活动). as + a dj +a s o ne can 尽也许=as + adj. +as po s s ibl eas a mat ter of fact 事实上(= in fact)4. blow u p爆炸,炸掉1 .setup 建立;s et about 着手,开始做(s e t a b o u t d oin g sth.)set off 出发,动身;set out 开始,出发(set out to d o sth.)be se n t e need to 被判12. be equal to 与.相等;胜任be p r oud of 为感到自豪1 5 . giveout分发(giveoff散发出(气味) 16. die for为而死d i e o f 死于(自身因素,如疾病)di ef rom死于(外在因素,如车祸)1 7 . real i ze o ne's dr e am of.实现.的梦想18. only 位于句首时,要主谓倒装例:Only then d id we de c ide to answer viole nee w i th viole n ce.On 1 y i n th i s way, can we protect the e n v i ronme n t bette r .二.语法一定语从句详见第四单元19. n o t .unt i 1 直到才it's no pie a s u r e doing sth 做并不开心20. make s b.sth.使某人成为make sb. do s ih.使某人做某事二、语法一一直接引语和间接引语薇念直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且 不要加引号。例:Mr. Black said," I'm busy.”Mr. Black s aid that h e was b us y .变化规则(一)陈述句的变化规则直接引语假如是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that (可省略)引导,从句中的 人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。人称的变化一一人称的变化重要是要理解句子的意思例:1. H e s ai d , “I 1 i ke i t v e r y m uch. " He s a id th a t h e li k ed i t v ery m u ch.2 . He said to me, 'Tv left my b o o k in y o ur room.”f He told me that he h a d left his book in my r oom.时态的变化例:直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完毕时过去完毕时一般过去时过去完毕时一般将来时过去将来时过去完毕时过去完毕时"I don't want t o s e t dow nase ries of facts i n a diary,M s aid Anne.f Anne s a id t h at she didn't want t o se t d o wn a s e r i es of fac t s in a d ia r y.Th e boy said, 'Tm u s i n g a k n i fe.”一 The boy said that he was us i ng a knife.注意:假如直接引语是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变,如:He said, “Lighl t r a vels m u ch f a ster than s o und.”He sa i d tha t light t ravels m u ch fa s t e r t h an sound.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语间接引语t hi st h a tth e sethosenowthenag ob e fore / earliertodayt h at d ayy est e rda ythe day befo r et o morrowthe ne x t / fo 1 lo w ing dayt heda y after t om o r rowIn two day's timecom egoher et h erethe day bcfo r c y e stcrdayt wo days b e fo r e/ e a r lier(二)祈使句的变化规则假如直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不 定式,并根据句子意思在不定式前加上lell /ask/order等动词,假如祈使 句是否认句,在不定式前面还要加上not。例:The h o stess sa i d t o us, “Pie ase s i t dow n f The hos t e ss asked us t o si t down.He s aid, "Don't make so m u c h no i se, boy s-* He to 1 d the b oys not to make so m u ch no i se.(三)疑问句的变化规则假如直接引语是疑问句,变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,句末用 句号。一般疑问句:假如直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,谓语动词是say 或sai d时,要改为ask或asked,原问句变为由if/w h elh e r 引导的宾语从 句。例:“Do y o u th i nk a d iary can become your f riend? the writer says, f The wri t er a sks u s i f we t hink a di a r y can bee ome o u rf r i en d .2)特殊疑问句:假如间接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用本来的 引导词,但疑问句要变为陈述句。例:“Wh a t d o y ou wan t ? ” he a ske d me.f He asked m e wh a t I w a n t e dUnit tw o English ar o und th e w orl d一、重点短语b e di f fe r ent from 与不同be t h e same as 与.同样one anot h e r 互相,彼此(=each other)1. official language 官方语言at the end of在结束时2. because o f 由于(后接名词或名词性短语)because由于(后接句子)be b a s ed on根据,依据7. a t pre s ent目前;当今. e specia 1 1 y 特别,特别s pecially专门地make us e o f 运用make t h e best of充足运用a large numberof大量的,很多(作主语,谓语动词用复数)t henumber o f的数量(作主语,谓语动词用单数)in fa c t = a c t uall y = as a matt e r of fact 事实上1 3. belie v e i t o r no t 信不信由你t here is no s uch t h ing a s.没有这样的事14. be expected t o被期待做某事pl ay a pa r t /rol e in .在起作用1 7. m a ke 1 i sts o f列清单inc 1 uded涉及(前面接涉及的对象)Including涉及(后接涉及的对象)9 . command sb. t o do sth.