2023年八年级下英语知识点.docx

lesso n 1Wha t's the weather 1 ike toda y ?这句是用来询问天气的一个常用句子,还可以说成:How is th e we a ther?1.1 t will be s n o wy a nd hot t o da y .snowy是形容词，意思是有雪的，雪大的。它是由名词sn。w+y构成，类似的词尚有：cl o udy;rain y ;sunny;windy;i c y ； f o gg y ; t h i r sty;dirdy； h e alt h y;3 .What' s the t empera t u re?问温度是多少时，不用 how many mu c h ,要用 whathope n ot.它的肯定形式为I hop e s o.类似的表达法有：I' m a f r aid so. rm afraid n o 1.1 thi n k soI d o n1 t think s o.51m s c ar e d o f th u n d er.b e s c are d o f s b.st h .胆怯某人或某物。这里sc a r ed是过去分词，作形容词。如: I'm scar ed o f wild anim a 1 s .scare还可以作动词。如：You sc a red me.Ie s s o n 2l.Wha t f s the date t o day?I t ' s March twe n ty first.What，s the d a te?是用来询问日期的一个常用句子，也可以说成：What is t o da y ' s da t e ?假如询问星期要用 What d a y i s to d ay? Wh a t day i s i t t o day?2. In spring, t h e w e ather becom e s warmer.be come是系动词，与get同样，常接形容词作表语；与get不同的是它还可以接名词作表 语，表达身份的变化。应为：成为。如：The d a ys are bee omin g get t in g longer in s u mmer. H e bee am e a lawye r i n 1 9 98.3. The tern p erature g oes up! go up 意思是上升，与 r i se 同义，与 g o d o wn 或 set 相 反。如：th e sun goes up r ise s in the e as t a nd go e s d ownse t s in the wes t .4. Thun d er make s a 1 o u d noi s e.make a noi s e 意思是发出声响,吵闹。如:The b aby3.Later, the head wi 1 11 u r n into wheat s eed s .i c e.s water in t o v apor 蒸汽.tur n into.意思是变成如 Water ca n tu r n intot urn.in t o意思是把.变成，如 Hea t turn相关的短语有 cha n ge into.,ch a nge. i nt o .lesson 17 1. She plays w ith me wh e n I c ome h o me from schoo 1 .play with意思是与.玩，玩弄如 Don't p lay wit h f i re ， it's d a n gero u s.2.1 wil 1 kee p him u nd e r my desk.k eep的意思是使某人'某物保持某种状态或某地位.如If your hands ar e cold,keep the m in y o ur po c k e ts. T h es e g 1 o ves w i 1 1 keep your hands warm. I'm sorry to ke e p yo u w a it i ng. Yo u can t keep du c ks i n the clas s r o om.ke e p 尚有饲养.的意思，如 He k e e ps bees , g oats and hens o n hi s f arm.3.1 wil 1 ne e d to p 1 ant a t r e e i n my b e d r oom.在肯定句中动词n ee d通常用作行为动词，如 The y n e e d to fin i s h t h e p r o j ec t o n tim e . You need to t a ke an umbrella w i th you.在否认句和疑问句中,need即可用作行为动词，也可以用作情态动词，如 You need n't f i n i sh that work today.二You don't need to finish that w o rk tod a y. Do y o u need to g o out?= N eed y ou g o o u t?n eed 还可以用作名词，如 The r e is a gre atne edfor a new book o n t h is s u b j e ct. T h e re is no d eed for y ou to star t y e t .1 e sso n 181 . H e was ta 1 kin g to m y mum.w a s we r e -Fdoing是过去进行时，表达在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作汝口 He w a sn't watchin g the hamburgers at that t ime. He was c ooking supp e r w h en I goth o me.1 ess o nl9.The zoo is o pen.o p en是形容词,意思是开放的，可进入的.如 This g ard e n is open to the publ i c.open还可以表达开着的,营业的，等.如 He s 1 e p t in the r o om wi t h th e w i ndow ope n 1 as t nig h t . The sho p isn't o p en on sundays. His co a t was open. The c ag e s are b ig and open.1 . I t has all k i n d s of anim a 1 s.all k i nd s o f 意思是各种各样的，如 All kindso f pl a nts wer e displa y ed.d i f fere n t k i n d s o f.不同种类的.；a ki n d o f. 一种.；2 . W e * 1 1 nee d o u r c aps to pr o tec t u s from t he s u n.prot e ct sb.s t h. agains t f r om sth.意思是保护保卫某人或某物不受.的侵害.如 I was wea r i ng a fur c o at to prot e ct m y self f r o m th e c o Id. Winter w h ea t ly i n g u nder sn o w i s prote c ted a g a i ns t t h e co 1 d.3 .Zoo s can h elp p e opl e t 0 sto p animals from go i ng exti net.st o p s b. fr o m doing s th,意思是阻止某人做某事，在积极语态中from可以省去，在 被动语态中 from不可省去.如 Plea s e don't s t 0 p h im(from ) playing basketba 1 1. He wa s s to p ped f r om p 1 aying bask e t b a 11. W e a 11 t ried to sto p h im (from) sm o kin g in be d .I e ss 0 n 20am at the z 00 wa t chi n g all the a nimals, I want to make f r i en d s w i th one t 0 da y .at the zoo在动物园，也可用作i n the zoo.make f r i end s wi t h .表达与.交朋友.2 .T h row some food t o the d uck s b y the w ater.Sta n d so st i 11 while th e y wa d d le my way. by是介词，意思是在旁边，在 附近汝口:My house is by th e river.sti 1 1可以作形容词，意思是静止的，不动的;如:Keep st i I 1 while I c o mb y o ur h ai r . P lease s t and st i 11 w h i le 11 a ke your p h otogra p h.s t i 11还可以作副词，意思是还，仍然,依旧;如：He is s t i 11 sleeping.Th e f i st is st i 11 aliv e .while是连词，意思是当的时候;如：I met a f r iend whi 1 e I was walki n g dow n the str e et.3 . I w a nt an animal f r ie n d t h a 11 i kes t o j u mpand r un,to o .t hat 1 ikes t o j u mp and run 是定语从句，修饰先行词 an animal f r ien d .被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词.先行词是人时，关系词通常用 that或w h o whom;先行词是事物时,关系词通常用that或wh i ch；关系词在从句中除作 状语外，可以省去.如:Ed i son w a s a man w h o never gave up. She i s the girl whom I m e t a t t he par t y.T h i s is the house w her e （=i n wh i ch） I lived 1 as t year. I k n o w t h e boy whose fa t h er is a te a cher. The h o u se whi c h s tan d s on the h i 1 I is mine.Iesson2 1T hey g o thro ugh t he en t rance.th r oug h介词,意思是（从内部）穿过.acr o s s指（从 表面上）横过.如:I walked ac r o s s the sq u are t o the muse u m. We walked throu g h t he f ore s t .1. .M a yb e p h otos wou 1 d surp r ise the animals.maybe 意思是大约，或许.如:Ma y be he d oesn1 t kn o w i t's spr i n g . Ma y be you p u t the lett e r in yo u r p o cket.情态动词may和系动词be 一起也可以表达 也许是.的意思.如:You m a y be r ight. I c an*t find my w a t ch. I t ma y b e in your p ocket.2. T h e n do n ' t t a k e pho t o s of me.t a ke photo s of sb.意思是 给某人照相.3. I t's n e ar 1 y n o o n,and he's st i 11 slee p in g .nearly 是副词，意思是 几乎,差不多,如：Hu r ry up- i t*s n rarl y t i me for sc h o o 1. nearl y和a Im。st都表达 几乎,差不多.在多数情况下，两者之间没有什么差别.一般来说 a 1 most所表达的限度比nea r ly更接近一些.此外,nearly不能用于修饰否认词，但可被n ot修饰;而a Imo s t可以和否认词连用.4. That1 s wh e r e we go o u t.wh e r e we g o out.是表语从句,where是引导词.这样的词尚有:wh-, tha t,because等. 如:Tha t's wha the said.That's why I a m so w o r r ied. The q uesti o n is whether ou r pa r e n ts will agre e . The p r oblem i s which is hea v ier. She lo o ked as i f she were a d o c t or.Ie s so n 22.Le t's play a joke on someone t od a y.play a j o k e on s b.