命令某人去做某事c o mmand + th a t 从句(从句用 shou 1 d+V 原)20. r equ e st s b . to do s t h.规定某人做某事r e qu e st + that 从句(从句用 s h ould+V 原)二、语法-英语中的命令(comma nd)语气和请求(r eques t)语气命令语气:表达直接命令某人做某事,语气比较重,不怎么礼貌,一般用于上级 对下级例:1. u L o ok a t the exam p le”,the t eache r s aid t o u s .2 . Open t h e window!请求语气表达请求某人做某事,语气比较缓和,非常礼貌 例:1 . “ Woul d you like t o see my f 1 a t ?” S h e as k ed.2. Wo u Id you please o p en t h e window?Unit 3 T ra v el j ournal一、重点短语1.1 r avel-泛指旅行j ourney-指长时间长距离的陆上旅行voyage指长距离的水上旅行,也可以指乘飞机旅行trip -常指短时间短距离的旅行lour指环游,巡回旅游,. pr e fe r to更加喜欢,宁愿p ref e r Ato B比起B,更喜欢Ap refer doing t o doi n g 比起做宁愿做p ref e r t o do rathe r than do 与其做,不如. flow through 流过,流经2 . ever s i nee 自从. pe r suade s b. to d o s th.说服某人做某事3 . b e f ond of 喜欢. insist on d o i ng坚持做某事i n si s t + that 从句(用 s hould+ V 原). c a re ab o ut 关心4 . c h an g e one's mind 改变想法. alt i tud e 高度a t t itud e态度,见解. m a ke u p o ne min d to do下定决心做某事=decide to d o = make a d e c i sion t o d og ive u p放弃1 3 . be s u rp r ise d to .对感到惊奇t o one's su r p rise令某人惊讶的是at last = f i n al 1 y = i n the en d 最终1 5. s t o p to do停下来去做某事s to p doin g 停止做某事as usua 1像往常同样1 7 .so. t h a t如此以至于So + adj + a/ an+ n . + th a tS uc h + a /an + a d j. + n. + t h at1 8. b e fam i 1 i ar w i ih对熟悉(人作主语)b e famil i a rto为.所熟悉(物作主语)二、语法:现在进行时表将来现在进行时表将来,表达最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,常见的现在进行时 表将来的动词有:come/g o / leave/ a r rive / tra v el / t ak e / s t ay/ do 等.例:1. I'm coming.我就来2. wha t are y o u doing nex t Sunda y ?你下个星期天做什么?3.1 hear Iha t y o u a r e t ravel 1 i ng a 1 o ng Meko n g R i v er.我听 说你将沿湄公河旅行4 . Where a r e you sta y i ng a t n ig h t?你们晚上待在哪里/Unit f ou r Earthquakes一、重点短语righ t away 立刻,立即(=at one e = in n o time)1. a s lee p睡着的;熟睡地(fa Ilas 1 eep 入睡)s 1 eep睡;睡眠si e epy犯困的i t seem s t h a t / as i f.看来仿佛;似乎2. in r u i ns成为废墟the numb e r of.的数量(谓语动词用单数)a n u m b er of大量(谓语动词用复数). r e s c u e wor k e rs 营救人员Come to on e's re s cue 营救某人be trapp e d 被困3. . how 1 o ng多长时间h ow oft e n多久,指平率how soon还要多久(用于将来时当中,用in+时间段回答). h u nd r ed s o f t h o u s a nd s of 成千上万的1 0 . d i g out 挖出shake-泛指”动摇,震动”,常指左右、上下动摇,也可以指人“震惊,颤 抖”例:1. S h e fel t the earth s haking und e r him.2. She was sh a ken with an ger.quake-指较强烈的震动,如地震例:The bu i Idi n g qua k e d on i tsfound a t ionTr e m b 1 e-指人由于寒冷、恐惊、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音 的颤抖例:S ud d e n ly I saw h er lips begi n to trem b le and t e a rs b e gin to f 1 ow down her ch e eks.Shiver-多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦例: A sudden gust of co 1 d wi n d made me shiv e r.11. rise (r o se- r i s e n)-vi,上升;升起,无被动语态;g i ve rise t o 引 起R a i s e( r ai s ed-r a i s ed)vt,举起;筹集;养育A r ise ( ar o s earisen)-vl,出现(常指问题或现象)1 3 . injur e -常指因意外事故导致的损伤,也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害 例:II e was in j ur e d in a car a ccide n t.harm-泛指“伤害,损害”,既可以指有生命的,也可以指无生命的例:1. He was afraid that his fury would harm t he ch i Id.2 . H i s b u s i ncss was h a rmcd for some r e a s on.h urt-既可以指肉体上的伤害,也可以指精神上的伤害例:1. She hurt her leg whe n sh e f ell.2. He f e It h u rt at your word.woun d - 一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤例:T h e b u 1 1 et wou n d e d him in the a r m.1 4. be prep a red for .= make prep a r a t i o n s fo r 为.做准备in one's hono r向表达敬意;为纪念Be/ feel ho n or e d to do做感到很荣幸make /gi v e/ d e liv e r a spe e ch 发言o p en i n g s p eec h 开幕词1 7 . give / pro v ide s h elter t o向提供庇护所seek shel t er fr o m 规避1 8. h app e n t o +n. / pron.遭遇,发生h app e n to do sth.偶尔;恰巧h叩pen -指偶尔发生tak e place-指事先计划好的事情发生二、语法一-一定语从句