意思是 开某人的玩笑，戏弄某人.如:We all p lay a jok e on him.h a ve a joke w i th s b .意思是 与某人一起开某人的玩笑.如:I stoppe d to ha v e a jok e w i th h i m.开玩笑.如：Don' t mak e a jo k ezoo.make a joke abo u t o f sb. s th.意思是拿某人(事) a bout h im hi s s h o r t c omings.1 . L e t's tell D a nny that the b e ar g ot out of t hg et o u t (of s t h.)意思是从.里出来.此外,这个短语还可以表达出外走走.如 We lo v eto get o ut i n t o the countr y sidea t we e k e nds.Yo u o u ght to get outo f y ou rhouse mor e .g et out o f st h Adoin g st h.意思是逃避责任或义务，不做份内的事，（使某人）放弃、停止或戒除（习惯等）。如I wi s h Ico u Id get o ut of g oing t o that meeting. I c an 7 t g et o ut of the habit o f waking at s i x in t h e mor n i n g.2 . We hearditon the r a di o .o n ov e r the r a d i o意思是 通过无线电广播。类似的短语有on t he tel e p hon e ;on TV.3 .Ther e 7 s a fier c e be a r coming.coming为现在分词，作bea r的定语，有正在到来的意思，相称于定语从句t hat i s com i n g .如 There is a bag lying on t h e ground.Ther e are some bo y s pla y i ng fo o tb a 11 over t he r e.4 .You ar e j o king, aren't y ou?该句是反意疑问句。反意疑问句由两部分组成。前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是简短问句， 中间用逗号隔开。前后两部分遵循 两个一致，一个相反 原则。如 The pen is yo u rs,is n 1 t it? He i snft adoctor,is he? Yo u r br o t h er can s w im,can't h e?You d on't study C h i ese,do you? He n e v e r w atches T V, d o e s he?T he r e won't b e an y mee t i n g s next w e ek, will the r e?5 .We tr i ck e d out yo u ,D a nny!trick 是动词，意思是欺骗,欺诈。如 Th e y oung man t r i ck e d m e out o f 50 y u an. trie k sb. out of +钱数。表达骗取某人多少钱。lesso n 231 .One o f the world's first z oos wa s i n Egypt, a bo u t 3500 yea r s a g o.ag o作副词表达从现在算起的以前;b efore作副词可表达从过去某一刻算起的以前。如I met hi m t h re e da y s ago. I said I ha d met h im t h ree days before.b ef o re后接 时间点，可用于任何时态。如 She go t t o the of f i ce b e f or e five o* c loc k . We hope to g e t home b e fore six o'c 1 oc k .2 . N o o th e r peo p le could g o .no o t he r peo p 1 e 可以说成 n obod y else.Nob ody el s e could go t h ere ex c e p t king s ,qu e ens and impor t a nt pe o pie.3 .Egyp t is f a mous for i t s py r ami d s .be famous we 1 1 known f o r意思是以著名；以闻名.如 Fran c e i s fa mous f or i ts food and wine.T h e pl a c e is fomous f or its h o t s p r i n g s.b e f a mous as.意思是 作为职业'身份而著名.如 H e i s f a mous a s a writ e r .4 .P e op 1 e went to th e zoo to learn a b ou t anima 1 s.t o 1 e arn a b ou t animals 是动词不定式作目的状语汝口 He c am etogiv eusa ta1 kyesterday. I w e nt to t h e park to bre ath e the fresh ai r .5 . Z oos are t he onl y pla c es t h at somekinds of animals liv e in.tha t s ome k i n d s o f an i mal s1ive in 是定语从句，修饰先行词th e onl yplaces.由于先行词前有。nly,所以关系词只能用that.1 e s son2 5f il 1 ajar with water.fil 1with意思是用,.装满.be f i 11 e d w i t h. =b e full of.意思是 充满如On hea r ing the n e ws,here y e s a r e filled with tears. T h ey fi 1 led t he hole w i th wate r .fill in.意思是 填上；填充.；如F i 11 i n the blank s .2 .The n , I t u rn th e jar upside d o wn.u psid e dow n 意思是向下翻转过来 如 Th a t p i c tu r e is ups i de d o wn. Youhoi d the bo o k ups i d e d own.right si d e u p意思是 正面朝上.3 . I th i nk t h e flo o r wil 1 get wet.get作系动词，意思是 变得，后跟形容词作表语汝口 The d ay ge ts longerins P ring.与get相关的词组有：get alon g on(well) with.与(和睦)相处.如I am g e tti n g a longon we 1 1 with myc 1 a s sm a te s . get a w a y from 意思是 逃跑.如 The thief got away f rom t h e po 1 ice.g et back 意思是 返回;要回或拿回.如 A f ter a long holi day, h e h a d t o get b a c k t o work.Please get the book back for me.get i nt o 意思是 上车.如 He g o t i n t o t he ca r .get off.意思是下车;从 下来.如He got off the t r ai n .g et u p 意思是 起床;起身；站起.如 He s u d d e nly got up from th e c h ai r . I us u a lly g et up at six in t he morning.get t o get h e r 意思是 集合;团聚.如 We wi 1 1 g e t to g ether a 11 h e sc h o o 1 gat ea nd to t o t h e park.get t hrough意思是 用电话联系上如I o f te n g et t hroug h to m y fr i ends.g e t to.意思是 到达. 如 We wi 1 1 g et to Beijing tom o r r o w. He w i 1 1 g e t home b y fo uro'clock t h i s af t ern o o n .4 . I'm s ure t he floor wonf t get wet.s b .be sure+t h at从句,意思是 认为.一定.否认形式是sb. b e sure+疑问词引导的从句 如 Tom i s s u re t h at h e wi 1 1 win t he gam e ,T o m is no t sure whe t her h e can w i n the game.Pm not su r e w h en h e 11 c ome he r e.5 . We can prove wh o's right.p rove是及物动词,意思是 证明，证实.常用于以下结构:prove sth.(to s b.); pro ve(to sb.) t h at. .;prove. (to be)+a d j n .如Thefacthas p rov e d the man*s h o nesty to us all.=T h e f act has p roved t o u s all t h a t the man is hon e st.= The fact has pr o v ed t h e man (to be) ho n e s t .prove也可以作不及物动词，意思是 证明'表白(自己)是后跟形容词或名词,如My theor y will p r ove right s ome day.Dur i ng t he trip, h e prov e d a m a n w i th a stron g wil 1 .6 .We 'lido the ex p eriment an d obs e r ve what w i 11 happe n .o bserve 是动词，意思是 观测.o bserve sb. dodo i n g s th.如 lobs erved her d a nc e .W h en I passed by the gr a s s, I o b s e r v ed h im wa 1 k ing.1 e s s o n2 6I w ill a s k t h e c 1 a ss to ma k e obse r v a ti o ns an d guess what will happen, make obser v ations 意思是 观测. 如 Whi 1 e doing e x perim e nts, you must mak e care f ul o b servati o n s .这个短语尚有 做观测报告，评述，评论的意思汝口 0 ur geograph y tea c her h a s jus t made s o me i nt e r esting o bs e rvat ions o n A f ric a .observation 也可以用作不可数名词.如 She is in h o s pital u nder ob s e r vatio n .less o n2 7l.Next,Br i an will t ake hi s hand of f t he car d b o ar d .take st h . off s th.意思是使某物离开或脱离如Would y o u mi n d t a k ing y our f o ot off my hand?tak e of f 意思是起飞;脱下;匆忙拜别.如 The p 1 ane took o f f a t 7 a. m. Tak e o ff y o ur shoes,p 1 e a s e.H e took of f for the statio n in a h u r ry.1. The for c e is s t r ong e n oug h t o hold t h e w ater.a d jadv+enou g h to d o s t h.意思是 足够.以至于能做某事.如 The b oy is o 1 d enough t o go t o s cho ol.=The boy i s s o ol d that he ca n go t o s c hool. =He is s uch an old boy that he can go to scho o 1.enough作副词，要放在被修饰的形容词和副词之后;作形容词，通常放在被修饰的名词之 前,如 T h is ha 1 1 is 1 a rge e n o u g h to ho 1 d t wo th o u s and p e ople. H e wa 1 k s fa s t e n oug h t o be here in t i me.H e do e sn1 t h a ve e noug h m o ney to go for t raveling.I'm soory, b ut I haven' t e n o u gh time to d o the job.2. Air is stro n g er than I tho u g ht!t han可作连词或介词,用于引入比较级的后半部分，表达 比;如S h e is a better playe r t h an sh e was last y e ar.H e is t a 1 le r th an me.Hege tsup ear lier t hanI (do).r athe r than意思是宁愿.,不愿；与其 不如如 I would ra t her s t ay a thome t han g o out.3. P u t e i ght s p oo n f u 1 s o f c orn s t a r c h into the bowl.s p oo n ful是可数名词,意思是一勺的量.如a s poo n fu 1 of sugar.类似的尚有 two cu p fuls o f mil k ; a few m o uthfu 1 s of tea； a ha n dful o f flowe r s.1 e sson28.That tas t es so g reat.ta s te作系动词,后接形容词作表语，意思是 尝起来.如 Theme at taste s goo d .It t a stes b e tter th a n looks.1 .An d I wi 1 1 eat u n t i 1 m y pl a te is e m p ty.延续性动词+ u n t ilt i 1 L.表达一直直到 为止.如 You' d b ette r wait un t il he c ome s ba c k. I wil 1 w atch TV u n t i 1 m y f a t h er come s ba c k.我一直看电视直到 我爸爸回来为止.瞬间性动词'延续性动词+not+u n tiNilL.表达 直到,才如I wont w a t ch TV u n t il my f a t h er comes ba c k.我直至lj爸爸回来才看电电视.1 didn't go t o b ed u ntil my f a t her came b ack.我直到爸爸回来才睡觉.He d i dnt g o o u t u ntil he f inis h ed hi s home work .他直到完毕作业才出去.另,unti 1 till作连词时，引导时间状语从句，当主句是一般将来时时，从句要用一般现在时来代 替.如I s h a 1 1 wait h er e un t il he a rrive s .1 wi 1 1 wait u n t i 1 he return s .les s on29D a nn y i s at the p ark. a t the p ark= i n t he park1. De b bie w i 1 1 have fun lo o ki n g for them.hav e f u n相称于enjoy on e self意思是 玩得快乐，过得快乐.如 We had 1 o t s o f f u non th e sportsg r o u nd today.=We enjoy e d our s e 1 ves v e ry mu chon th e s portsground to d ay.have fun d o i n g sth .表达做某事有乐趣.It is（not） f un t o dodo i n g s th.=T h ere is muc h n o f un in d o ing st h .意思是 做有（无）乐趣,如 I t i s fun to co o k a meal myself. =T h ere's much fun i n cook i n g a m e al my s elf.Th e re is no t m u ch fun in goi n g to a par t y alone. = I t ' s not fun to go to a pa r ty alon g .2. I can't make egg s .make eggs意思是 产卵，下蛋.还可以说成lay e gg s .3. Can you f i nd them?辨析：f i n d,look f o r ,fin d out, hu n t f o rfind强调找的结果，意思是 找到.如H e found his lo s t p e n.1 ook fo r 强调动作的过程,意思是 寻找.如He i s 1 o oking for his lost pen.find out强调（通过一番努力之后）找到；查明At last,t h e y f o und out who stol e the bike.h unt for s b.s t h.意思是 寻找某人或某物.与lo o k for同义,如The p o I i c e ar e hun t ing for th e thief.5.N o w my b a sket i s f u 11 o f eggs.b e f u 1 1 of.意思是 充满=b e filled w i t h如 The b us is f ull of peo p le.=The b us is fill e d with people.1 ess o n30. F i 11 the dis h h alf full of wa t er.h a If是副词，意思是 部分地，一半地，差不多.10 The bottle is only hal f full, half也可作形容词，名词，意思是 半个的，一半的，一半.如 half a year= a half y ear;h a 1 f an h our=a h a If hour;Hal f of th e m are al r e a d y her e . Two halves mak e a w h ole.1 . To make a candle bur n , y o u nli g htn it.is s 1 e e p in g